冲刺2025年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（新高考）大题预测03 阅读理解说明文+语法填空(二)(解析版)

大题预测03阅读理解说明文+语法填空(二)阅读理解说明文Passage（1）【湖南省长沙四大名校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Afewweeksago,awell-meaningprofessortriedtoexplainthephysiologicalprocessbehindvirusesandthehumanbodyinatweet(推特)andwasimmediatelycriticizedforamistakeinhisinformation.Hethenissuedanapologyanddeletedhiserroneoustweet.Communicatingsciencebeyondtheacademicbubbleisnecessarytoboostpublicunderstandingofhealthandenvironmentalissuesandhelpingindividualsmakewell-informedpersonaldecisions.However,scientistswhoengageinsciencecommunicationmustacknowledgethatevenintheirarea,theirexpertiseisdeepbutnarrow.Theyneedtorecognizetherestrictionsintheirownknowledge.Thatisnottosuggestthattheyonlywriteorpresentontheirownresearch,butrather,thattheyconsultwithanexpertifthetopicisoutsideoftheirdiscipline.Fact-checkingwithascientistwhoworksinthespecialtywillpreventtheunintentionalspreadofmisinformation,andtheprocessofdoingsomayyieldtinypiecesofinterestingnewinformationthatcanbeincorporated.Somehavearguedthatthepublicisnoteducatedenoughtounderstandscientificinformation,especiallyforanycomplexphenomena,butthisisabsurd.Scienceinstructioncanbefoundatalllevelsofpubliceducationwithmostsecondaryschoolsofferingclassesonbiology,physics,andchemistry.Ifanything,socialmediahasshownthatthepubliclongsforknowledgebasedonasolidscientificfoundation.Eventhepublicdiscourse(话语)thatfollowsmostscientificarticlesshowsthatonlinereaderscanunderstandeventhemostpuzzlingofscientificprinciples.Itisequallynecessarytoemphasizethatbeinganexpertonatopicdoesnotautomaticallymakeascholarqualifiedtocommunicateittoanonscientificaudience.Anumberofscientistsrecentlyhavebeenofferingpublic-aimedexplanationsofscientificphenomena.Eventhoughtheyhaveappropriatetitles,theyoftendoverylittleinthewayofexplaining.Onebiologistsharedacomplexanalogy(类比)involvingalibrary,books,paper,arecipe,ingredients,andacaketoexplaintheprocessbehindvaccines.Anyexplanationthatrequiresawrittenkeytokeeptrackofwhateachitemrepresentsisnotaclearexampleforpublicconsumption.Sciencecommunicationisascienceinandofitself.Itrequiresrigoroustrainingandinstruction.Ascientistshouldtakecommunicationcoursesthatcanteachapersonhowtoidentifyandeliminatejargon(术语)andhowtodevelopeffectiveanalogiestoexplaincomplexconcepts.Onecannotassumecommunicationexpertise—imagineifsomeonejustdecidedthattheywereaphysicistandstartedtryingtocontributetothefieldwithoutthenecessarybackground.Doingapoorjobcommunicatingsciencetothepublicwillonlycreateconfusionandwidenthegapbetweenscienceandsociety,agapthatscientistsaretryingtoclose.12．Whatdoestheauthoradvisescientistsdotodealwithtopicsoutsideoftheirspecialty?A．Explorethemfromnewangles. B．Turntoprofessionalsforhelp.C．Useinformationfromdiversesources. D．Double-checkwithcolleaguesintheirfield.13．Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinparagraph4?A．Thepublic’sunderstandingofscienceismuchbetterthansomehaveclaimed.B．Scientificarticleshavegainedincreasingpopularityamongthegeneralpublic.C．Moderntechnologyhasfacilitatedcommunicationbetweenscientistsandthepublic.D．Asolidacademicfoundationisessentialtounderstandingpuzzlingscientificprinciples.14．Whatdoestheexampleofthebiologistsharingacomplexanalogyshow?A．Itisvitaltohaveappropriatetitlestoexplainscientificissues.B．Itishelpfultouseillustrationsinexplainingscientificphenomena.C．Alearnedscholarisnotnecessarilyaqualifiedsciencecommunicator.D．Anonscientificaudiencecannotcorrectlyunderstandprinciplesofscience.15．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestscientistsdotobridgethegapbetweenscienceandsociety?A．Developcommunicationskills. B．Takecoursesinpublicspeaking.C．Makeappropriateuseofscientificterms. D．Explaincomplexconceptsscientifically.【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了科学家在向公众传播科学知识时面临的挑战、必要性以及如何提高传播效果，提出了科学家需要认识到自己知识的局限性、及公众对科学知识的渴望、科学家需要具备有效的沟通技巧等观点。12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyneedtorecognizetherestrictionsintheirownknowledge.Thatisnottosuggestthattheyonlywriteorpresentontheirownresearch,butrather,thattheyconsultwithanexpertifthetopicisoutsideoftheirdiscipline.(他们需要认识到自己知识的局限性。这并不是说他们只能撰写或介绍自己的研究成果，而是说，如果话题超出了他们的学科范围，他们应该咨询相关专家)”可知，作者认为当科学家遇到超出了他们的学科范围的话题时，他们应该咨询相关专家。故选B。13．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Somehavearguedthatthepublicisnoteducatedenoughtounderstandscientificinformation,especiallyforanycomplexphenomena,butthisisabsurd.Scienceinstructioncanbefoundatalllevelsofpubliceducationwithmostsecondaryschoolsofferingclassesonbiology,physics,andchemistry.Ifanything,socialmediahasshownthatthepubliclongsforknowledgebasedonasolidscientificfoundation.Eventhepublicdiscourse(话语)thatfollowsmostscientificarticlesshowsthatonlinereaderscanunderstandeventhemostpuzzlingofscientificprinciples.(一些人认为公众没有受到足够的教育来理解科学信息，特别是对于任何复杂的现象，但这是荒谬的。在各级公共教育中都有科学教学，大多数中学开设生物、物理和化学课程。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是社交媒体表明了公众对建立在坚实科学基础上的知识的渴望。即使是大多数科学文章后面的公共话语也表明，在线读者甚至可以理解最令人费解的科学原理)”可知，第四段主要说明了公众对科学的理解比一些人声称的要好得多。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据第五段“Itisequallynecessarytoemphasizethatbeinganexpertonatopicdoesnotautomaticallymakeascholarqualifiedtocommunicateittoanonscientificaudience.Anumberofscientistsrecentlyhavebeenofferingpublic-aimedexplanationsofscientificphenomena.Eventhoughtheyhaveappropriatetitles,theyoftendoverylittleinthewayofexplaining.Onebiologistsharedacomplexanalogy(类比)involvingalibrary,books,paper,arecipe,ingredients,andacaketoexplaintheprocessbehindvaccines.Anyexplanationthatrequiresawrittenkeytokeeptrackofwhateachitemrepresentsisnotaclearexampleforpublicconsumption.(同样必须强调的是，成为某个主题的专家并不意味着该学者就有资格向非科学受众传达该话题。最近很多科学家一直在向公众解释一些现象。尽管他们拥有适当的资质，但是他们的解释方法往往收效甚微。一位生物学家在解释疫苗背后的过程时，借用了图书馆、书籍、纸张、食谱、配料以及蛋糕使用了一个类比。任何需要书面说明来让人了解每一样东西的含义都不是让大众弄明白的清楚例子)”可知，这个例子是为了强调，即使是一位在生物学领域有深厚学识的学者，也可能在尝试向非专业听众解释复杂的科学概念时遇到困难。这个例子突显了科学传播的挑战，并指出，仅仅因为某人在其专业领域内知识渊博，并不意味着他们就能有效地将这些知识传达给非专业听众。由此推知，这个例子说明了学识渊博并不等同于具备传播科学的能力。故选C。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sciencecommunicationisascienceinandofitself.Itrequiresrigoroustrainingandinstruction.Ascientistshouldtakecommunicationcoursesthatcanteachapersonhowtoidentifyandeliminatejargon(术语)andhowtodevelopeffectiveanalogiestoexplaincomplexconcepts.(科学传播本身就是一门科学。它需要严格的训练和指导。科学家应该学习交流课程，这些课程可以教会一个人如何识别和消除术语，以及如何建立有效的类比来解释复杂的概念)”可知，作者建议科学家为了缩小科学与社会之间的鸿沟应该接受沟通技巧训练。故选A。Passage（2）【湖南师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Haveyoueversuddenlydevelopedanappetitefromabrightlycoloredcheeseburger,ordecidedtostepintoacandyoricecreamstoredisplayingawindowfulloflivelyshadesandhuesofsweettreats?Ifso,youareingoodcompany.Unlesswearemedicallyinstructedorstrictlydieting,wearenotlikelytokeepawayfromtheattractionofthefoodbysimplyrealizingitsshortageofnutritionalvalue.DevinaWadheraandElizabethD．Capaldi-Phillipsin“AReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood”recognizetheimpactofsensorycues(信号)onfoodconsumptionandenjoyment,andthepotentialtheyhavetoencouragehealthyeatingbehavior.Theycitepreviousresearchinprovidingsomeinterestingexamplesofthevisualimpactofdifferentcolorschemes(方案)onappetiteandfoodenjoyment.Theynotethatpinkfoodonawhiteplateisconsideredsweeterandmoreflavorfulthanthesamefoodonablackplate.Apparently,weconsumewithmoreofoursensesthanwerealize.Sogiventherainbowofcolorsarounduswhenfacedwithsomanyappealingfoodchoices,isthereanywaytocontrolourappetite?Thankfully,someresearchsaysyes.OliverGenschowprovedthatwhenitcomestoeatingless,colorsimpactconsumption.Theyresearchedtheeffectofthecolorredandfoundthatpeopleatefewerpretzelswhenusingaredplate,asopposedtowhiteorblue,anddranklessfromaredcupthanabluecup.Theysuggestthatthecolorredreducesfoodanddrinkintakebyfunctioningasastopsignal.Butwhenitcomestohealthyeating,insteadofputtingonapairofsunglassestoblocktheattractivecolorsoffood,considerthevalueofdiscipline.Healthyeatinginvolvesintentionalchoices,notmindlessresponsestosensorycues.Andbeforeyouinvestinredtablewaretoslimdown,rememberthatwhatgoesontothoseplatesismuchmoreimportant.12．Whatmaybeamajorreasonforustorefuseeye-catchingfood?A．Advertisementseverywhere. B．Theshortageofnutrition.C．Therichcoloroffooddisplay. D．Thedoctor’sinstructions.13．Whatmightbedealtwithin“AReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood”?A．Benefitsofdifferentcolorschemes.B．Interestingexamplesoffoodservice.C．Potentialstoencouragefoodconsumption.D．Effectsofsensorycuesonfoodchoices.14．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A．Makeproperfoodchoices. B．Followthesensoryresponse.C．Avoidanycolorfulfood. D．Wearsunglassestoblockcolors.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ColorsHelpYouControlWeight B．ColorSchemesMakePeopleConfusedC．ColorsImpactFoodAttractionandAppetite D．TheRainbowofColorsIstheBestSeller【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了颜色对食物吸引力和食欲的影响。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlesswearemedicallyinstructedorstrictlydieting,wearenotlikelytokeepawayfromtheattractionofthefoodbysimplyrealizingitsshortageofnutritionalvalue.(除非我们得到医学指导或严格节食，否则我们不太可能仅仅因为意识到食物缺乏营养价值就远离它的诱惑)”可知，我们拒绝引人注目的食物的主要原因可能是医生的指导。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“DevinaWadheraandElizabethD.Capaldi-Phillipsin“AReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood”recognizetheimpactofsensorycues(信号)onfoodconsumptionandenjoyment,andthepotentialtheyhavetoencouragehealthyeatingbehavior.(DevinaWadhera和ElizabethD.Capaldi-Phillips在《与食物相关的视觉线索综述》中认识到感官信号对食物消费和享受的影响，以及它们鼓励健康饮食行为的潜力)”可知，“AReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood”可能会探讨感官信号对食物选择的影响。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Healthyeatinginvolvesintentionalchoices,notmindlessresponsestosensorycues.Andbeforeyouinvestinredtablewaretoslimdown,rememberthatwhatgoesontothoseplatesismuchmoreimportant.(健康饮食需要有意的选择，而不是对感官线索的盲目反应。在你投资红色餐具来减肥之前，记住，放在这些盘子里的东西要重要得多)”可知健康饮食需要有意的选择，而不是对感官线索的盲目反应；可推知，作者在最后一段建议人们做出恰当的食物选择。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Haveyoueversuddenlydevelopedanappetitefromabrightlycoloredcheeseburger,ordecidedtostepintoacandyoricecreamstoredisplayingawindowfulloflivelyshadesandhuesofsweettreats?Ifso,youareingoodcompany.Unlesswearemedicallyinstructedorstrictlydieting,wearenotlikelytokeepawayfromtheattractionofthefoodbysimplyrealizingitsshortageofnutritionalvalue.(你有没有因为一个色彩鲜艳的奶酪汉堡而突然胃口大开，或者决定走进一家糖果店或冰淇淋店，橱窗里摆满了生动活泼、色彩斑斓的甜食？如果是这样，你并不孤单。除非我们得到医学指导或严格节食，否则我们不太可能仅仅因为意识到食物缺乏营养价值就远离它的诱惑)”、第二段“DevinaWadheraandElizabethD.Capaldi-Phillipsin“AReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood”recognizetheimpactofsensorycues(信号)onfoodconsumptionandenjoyment,andthepotentialtheyhavetoencouragehealthyeatingbehavior.(DevinaWadhera和ElizabethD.Capaldi-Phillips在《与食物相关的视觉线索综述》中认识到感官线索对食物消费和享受的影响，以及它们鼓励健康饮食行为的潜力)”以及下文内容可知文章主要讲述了颜色对食物吸引力和食欲的影响。故C选项“ColorsImpactFoodAttractionandAppetite(颜色影响食物的吸引力和食欲)”能够概括文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选C。Passage（3）【华中师范大学第一附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学】Socratesdeclaredthattheunexaminedlifewasn’tworthlivingforahumanbeing,implyingthatweshouldattempttoknowourselves,tothinkthroughouractions,choices,prejudices,andattitudes.Butwhenitcomestothinkingaboutourownhappinessandwhatmakesourlivesgowell,itreallydoesseemthatthisreflectiveattitudecanruinourchancesoffindingwhatweseek.Perhapsit’snotsurprisingthatwearebetterdesignedforengaginginotheractivitiesthanreflectingonhowbesttoachieveourownhappinessandwell-being.Doingthingsthatenhanceourgrowthinphysical,socialandintellectualareastendstobringtherewardoffeelinggood,andsostimulatesusfurthertopursuethoseactivities.Sittingaroundreflectingonwhatwillmakeushappyisalotlessefficientthanchasingthethingsthatmakeushappy,andifwethinktoomuch,thereisanopportunitycost—timethatwecouldhavespentinaworthwhileactivityhasgonewhilewewerethinkingdeeplyaboutthebestwaytodevelop.ThephilosopherDavidhaswrittenabouttheroleofreflectivethinkinginsports.Oneofhisobservationsisthatwhilesportspeopleneedtothinkaboutthebasicactionstheyareperforming,itcanbecounterproductivetostartthinkingabouttheelementsmakingupthoseactions.Afootballerneedstothinkaboutkickingtheballlowandhardtotheleftofthegoalkeeper,butnottooverthinkthemechanicsoftheprecisesmallmovementsoflegsandfeetthatproducethatoutcome.Ifheorshedoesstartthissortofthoughtprocess,itveryoftenleadstoapoorershot.What’sneededisakindofautomaticresponsetothesituation.Perhapssomethingsimilarisgoingoninourlife.Thosepeoplewhostartdetailedprogramsofself-developmentinvariousdimensions,focusingondiet,habits,exercise,mentalactivity,workoutput,andsoon,arelikethefootballerthinkingthroughthesmallmusclemovements.Perhapstheirwell-meaningself-reflectionontheirowndevelopmentandhowtheywanttoachieveit,istheverythingthatwillmakeahighlevelofdevelopmentforeverunobtainableforthem.12．Whatmaycauseanopportunitycost?A．Spendingtimeonworthyactivities. B．Joininginsocialmeetingsactively.C．Gettingstuckinmuchself-reflection. D．Doingphysicalexercisesefficiently.13．WhydoestheauthormentionDavid’sobservations?A．Topraiseawisephilosopher. B．Toteachreadersfootballskills.C．Tociteacaseofoverthinking. D．Toargueforreflectivethinking.14．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdotoachievetheirgoals?A．Makeacomprehensiveplan. B．Adoptadirectapproach.C．Thinkcarefullybeforeaction. D．Attachimportancetodetails.15．Whatisasuitabletitleforthistext?A．TheRiskofOverthinking B．TheKeytoWell-beingC．TheWaytoThinkReflectively D．TheMethodtoDevelopYourself【答案】12．C13．C14．B15．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度思考带来的种种弊端，告诫我们不要过度思考。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sittingaroundreflectingonwhatwillmakeushappyisalotlessefficientthanchasingthethingsthatmakeushappy,andifwethinktoomuch,thereisanopportunitycost—timethatwecouldhavespentinaworthwhileactivityhasgonewhilewewerethinkingdeeplyaboutthebestwaytodevelop.