新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译

新标准大学英语综合教程4(unitl-6完整版)课后答案及课文翻译

HandoutsandKeytobook4unitl-4

Unit1

Activereading(1)

Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofa

Backgroundinformation

Aboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,

AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2008inTheTimes,a

long-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andin

Britaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumber

ofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseeking

employment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin

2008-2009becausetheeconomicdownturn-thenarecession-meant

thatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,

somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthenthey

foundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldoratthe

leveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnew

graduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobethere

fortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabout

theproblemoriftheyneedhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingwork

inabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethis

ismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartly

ofareport,butalsoofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seen

inthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents).

Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?

UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatly

inthelastfifteenyears(over45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohigher

education),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitive

situationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchand

economicdepression,whichmeant

thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnew

graduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmany

applicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:theywon'tfind

employmentbylyingonthesofaathome.

Culturepoints

Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAand

BSchonoursdegreesareawardedindifferentcategories:afirstclass

degree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwo

subcategories,writtenasIliiandIlii,whicharecalled"atwoone”

and“atwotwo"),athird(writtenIII)andapassdegree.Mostpeople

getasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcourses

ofstudywithoutthesecategories.

Themainideahereisthatthereisasuccession

ofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforce

inNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnamestocharacterize

them.First,“Babyboomers,,wereborninthegreatincrease(theboom)

ofbirthsafterWorldWarII(1946-I960),followedby^GenerationX”

people(born1960-1980)whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeing

independent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsand

haveacareerbeforethem.GenerationYnortheuMillenialGeneration”

(born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium)arenow

makingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobe

spoiltbydotingparents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamwork

anddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthepassage,this

generationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisan

ironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork

-thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosomegraduates,whomayhave

totakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomething

moresuitable."Grunt”alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmanners

andtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt”they

expressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewithwords-thismaybehowthe

parentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!

AreferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecame

popularinthel960s.Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools,,

andmoregeneralusecondarymodern”schoolsforthosewhodidnotpass

thegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolswere

designedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiverse

studentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswho

wenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudy

particularlyhard(Iworkedmybacksideoff)togettouniversity,

comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswere

academic-comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogetto

university.

Thisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhich

makesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,

BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertising

forarestaurantcalledElPolioLoco(TheCrazyChicken,inSpanish)

-thejobmeantthathehadtowalkaroundthestreetslikeachicken

toattractcustomerstocometotherestaurant.

Languagepoints

1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathe

couldeatwellandgototheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para

1)

Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson,suniversityfeesandliving

expenses(sothathecouldeatwell)andforoccasionalsocialevents-

atgraduationthesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgottenbecausethe

parentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecause

thesondoesn,thaveajobanddoesn'tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.

2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamember

ofGenerationGrunt.(Para2)

ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents'generationwho

workedhard,gotjobs,andhadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodo

thesame)haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt-hedoesn't

seemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn,tgetajob(orcanonly

doalowstatusroutingjob).

3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing'too

detachedandtalkinginlanguagethatwas'tootechnocratic,which

Ididn,tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)

Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticized

intheselectioninterviews:Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonally

involved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofatechnicalexpert

orhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhis

expertiseinhislanguagesohecan'tunderstandthiscriticism.

4Fortherestitis9-to-5

6)

Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoods

onasupermarketshelf)chilloutallday(theyspendtheirtimecasually

relaxing-theydon'tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkinthe

evening.

5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagood

university•••(Para6)

Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschool

foracademicstudents)andsohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragood

university:Yourmeansyourbottom-thepartofyourbodythat

yousiton-toisinformalanditmeansyouwork

veryhardindeed.

6…buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheand

herhusbandfindittrickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)

Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalso

workingfull-time),soshedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.

Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).

7Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccount

orsapyourreserveofemotionalenergy.(Para11)

TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.

Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents'money

unnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyandemotions.

Saptheirmeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.

8Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothe

saddle.(Para12)

Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothatthey

getbackintocontroloftheirlives.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

Teachingtips

GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheother

answersarewrong(Seebelow).

1Whyhasn,tJackGoodwingotajobyet?

(a)Hedoesn,thaveaverygooddegree.

(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)

(b)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.

(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)

(c)Itisn,teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.

(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)

(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.

(No,hedoesn,tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:hewatchesTVandtalks

tofriends.)

2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?

(a)Doingatemporaryjob.

(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn,t

wanttodothis.)

(b)Watchingtelevision.

(HewatchesTValot.)

(c)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.

(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn,twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)

(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.

(No,hedoesn,tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)

3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?

(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.

(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)

(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.

(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionof

sailing.)

(c)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.

(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;

theothersseemtobelikeJack.)

(d)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.

(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack'sfriendsseemtodo

thiswork.)

4HowareJack,sparentshelpinghim?

(a)Bylookingforjobsforhim.

(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there'snothinghereabouthis

parentshelpinghimlookforajob.)

(b)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.

(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,the

passagedoesnotsaythatJack'sparentshavepaidforthis.)

(c)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefinanciallyaware.

(Thepassagedoesnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisistheimplicationabout

thecut-offpointafterthetripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentand

contributetothehouseholdbills.)

(d)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.

(No,theyhaven'tthreatenedtodothis,buttheydefinitelywanthim

toworkafterhegetsbackfrom

histrip.)

5WhatdoesGaelLindenfieldsayaboutJack'sparents?

(a)TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack'sproblems.

(No,shedoesn,tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalancebeingpositivewith

notmakinglifetoo

comfortable.Thisdoesn,tmeantheyhaven'tunderstoodJack*sproblems.)

(b)TheyhavemadelifetoocomfortableforJack.

(No,shesaystheymustbalancecomfortwithbeingpositive.Thisdoesn"

tnecessarilymeanthattheyhavealreadymadelifetoocomfortablefor

Jack.)

(c)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.

(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)

(d)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.

(No,shedoesn,tsaythis.)

6WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceWillisandBradPitthaveincommon?

(a)Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.

(No,wedon'tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdidthis.)

(b)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpowerplants.

(No,wedon'tknowisanyofthemdidthis)

(c)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.

(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)

(d)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.

(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadcompletelydifferenttemporary

jobs.)

Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsor

events(proceed)

2theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother

(transition)

3notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotional

way(detached)

4referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(upcoming)

5tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)

6toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)

7tosaywhathappened(recount)

4CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity

3.

Itisn,teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudent

toanunemployedyoungadult(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatching

amindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareerisgoing

to(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodof

inactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refer

tothesamestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegin

tofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlookforajob,

andtendtoregard(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotvery

important.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfouryearsaway,they

(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,

becomedependentagainontheirparents.

5Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthe

box.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.

1Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon,

(comprehensive)

2Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence,(cop)

3HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)

4Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice,

(clutched)

5YoushouldspeaktoToby;he'sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours,

(advocate)

6Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn'tgot

bettercompletely,(healed)

6Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.

1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture?

2Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?

3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)more

activethanusual?

4Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon,

twantto,or(b)helpyoubylisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?

5Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stay

athomeanddonothing?

7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.

1Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayfor

something?

2Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthe

samejourneytogether,or(b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasant

situation?

3Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhere

youstarted,or(b)feelasenseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompleted

something?

4Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakind

andsympatheticway,or(b)inalazywaywithoutmakingadecision?

5Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself

(a)well,or(b)badly?

6Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,

or(b)notcareaboutit?

7Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto

(a)takeresponsibilityagain,or(b)takeiteasy?

8Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineit

carefullyandsensitively,or(b)refertoitquicklyandthenchangethe

subject?

Readingandinterpreting

8Answerthequestions.

1"Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?Whatmooddoes

itexpress?

Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphisaddressedtoparents

(earlieritsays“yourgraduateson").Themoodseemstoexpresspatience

orresignationbecausetheword“ever"suggeststhatgettingajobwill

takealongtime.

2WhodescribesGenerationYasurebelswithoutacause”?Isitafair

description?

Thisisthewriter'sdescriptiontoindicatethatthisgenerationis

rebellingagainstparentsorsociety,buttheyhavenothingparticular

torebelagainst.Thisdoesn,tseemveryfairbecausethestudentsare

tryingtofindwork-itisjustthattheydon,tliketheirparents

naggingthem.Sotheyareabitrebelliousagainsttheirparents,butno

morethanthat.

3Jackuwalkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackout

again”.WhatdoesthissuggestaboutJack,scharacter?

ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoonashesawthequeue

heleftwithoutwaitingandwithouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.

4Jackspentthesummer“hiding”.Hidingfromwhat?Whyarequotation

marksused?

Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,stayingathome

andnotlookingforajob.Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn't

literallyhiding,hejustspentalotoftimeathome.

5HowisMrsGoodwinJspointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonal

experience?

Inonewayherexperiencehasn,taffectedherattitude:Sheleftschool

andwentimmediatelytoajob(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeen

workingfull-timesincethenandyetsheissympatheticandtakesasoft

line.

6HowisLindenfield,spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonal

experience?

Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabarbeforefindingher

firstproperjobasanaerialphotographicassistant.Soshesayssuch

workisagreatnetworkingopportunity.Ifnewgraduatesaregoodatsuch

workandbright,cheerfulandpolite,theywillsoonbepromoted.Her

personalexperiencethusreflects-orperhapshascreated-herpoint

ofview.

7Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedoniftheyhadbeen

presentedfromthepointofviewofthestudentsratherthantheparents?

Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneedforthenew

graduatestorestforabitaftertheirhardstudies.ItisOKforstudents

torelaxwiththeTVortosocializewithfriendsforawhile,thenthey

canstartaserioussearchforemploymentafterthat.

Activereading(2)

Ifyouaskme

Backgroundinformation

Thisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicsgraduatewho

getsajobinapubforayearandthenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful

(aluckybreak).SheworksinaLondonpubcalled“TheSalisburyvor

“TheMarquisSalisburyv,namedaftersomeonewhowastheBritishPrime

Ministerthreetimesbetweenl885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthe

pub'sland.The100yearoldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,justoffthe

CharingCrossRoadandLeicesterSquare.Daytimecustomerscangetapub

lunchandevening

customersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers(thepubisnear

manyWestEndtheatres).Theinteriorofthispubisdazzling,withlarge

mirrors,cutglassandamahoganydecor.Britishpubsareoftennamedafter

famouspeople{RobinHood,TheDukeofWellington)orroyalty(TheQueenf

sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols(TheRoseandCrown

torepresentKingEdwardIII,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesII

whooncehidinalargeoaktree).Othernamesoftenincludecoloursand

animals(TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,TheGoldenLion,TheSwan)or

symbolsoftraditionaltrades(TheCompassesforcarpenters,TheThree

Hammersforblacksmiths,TheThreeTunsforwinemakers).

Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplacetogetadrink,

peopleoftenplaygameslikedominoesordartsorjoinaquizor

competition.Acommonexpressionisto“godownthepub"or“goround

tothelocal”(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).

Culturepoints

pubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegoforadrinkandtomeet

friendsandsocialize.Peoplecanplaygames-suchasdarts,cards,

dominoes-inapubandpubsoftenhavequiznights,withprizesforthe

winners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)

TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(SeealsoBackground

information)

LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguisheduniversityincentralLondon,

famousforsocialsciences.

Languagepoints

1Ifyouaskme,reallifeisnotallit'

Inmyopinion(introducesanopinion),reallifeisnot

everythingthatpeoplesayitis.Ifathing,people

normallypraiseitbutintheopinionofthespeakertheyarewrong.

2spendingmoneywhenyoudon'thaveanyisdeadeasy.(Para7)

heremeansvery.Forexample,wecansay(exhausted),

(acompletelossoruseless),adeadweight(veryheavy,

difficulttolift).

3Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)

Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?Thewriteris

emphasizingherethatsuchkindnessisveryunusual.

4…lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneortwobreaks

inyourlifetosucceed.(Para13)

Aheremeansachancetobesuccessful.Aisanunexpected

opportunity.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

1Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingherdegree?

(a)TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

(b)Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.

(c)Tostartworkingassoonaspossible.

(d)Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.

2WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?

/X

la)

\/Shewashungryandthirsty.

z\

(b)

\zShethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.

zX

(c1

\7Shewasafriendofthelandlord.

z

zd\

(

\7Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.

Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?

)Abunchofflowers.

ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.

Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.

Shedidn,thaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthebills.

didTonygiveher£20,000?

Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp,

Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.

wantedhertoleavethepubandworkforhim.

wassecretlyinlovewithher.

5Whatdidshedowiththemoney?

(a)SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.

(b)Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.

(c)SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandotherinvestors.

(d)Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.

6WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?

z\

(a

\7Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyforawheelchair.

z\

(b

x7Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain.

/e\

(

\7Itprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.

d

z\

(

\7Shepaidbacktheloanwithalotofinterest.

3Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.

Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter's:

1familybackground?

Hermotherhadworkedhardfor15yearstosupporthereducationbut

couldn'taffordanyfurther

support.Herfatherwasn'taroundmostofthetime.Hedidn'thaveany

moneybecausehespentitongamblingondogracingordrinkinginpubs.

2careerasastudent?

Shehadagooddegreeineconomicsandwantedtostudyforamasterscourse

attheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

3ambition?

ShewantedtogetajobinfinanceorinvestmentsinLondonbecausethen

shewouldbeabletouseherdegree.

4appreciationofotherpeople?

SheappreciatedMike'sfriendlinesswithcustomersandhisskill,and

sheappreciatedTonyasaniceperson;latersheappreciatedthetrust

ofTonyandhisfriends

5lovelife?

Wedon'tknowmuchaboutthis,exceptthatshedoesn,tlikeboystohassle

her.Shethinkstheyareimmature.

6financialexpertise?

Itmustbequitegood:Sheinvestedthe£20,000andmadeenoughpro