poverty贫穷英语课presentation用

poverty1/212/213/214/211.definition2.problems3.solutions1.Thedefinitionofpoverty1.1Absolutepoverty1.2relativepoverty1.3Thesociologyofpoverty2.1healthproblem2.2education2.3housing2.4violence3.povertyreductionstrategies5/211.Thedefinitionofpoverty——thestateofonewholacksausualorsociallyacceptableamountofmoneyormaterialpossessions——povertyistheofgettingchoicesandopportunities,aviolationofhumandignity.Itmeanslackofbasiccapacitytoparticipateeffectivelyinsociety.Itmeansnothavingenoughtofeedandclotheafamily,nothavingaschoolorclinictogoto,nothavingthelandonwhichtogrowone’sfoodorajobtoearnone’sliving,nothavingaccesstocredit.Itmeansinsecurity,powerlessnessandexclusionofindividuals,householdsandcommunities.Itmeanssusceptibilitytoviolence,anditoftenimplieslivinginfragileenvironments,withoutaccesstocleanwaterorsanitation.6/211.1AbsolutepovertyAbsolutepovertyreferstothedeprivationofbasichumanneeds,whichcommonlyincludesfood,water,sanitation（环境卫生）,clothing,shelter,healthcareandeducation.7/21standard：thedollaradaypovertylineextremepoverty:liveonlessthan$1.25perdaymoderatepoverty:lessthan$2or$5aday(Eachnationhasitsownpovertyline.)WorldBankdatashowsthatthepercentageofthepopulationlivinginhouseholdswithconsumption（消费）orincomeperpersonbelowthepovertylinehasdecreasedineachregionoftheworldsince19901.1Absolutepoverty8/211.1Absolutepoverty9/21Relativepovertyviewspovertyassociallydefinedanddependentonsocialcontext,hencerelativepovertyisameasureofincomeinequality.Usually,relativepovertyismeasuredasthepercentageofpopulationwithincomelessthansomefixedproportionofmedian（中值）income.individualscanbesaidtobeinpovertywhentheylacktheresourcestoobtainthetypesofdiet,participateintheactivitiesandhavethelivingconditionswhicharecustomary,orareatleastwidelyencouragedorapproved,inthesocietiestowhichtheybelong——PeterTownsend1.2relativepoverty10/211.3Thesociologyofpovertyfocus：nature,causes,consequencesofpovertywhypovertyvariesacrosscountries,acrossurbanandruralplaces,andovertime.whysomeindividualsarepoor,scrutinizingthecharacteristicsthatdifferentiatethepoorfromnonpoorpovertyistheresultofthestructuresandinstitutionsofsociety,11/212.problemshealtheducationhousingviolence……12/212.1healthproblemOnethirdofdeathsintheworldareduetopoverty-relatedcausesstarvationmalnutritionInfectiousdiseasehavedisability↓lowerlifeexpectancyASomaliboyreceivingtreatmentformalnutritionatahealthfacility.13/212.2educationeducationalsystemunsafeenvironmentlowresourcesharmfulfamilyspendinghabitshomeactivities,preferences,mannerisms(举止习惯)illnessesPosterofProjecthope14/212.3housingPovertyincreasestheriskofhomelessnessSlum-dwellers(贫民窟居民)streetchildren15/212.4violencehumantraffickingprostitution(卖淫)Inonesurvey,67%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedinnercitiessaidtheyhadwitnessedaseriousassault（攻击）,and33%reportedwitnessingahomicide(杀人).51%offifthgradersfromNewOrleans(medianincomeforahousehold:$27,133)havebeenfoundtobevictimsofviolence,comparedto32%inWashington,DC(meanincomeforahousehold:$40,127)16/213.povertyreductionstrategiescategorizedbasedon:whethertheymakemoreofthebasichumanneedsavailablewhethertheyincreasethedisposableincomeneededtopurchasethoseneeds.Somestrategiescanbothbringaccesstovariousbasicneeds,17/213.povertyreductionstrategiesIncreasingthesupplyofbasicneedsFoodandothergoodsAgriculturaltechnologiesindustrialproductionHealthcareandeducationHealthcaresystem

PrimaryeducationruralNigerianclinics.18/213.povertyreductionstrategiesRemovingconstraintsongovernmentservicesPoliticalcorruption（腐败）Reliefdevelopingcountries'debt19/21Reversingbraindrain（人才流失）ControllingoverpopulationIncreasingpersonalincomeRaisingfarmincomesisdescribedasthecoreoftheantipovertyeffortIncomegrantsGuaranteedminimumincomeSocialsecurityWelfare3.povertyreductionstrategiesAfghangirlbeggingin

Kabul.20/213.povertyreductionstrategiesFinancialservicesMicrofinance

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MicrocreditCultu