2021-2022学年北京市西城区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 （解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年北京市西城区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷本试卷共15页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)I.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Wherewouldthewomanliketogoforawalk?A.Aroundthelake.B.Inthepark.C.Onthebeach.2.Whatwillthemanmajorin?A.Hotelmanagement.B.French.C.Computerscience.3.Whendoestheopeningceremonystart?A.At8:20.B.At8:30.C.At9:00.4.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Givingsuggestions.B.Makingacomplaint.C.Askingforhelp.第二节:（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5Whichwalletdoesthewomanbuyforherfather?A.Theonewithadesignontheoutside.B.Theonewithaplacetoputapicture.C.Theonemadeofdarkleather.6.Howmuchdoesthewomanpayforthewallet?A.$50.B.$55.C.$90.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.WhenwillthespeakersmeetatPizzaHouse?A.At12:00pm.B.At3:00pm.C.At7:00pm.8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Ahistoryproject.B.Aweekendplan.C.Anewmovie.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whydoesthemancometothisuniversity?A.Becauseit’sashortdistancefromhishome.B.BecauseheadmiresDr.Leeverymuch.C.Becausehecanstudywhatattractshim.10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Relatives.C.Librarianandreader.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。MorningAnnouncementsApplicationforvolunteering●Readthevolunteer__11__carefully.●Visitthevolunteersitetoregisteranaccount.●Besureto__12__theorganizationcommittee.YangQian’svisit●Listentoalectureabouther__13__experiences.●Haveanopportunitytotake__14__withher.__15__show●Remindparentstoattendtheshow.●Votetodecidetheultimatechampion.II.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mymotherlooksjustlikemanygrandmothers—shortandwhite-haired.Shecomesfromanold,traditionalfamilyinCanada,whereshenowstilllives.Shewasacivilservant.Inshort,shedidn’tdo___1___things.Thatallchangedafewyearsago.Shebeganto___2___mewithwhatshedescribedas“independence”.Atthattime,Ididn’tfullyunderstandwhatshewasdoing.Inearly2015,theyearsheturned75,sheinformedmeshe’d___3___aseven-nighttriptoTurkey,andthatshewasgoingalone.TherewasnowayIcould___4___that.AlittleoldladynotspeakingawordofTurkish,withno___5___ofthelawsandcustomsoftheland—itwasimpossible!Mymotherpaidnoattentiontome.Offshewent.Whenshereturned,shetoldusithadbeenawonderfulsuccess.Asit___6___,shehadbarelyspentanytimealone,after___7___ataxidrivertoshowheraround.Heintroducedhertoarugvendor(地毯商)—Mustafa,“alovelyfellow”,andsheboughtsomerugs.Thevendorhadtakenheraddressdetailsandpromisedto___8___themtoCanada.Icouldn’tbelievehernaivety(幼稚)andexplainedthatshehadbeen___9___.Thevendorhadhermoney.Sheneitherhadnorwouldbereceivinganyrugs.Well,Iwas_____10_____.Tomygreatshock,herrugsdidarrivesomeweekslater,alongwithalovelynotefromMustafa.Tomyevengreatersurprise,thefollowingyearMustafahimselfarrivedinCanada.“Iinvitedhimforacupofteaandhecame,”mymothertoldme.Iwas_____11_____becauseshehardlyknewthisman!Butagain,shepaidlittleattentiontome,tellingmetostopbeingsilly.Iwondered:“Isshenotthinkingstraight?”_____12_____Iworriedabouther,Mumwasthinkingstraighterthanmostofus.Her_____13_____seemedtobebasedonarealizationthatlifeneedstobelived,whenthere’srelativelylittleofitleft.It_____14_____meoftheline“Getbusylivingorgetbusydying.”Idon’tthinkMumknowswhathernextbig“thing”isgoingtobe.ButIamsure,sheisopentoany_____15_____,whichissomethingweallprobablyneedrightnow.Livelifetothefullest.1.A.complex B.crazy C.boring D.rude2.A.surprise B.amuse C.comfort D.attract3.A.missed B.taken C.offered D.booked4.A.allow B.demand C.remember D.cancel5.A.intention B.knowledge C.view D.fear6.A.turnedout B.cametrue C.madesense D.wentahead7.A.training B.leading C.hiring D.refusing8.A.invite B.sell C.switch D.ship9.A.dominated B.ignored C.cheated D.abandoned10.A.right B.lucky C.serious D.wrong11.A.frightened B.depressed C.disappointed D.ashamed12.A.If B.Since C.While D.Once13.A.promotion B.interaction C.independence D.preference14.A.cured B.warned C.informed D.reminded15.A.pleasure B.adventure C.freedom D.beauty【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B6.A7.C8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.D15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了母亲在退休以后更勇敢地生活的故事，具体体现在更加敢于冒险，敢于信任陌生人等。呼吁读者生命就是用来过的。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，她不做疯狂的事情。A.complex复杂的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.boring无聊的；D.rude粗鲁的。根据“Shewasacivilservant.”和后文母亲一个人去陌生的国家旅行可知，母亲以前不这样，不做看起来疯狂的事情，故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始用她称之为“独立”的东西使我震惊。A.surprise使惊讶；B.amuse逗乐；C.comfort安慰；D.attract吸引。根据“Atthattime,Ididn’tfullyunderstandwhatshewasdoing.”和后文母亲一个人独自国外旅行并先付钱预购当地产品的这些行为都让作者不解可知，作者对母亲的行为感到惊讶，故选A项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她通知我她要参加土耳其七天之旅，她要一个人去。A.missed错过，想念；B.taken拿、做；C.offered主动做；D.booked预定。短语takeatrip意为“去旅行”，故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能允许那件事。A.allow允许；B.demand要求；C.remember记得；D.cancel取消。根据“therewasnoway（没门）”可知，作者不允许母亲一个人去国外旅行，故选A项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个完全不会说土耳其语、对那里的法律和风俗不了解的老太太那是不可能的。A.intention意图；B.knowledge知识；C.view观点；D.fear害怕。短语havenoknowledgeof“不懂”，根据语境完全不会说土耳其语，自然而然对那个国家的了解几乎没有，故选B项。【6题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这次旅行的结果就是，在她雇佣了一个巴士司机给他带路以后，她大部分时候都没有自己一个人。A.turnedout证明是、原来是、结果是；B.cametrue实现；C.madesense有意义；D.wentahead着手，前进。根据上下文语境可知，此处是作者陈述母亲这次旅行的结果，故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行的结果就是，在她雇佣了一个巴士司机给他带路以后，她大部分时候都没有自己一个人。A.training培训；B.leading带领；C.hiring雇佣；D.refusing拒绝。根据语境，出国旅行时，雇佣一个司机是很常见的事情，故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个小贩记下了她的详细地址并承诺将他们运送到加拿大。A.invite邀请；B.sell卖；C.switch转换；D.ship运输。根据常识，商品跨国交易通常需要运输，故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法相信她的幼稚并向她解释她被骗了。A.dominated主导；B.ignored忽视；C.cheated欺骗；D.abandoned抛弃。根据前文可知母亲在没收到货物的情况下就支付了钱，作者认为她被骗了，故选C项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好吧，我错了。A.right正确的；B.lucky幸运的；C.serious严肃的；D.wrong错误的。根据后句母亲收到了她买的物品可知，作者知道自己的判断是错误的。故选D项。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他几乎不了解这个男人，我感到害怕。A.frightened害怕的；B.depressed沮丧的、消沉的；C.disappointed失望的；D.ashamed感到羞耻的。根据语境母亲对那个男人不怎么了解就邀请他来家里喝咖啡，这令作者感到恐惧，故选A项。【12题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我为她担心的时候，妈妈比我们大多数人都想得更清楚。A.If如果，是否；B.Since既然；C.While尽管，当……；D.Once一旦。根据上文“Iwondered:“Isshenotthinkingstraight?””和下文“lifeneedstobelived”可知，作者在担心母亲思维不清晰的时候，其实母亲比任何人都想的清楚明白。故选C项。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的独立似乎基于一种意识，那就是生命是用来过的，尤其当所剩无几时。A.promotion促进，升值；B.interaction互动；C.independence独立；D.preference偏好。母亲的种种行为都根据自己的想法，不受任何人干扰，这是独立的表现，前文母亲自己也提到过，故选C项。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：这让我想起一句话“忙着生活忙着死去”。A.cured治愈；B.warned警告；C.informed通知；D.reminded提醒。短语remindsbofsth提醒某人某事，符合语义逻辑，故选D项。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我敢肯定，她对任何冒险都是持开放态度。A.pleasure乐趣；B.adventure冒险；C.freedom自由；D.beauty美，美人。结合语境可知，母亲做的一些大胆行为在作者看来是冒险，故选B项。III.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWe’veallseenit,perhapswithoutevennoticingit—thediamond-shapedpatch(补丁)onbackpacksthatseems,atbest,someone’sstrangeideaofadesignfeature.Butitprovesthatthepatchisactuallyveryusefulforstayingorganised.Theslotted(有开槽的)patch,whichistypicallyfoundonthefrontofbackpacks,iscalleda“lashtab”,andismadetoholdyourspareclothingonropes.Forhikersandbackpackers,thatmightmeanhangingitemsthatyouoftenreachfor,suchasawaterbottle,andforemployeescarryingabackpacktotheoffice,itmightmeanhangingheadphonesorelectronicchargersthroughtheslotforeasyaccess.Lashtabsonceappearedonlyonbackpackscreatedforadventuresinthegreatoutdoors,butinrecentyearsithasbecomeanimportantpartonavarietyofbackpackstyles.TheblogCarryologyreportsthatlashtabswereoncea“leatherpatchthatletyoupassabitofwebbingthroughittofastenitemstoyourpack”.Sincethen,thetabshavebeenadaptedusingmanydifferentstylesandmaterials.Ifyourbackpackcomeswithoutthetabsandnowyoudon’tknowhowyou’lllivewithoutthem,you’llberelievedtolearnthatthestylingoflashtabshasbecomesopopularthatyoucannowpurchaseyourownandattachthemtoyourfavouritebackpack.Thetabcanalsoproveusefulfortravellers,asyoucaneventhreadthelacesofshoesthroughthetabtoletthemhangoffyourpack,givingyouextraspaceinyourcheckedluggageorcarry-on.16.Accordingtothepassage,somebackpackshavelashtabsto_________.A.carrymoreitems B.lookmorebeautifulC.showadesignfeature D.drawpeople’sattention17.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatlashtabs_________.A.aredesignedonlyforoutdooradventurersB.havebeendevelopedintovariousstylesC.canbedesignedbytheusersD.areallmadeofleather18.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tooffercomments. B.Togiveadvice.C.Tomakerecommendations. D.Toprovideinformation.【答案】16.A17.B18.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了背包饰片所在的位置、它的样式以及作用。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theslotted(有开槽的)patch,whichistypicallyfoundonthefrontofbackpacks,iscalleda“lashtab”,andismadetoholdyourspareclothingonropes.Forhikersandbackpackers,thatmightmeanhangingitemsthatyouoftenreachfor,suchasawaterbottle,andforemployeescarryingabackpacktotheoffice,itmightmeanhangingheadphonesorelectronicchargersthroughtheslotforeasyaccess.”（这种开槽的补丁通常位于背包的正面，被称为“饰片”，用来把你的备用衣物绑在绳子上。对于远足者和背包客来说，那可能意味着挂上你经常伸手拿的物品，比如水瓶；对于背着背包去办公室的员工来说，它可能意味着通过插槽挂上耳机或电子充电器，以便于取用。）可知，一些背包上有饰片，是为了携带更多的物品。故选A项。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheblogCarryologyreportsthatlashtabswereoncea“leatherpatchthatletyoupassabitofwebbingthroughittofastenitemstoyourpack”.Sincethen,thetabshavebeenadaptedusingmanydifferentstylesandmaterials.”（博客Carryology报道说，饰片曾经是一个“皮革贴片，可以让你通过一点织带将物品固定在背包上”。从那时起，标签已经使用许多不同的样式和材料进行了调整。）可知，饰片已经发展成各种不同风格。故选B项。【18题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了饰片的位置、样式以及作用，所以写作文章的目的是提供饰片的相关信息。故选D项。BWhenseniorleadersattoymakerLegofirstlearnedthatadultswerebuyinglargequantitiesoftheirplasticbricksandgettingtogethertobuildLegocreationsoftheirown,“theythoughtitwasverystrange,”saysSmith-Meyer.“Beforethelate1990s,thecompanydidn’tthinktheiradultfanshadvalue,”saysSmith-Meyer.“Leadershipactuallythoughtadultswerehavinganegativeimpactonthebrand.”Thankstoahandfulofemployeeswhoworkedtochangeattitudesinsidethecompany,gonearethedayswhenlabelsonLegoboxesstatedthatthecontentswereappropriateonlyforchildrenages7to12.Lego’snewestmarketingmottois“AdultsWelcome.”TodayLegoistheworld’slargestandmostprofitabletoymaker.TheenthusiasmandbuyingpowerofadultfansofLegoplayedamajorroleinthecompany’srisetothetop.Butinsiderssaytheroadfrom“kidsonly”to“adultswelcome”wasalong,uphillclimb.LegofounderOleKirkKristiansenalwaysknewhewantedtomarkethisproductscompletelytokids.WhenKristiansenstartedTheLegoGroupin1932,hemadewoodentoysthatwereintendedforchildren.In1946,hebeganmakingplastictoys.In1958,heandhissondevelopedthefirstcouplingbricks,thebasicdesignofwhichhasn’tchangedmuchovertheyears.They’reevenusedtogetherwithbricksmadetoday.Asthecompanygrewoveritsfirstsixdecades,fewimaginedthatitsproductscouldattractasmanyadultsaschildren.Thenattitudesbegantoshiftinthelate1990sandearly2000swhenLegoposteditsfirst-everlossin1998.By2003,whenitreporteda$238millionloss,thecompanywaslookingseriouslyatbankruptcy(破产).“ThosewereLego’sdarkdays,”McKeesays.Inthewakeofthecrisis,“EveryonesuddenlywantedtoseewhatdesignsI’dbeenworkingonwithadultfans,”McKeesays.InAugust2005,whenLegoCEOJorgenVigKnudstorpattendedafanmeeting,hesawforhimselftheseaofadultsupporters.“Iseeafuturewherewewillbeworkingmorecloselytogether,”herecalls.Theboomingpartnershipwouldeventuallyproducesomeofthecompany’smostpopularandprofitablethemes,includingLegoCreatorandLego’sAmbassadorNetwork,andthecompany’sfirst-everofficialfanconference:2021’sLegoCon.“Legousedtotreattheiradultcustomerslikegoods;today,theytreatthemlikepartners,”McKeesays.19.WhatdidOleKirkKristiansendoin1932?A.Hedevelopedthefirstcouplingbricks. B.Heandhissoninventedwoodentoys.C.Hebeganmakingplastictoys. D.Hesetuphistoycompany.20.Legochangeditsattitudetowardsitsadultfanswhenthecompany________.A.wasfacedwithabusinesscrisis B.startedtreatingthemlikegoodsC.gotfinancialsupportfromthem D.founditsproductslessattractivetokids21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Legowasforcedtoreplacewoodentoyswithplasticones.B.Lego’sbasicdesignofthefirstcouplingbricksarestillinuse.C.Lego’spartnershipwithgiftedkidsproducedpopularthemes.D.Legohastargetedadultsaspotentialcustomerssinceitwasfounded.22.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theworld’slargestandmostprofitabletoymaker.B.Lego’sshiftfrom“kidsonly”to“adultswelcome”.C.Lego’sdarkdaysofthecreationofplastictoys.DThebriefbutawesomehistoryofLego.【答案】19.D20.A21.B22.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了乐高集团在成立之初是制造玩具卖给儿童的，经历商业危机之后，乐高开始将成年顾客当作伙伴对待，从“只欢迎儿童”到“欢迎成年人”。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“WhenKristiansenstartedTheLegoGroupin1932,hemadewoodentoysthatwereintendedforchildren.”（当克里斯蒂安森在1932年创办乐高集团时，他制作了供儿童使用的木制玩具。）可知，克里斯蒂安森在1932年创办了他的玩具公司——乐高集团。故选D项。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Asthecompanygrewoveritsfirstsixdecades,fewimaginedthatitsproductscouldattractasmanyadultsaschildren.Thenattitudesbegantoshiftinthelate1990sandearly2000swhenLegoposteditsfirst-everlossin1998.”（随着该公司在前60年的发展，很少有人想到它的产品能吸引像儿童一样多的成年人。然后，人们的态度在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初开始转变，乐高在1998年首次出现亏损。）可知，当公司首次出现亏损、面临商业危机时，乐高集团改变了对于成年粉丝的态度。故选A项。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“In1958,heandhissondevelopedthefirstcouplingbricks,thebasicdesignofwhichhasn’tchangedmuchovertheyears.They’reevenusedtogetherwithbricksmadetoday.”（1958年，他和他的儿子开发了第一个耦合砖，其基本设计多年来没有太大变化。它们甚至与今天制作的砖块一起使用。）可知，乐高集团的第一个耦合砖的基本设计在今天仍然被使用。故选B项。【22题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了乐高集团在成立之初是制造玩具卖给儿童的，经历商业危机之后，乐高开始将成年顾客当作伙伴对待，从“只欢迎儿童”到“欢迎成年人”。故选B项。CManychildren’shospitalsalreadyhavestorytellingprogrammesthataimtocheeruppatients.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatstorytellingalsohasphysiologicalbenefits.“Untilnow,thepositiveevidenceforstorytellingwasbasedon‘commonsense’thatinteractingwiththechildmaydistract,entertainandreducepsychologicalsuffering,”saidDrJorgeMoll,ofD’OrInstituteforResearchandEducation(IDOR),Brazil.“Buttherewasalackofasolidscientificbasis.”“Duringstorytelling,somethinghappensthatwecall‘narrativetransportation’.Thechild,throughfantasy,canexperiencesensationsandthoughtsthattransporthimorhertoanotherworld,aplacethatisdifferentfromthehospitalroom,andis,therefore,farfromtheunpleasantconditionsofhospitalization,”saysGuilhermeBrockington.Theteam,basedatIDORandtheFederalUniversityofABC,Brazil,studied81childrenbetweentheagesoftwoandseven,allofwhomwereintheintensivecareunit(ICU)atahospitalinSãoPaulo.Agroupof41childreneachhadasessionwithastoryteller,lasting25to30minutes.Acontrolgroupof40childreneachhadthesameamountoftimewiththesameprofessionals,buttheytoldriddlesinstead.Beforeandafterthesessions,theteamtooksalivasamplesfromeachchildandassessedtheirpainlevel.Thesalivasamplesallowedtheresearcherstomeasurelevelsofthehormonecortisol,whichisrelatedtostress,andthehormoneoxytocin,whichplaysaroleinempathy.Bothgroupsofchildrenbenefitedfromthesessions:theyallhadlesscortisolandmoreoxytocinintheirsaliva,suggestingtheywerelessstressed,andtheyreportedlesspainanddiscomfort.However,theresultsweretwiceasstrongforthestorytellinggroupasthecontrolgroup.Attheendofthesessions,thechildrenalsotookpartinaword-associationexerciseincludingwordslike‘hospital’,‘nurse’and‘doctor’.Theteamsaidthatchildrenfromthecontrolgroupsaid“thisisthebadwomanwhocomestogivemeaninjection”inresponsetothepicturesofadoctororanurse,whilethestorytellinggroupsaid“thisisthewomanwhocomestocureme”.“IconsiderthisstudytobeoneofthemostimportantIhaveparticipatedin,duetoitspotentialdirectimpactonpracticesinthehospitalenvironment,aimingatthereliefofhumansuffering.Weintendtosupportvolunteeringdevotedtothenobleactivityofstorytelling,nowwithmoresolidscientificevidence,”saidMoll.23.Accordingtothepassage,“narrativetransportation”indicateschildren_______.A.feelthattheyareplacedintotheworldofastoryB.fireuptheirimaginationandexpandtheirhorizonsC.havemoreempathywiththecharactersinthestoriesD.experiencetheunpleasantconditionsofhospitalization24.InPara.3,theauthormainlytellsthereadersabout_______.A.theapplicationoftheresearch B.thepurposeoftheresearchC.thelimitationoftheresearch D.theprocessoftheresearch25.Howdoestheauthorpresentthefindingsoftheresearch?A.Bymakingcomparisons. B.Bygivingdefinitions.C.Bypresentingexamples. D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.26.Whichofthefollowingmaybetheresponsefromthestorytellinggroup?A.AhospitalistheplacewhereIgowhenI’mverysick.B.AhospitalistheplacewhereIgetaninjectioninmyarm.C.AhospitalistheplacewhereIamtakencareoftofeelbetter.D.AhospitalistheplacewhereI’llhavetotakesomemedicine.【答案】23.B24.D25.A26.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了许多儿童医院已经有了讲故事的节目，旨在让病人开心起来。但新的研究表明，讲故事也有生理上的好处。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thechild,throughfantasy,canexperiencesensationsandthoughtsthattransporthimorhertoanotherworld,aplacethatisdifferentfromthehospitalroom,andis,therefore,farfromtheunpleasantconditionsofhospitalization(通过幻想，孩子可以体验到把他或她带到另一个世界的感觉和思想，一个与医院病房不同的地方，因此远离不愉快的住院条件)”可知，“narrativetransportation”指的是儿童激发他们的想象力和扩大他们的视野。故选B。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theteam,basedatIDORandtheFederalUniversityofABC,Brazil,studied81childrenbetweentheagesoftwoandseven,allofwhomwereintheintensivecareunit(ICU)atahospitalinSãoPaulo.Agroupof41childreneachhadasessionwithastoryteller,lasting25to30minutes.Acontrolgroupof40childreneachhadthesameamountoftimewiththesameprofessionals,buttheytoldriddlesinstead.Beforeandafterthesessions,theteamtooksalivasamplesfromeachchildandassessedtheirpainlevel.Thesalivasamplesallowedtheresearcherstomeasurelevelsofthehormonecortisol,whichisrelatedtostress,andthehormoneoxytocin,whichplaysaroleinempathy.(该研究小组位于巴西IDOR和巴西ABC联邦大学，研究了81名年龄在2到7岁之间的儿童，他们都在SãoPaulo的一家医院的重症监护病房。一组有41名儿童，每个人都有一个讲故事的人，持续25到30分钟。对照组的40个孩子和同样的专业人士在一起的时间是一样的，但他们说的是谜语。在测试前后，研究小组从每个孩子身上提取了唾液样本，并评估了他们的疼痛程度。唾液样本使研究人员能够测量与压力有关的皮质醇激素和催产素激素的水平，催产素在移情作用中发挥作用)”可知，第三段主要说明了研究的过程。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However,theresultsweretwiceasstrongforthestorytellinggroupasthecontrolgroup.Attheendofthesessions,thechildrenalsotookpartinaword-associationexerciseincludingwordslike‘hospital’,‘nurse’and‘doctor’.Theteamsaidthatchildrenfromthecontrolgroupsaid“thisisthebadwomanwhocomestogivemeaninjection”inresponsetothepicturesofadoctororanurse,whilethestorytellinggroupsaid“thisisthewomanwhocomestocureme”.(然而，讲故事组的结果是对照组的两倍。在课程结束时，孩子们还参加了单词联想练习，包括“医院”、“护士”和“医生”等单词。研究小组表示，对照组的孩子看到医生或护士的照片后会说“这是来给我打针的坏女人”，而讲故事组的孩子则说“这是来给我治病的女人”)”可推知，作者通过比较展示研究结果。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Theteamsaidthatchildrenfromthecontrolgroupsaid“thisisthebadwomanwhocomestogivemeaninjection”inresponsetothepicturesofadoctororanurse,whilethestorytellinggroupsaid“thisisthewomanwhocomestocureme”.(研究小组表示，对照组孩子看到医生或护士的照片后会说“这是来给我打针的坏女人”，而讲故事组的孩子则说“这是来给我治病的女人”)”可推知，“医院是我被照顾的地方，让我感觉更好”可能是来自讲故事小组的反应。故选C。DWeoftenworktosavethemostcharismatic(有超凡魅力的)speciesintheworld.Isittimetothinkbeyondpandasandtigers?TakeagoodlookattheAmericanburyingbeetle.Todayitisassessedascriticallyendangered.Likethetiger,thebeetleisorangeandblack;likethetiger,thebeetleisdecreasinginnumber.Thetigerisaninstantlyrecognizablesymbolofspeciesconservation,butmostpeoplearen’tfamiliarwiththebeetle.Thisphenomenoniscalledthedominationofflagshipspecieswhereorganizationsusecharismaticorganisms(生物)suchastigerstoincreasesupportandfundingforconservation.That’slargelybecausehumansareattractedtolarge-bodiedanimalswithforward-facingeyes,humanliketraitsthatmakesuchspeciesmorerelatable.Asaresult,manylesswell-knownorganismsfailtogetthesupportandfundingtoensuretheirsurvivaleventhoughtheyplayanimportantroleintheecosystem.Whichspeciescouldbesaved?Theymaynotcharmuswithfuzzypawsandpuppydogeyes,butmanyignoredspeciesdeservesomelove.Theworldneedstobetterrecognizethecontributionsoftheseunderdogsratherthan“onlyspendingmoneyoncoolspecies,”saysconservationscientistBobSmith.Isuspectthatmostofuswhocareaboutanimalscouldagreeonthis:Charismaisintheeyeofthebeholder.Inthatcase,can’twebroadenthelistofanimalsconsideredpopularandevenbeautiful?UniversityofKentconservationistBobSmithsayswecan—andthere’sanameforthem:Cinderellaspecies.Thesearemostlythreatenedanimalsthatarestillverypopularwiththepublicyetaretypicallyoverlookedasflagships.Smithisconvincedthat“lesswell-knownandlesspopularspeciescanstillbegoodflagshipswithmoremarketingeffort.”Inarecentstudy,Smithsettledanothermythaboutposteranimals:thattheydon’thelppublicizetheworld’smostspecies-richandthreatenedplaces.Aprioritization(优先次序)modelSmithcreatedshowedthatthemostimportantconservationhotspotsworldwidealsoarehometomorethan500flagshipandCinderellaspecies,andthatdrawingmoreattentiontoCinderellaspeciescouldboostfundingandpubliccampaignsforhabitatprotection.Let’sbeclear,though:It’sstillOKtorootforpandasandtigers.“ThereasonIgotintoconservationisthatIlikedthesespecies,”Smithsays.“Thatisfairenough.Butit’sourjobasconservationiststotrytoinspirepeopletoloveotherspeciestoo.”27.Accordingtothepassage,peopleareunfamiliarwiththeAmericanburyingbeetlemainlybecause________.A.itiscriticallyendangered B.itisdecreasinginnumberC.itisnotaflagshipspecies D.itisnotinstantlyrecognizable28.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat________.A.CinderellaspecieshavemadethreatenedspecieswellknownB.CinderellaspeciesarepopularbutignoredendangeredanimalsC.flagshipspecieshaveraisedenoughfundsforendangeredorganismsD.flagshipspeciesandCinderellaspeciesusuallyliveinthesameareas29.Theunderlinedphrase“rootfor”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.takecontrolof B.getclosetoC.showsupportfor D.checkupon30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.It’sTimetoStudyCinderellaSpeciesB.WhoShouldDecideWhichSpeciestoSave?C.DoFlagshipSpeciesHelporHurtConservation?D.ConservationCan’tJustBeaPopularityContest【答案】27.C28.B29.C30.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要分析了一些劣势物种的保护没得到重视的原因，并呼吁不要用人气来决定物种的保护与否。【27题详解】细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Thisphenomenoniscalledthedominationofflagshipspecieswhereorganizationsusecharismaticorganisms(生物)suchastigerstoincreasesupportandfundingforconservation.”（这种现象被称为旗舰物种主导，各组织使用如老虎这样有超凡魅力的生物来提升支持和保护资金。）可知，beetles不被人们所熟知是因它不是旗舰物种，故选C项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段倒数第二句“Thesearemostlythreatenedanimalsthatarestillverypopularwiththepublicyetaretypicallyoverlookedasflagships.”（这些大部分是处于威胁中的动物，他们仍受大众欢迎但是人们通常忽视了它们也是旗舰物种）可知，辛德瑞拉物种是受欢迎但是被忽视的旗舰物种，故选B项。【29题详解】词义推测题。最后一段第一句“Let’sbeclear,though:It’sstillOKtorootforpandasandtigers.”（但是，让我们理清一点。我们rootfor猫和老虎是没问题的）最后一句“Butit’sourjobasconservationiststotrytoinspirepeopletoloveotherspeciestoo.”（但是作为保护者，我们也要努力鼓励人们爱其他物种）可知，作者呼吁人们除了熊猫和老虎，也要爱护、支持其他物种。由此可知，划线部分意为“支持”。故选C项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容，尤其最后一句“Theworldneedstobetterrecognizethecontributionsoftheseunderdogsratherthan“onlyspendingmoneyoncoolspecies,”saysconservationscientistBobSmith.”（世界需要更好地认识到这些弱势群体的贡献，而不是‘只把钱花在酷物种上’，物种保护科学家BobSmith说）可知，文章多处提到一些物种的保护不被重视是因为他们不是旗舰物种并希望这种现状可以被改变，D选项的“ConservationCan’tJustBeaPopularityContest”（保护不能成为一个人气竞赛）符合文章主题，故选D项。第Ⅱ卷（共65分）I.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子,每个单词只能用一次。significantbenefitanxiousappearadvertisementcomfortnovel31.Thetwinsarealikebothin______andincharacter.32.Sitinthesofa,enjoybeautifulmusicandmakeyourself______.33.Exercisingregularlyandeatingappropriatelyare______toourhealth.34.TheteacherencouragesustoreadEnglish______toexpandourvocabulary.35.Hervoicewasfullof______whenshelearnthermomwassenttothehospital.36.Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomersandmarketyourproducts,tryto______inthelocalpaper.37.Students’academicperformanceandphysicalhealthhavebeenimproved______sincethenewpolicywascarriedout.【答案】31.appearance32.comfortable33.beneficial34.novels35.anxiety36.advertise37.significantly【解析】【31题详解】考查名词。句意：这对双胞胎在外貌和性格上都很相似。根据句意可知，此处用抽象名词appearance(外貌)做介词in的宾语，和介词短语incharacter语法上并列。故填appearance。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：坐在沙发上，欣赏优美的音乐，让自己感到舒适。makesb.+形容词（作宾补），形容词comfortable(舒适的)作宾补。符合句意。故填comfortable。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：经常锻炼和适当饮食对我们的健康有益。根据句意可知，形容词beneficial(有益的)作表语，bebeneficialto…(对……有益)。故填beneficial。【34题详解】考查名词的数。句意：老师鼓励我们读英语小说以扩大词汇量。名词复数novels(小说)表泛指，做动词read的宾语。符合句意。故填novels。35题详解】考查名词。句意：当她得知母亲被送进医院时，她的声音充满了焦虑。抽象名词anxiety(焦虑)作介词of的宾语。符合句意。故填anxiety。【36题详解】考查动词原形。句意：如果你想吸引更多的顾客并推销你的产品，尽力在当地报纸上登广告。trytodosth.(尽力干某事)，该空用动词原形形式，动词advertise(做广告)符合句意。故填advertise。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：新政策实施以来，学生的学习成绩和身体健康有了显著改善。此处用副词significantly(显著地)作状语，修饰动词improve。故填significantly。II.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。38.Justimagine