(坐下来思考什么能让我们快乐比追求让我们快乐的事情效率低得多，如果我们想得太多，就会有机会成本——我们本可以花在有价值的活动上的时间，而我们却在深入思考最好的发展方式)”可知，困于过度的自我反思会导致机会成本，故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Oneofhisobservationsisthatwhilesportspeopleneedtothinkaboutthebasicactionstheyareperforming,itcanbecounterproductivetostartthinkingabouttheelementsmakingupthoseactions.(他的一个观察是，虽然运动员需要思考他们正在执行的基本动作，但开始思考构成这些动作的元素可能会适得其反)”可推知，作者提到David的观察是为了举例说明过度思考的劣势。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第三段“What’sneededisakindofautomaticresponsetothesituation.(我们需要的是一种对情况的自动响应)”可知，作者建议读者采取一个直接的方法来达成目标。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Butwhenitcomestothinkingaboutourownhappinessandwhatmakesourlivesgowell,itreallydoesseemthatthisreflectiveattitudecanruinourchancesoffindingwhatweseek.(但是，当我们思考自己的幸福以及是什么让我们的生活变得美好时，这种反思的态度似乎真的会破坏我们找到我们所寻求的东西的机会)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了过度思考带来的种种弊端，告诫我们不要过度思考。由此可知，A项“过度思考的风险”适合作为文章的标题。故选A。Passage（4）【湖北省武汉中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考】TheChristmasPig,J.K.Rowling’sfirstchildren’snovelsinceHarryPotterI,isafeel-goodbook,fullofsurprises,whichwilldelightadultsandchildrenalike,notonlyfortheoriginalstory,butalsofortheimaginativescenery,charactersandobjectsthatinteractwiththemaincharacters.IttellsthestoryofJackandthelovehefeelsforDurPig,astuffedtoypigwhohasbeenwithhimsincehewasatoddler.AfterlosinghimonChristmasEve,JackwillembarkonagreatadventuretosaveDurPigwiththehelpoftheChristmasPig,abrand-newreplacementforDurPig.J.K.Rowlingshowsagain,withthisbook,whysheisconsideredoneofthegreateststorytellersofhertime.Shedistinguishesherselfagaininworldbuilding,andyoungerandolderreaderswillbesurprised,chapterafterchapter,bytheoriginalideasthatsheintroducesinthisworldthatJackandhisfriendvisit.TheworldRowlingcreatesisnotcomplexbutitdoesnotunderestimatechildren:itisaworldwithclearlogisticsthattheprotagonists(主人翁)mustfollow,carefullycraftedtoservethestoryandnotitsreaders.ThoselongtimereadersofJ.K.Rowling’sworkswillfindfamiliarpassagesandthemesthattheymaywanttoconnecttotheHarryPotterbooks.Itishardtotellifthosereferencesarethereonpurpose,buttheremaybesomesatisfactioninthinkingthatRowlingmusthavenoticedandenjoyedthemprivatelywhileshewaswritingthem.Parentsaroundtheworldmayhaveadifficulttimeeverynight,onceachapterisfinishedandtheirchildrenmustgotosleep.TheChristmasPigwillkeepreadersturningpageswithagreatandimaginativestory,filledwithcliffhangersattheendofmostchaptersthatwillleavekidsaskingformore.IfsomereviewerssaidthatTheIckaboglackedHarryPotter’smagic,theycanrestassuredthatTheChristmasPighasallthemagicthatJ.K.Rowlingcanprovide,andthat’smorethanenough.28．WhyisJ.K.Rowlingratedasoneofthebeststorytellersofhertime?A．Hercapacityinbuildingcharacters. B．Herabilitytodesigncomplicatedplots.C．Hertendencytowritetochildren’staste. D．Hercreativityinworldbuilding.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cliffhangers”probablymeaninParagraph5?A．Imagination. B．Suspense. C．Magic. D．Challenge.30．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4andparagraph5?A．Sheintentionallyincludedreferencestoherpreviousworks.B．Parentshavedifficultyfallingasleepafterfinishingachapter.C．SomereviewersfoundTheIckabogfullofmagic.D．TheChristmasPigisagoodillustrationofJ.K.Rowling’smagic.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsJ.K.Rowling’sbook“TheChristmasPig”?A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Enthusiastic. D．Indifferent.【答案】28．D29．B30．D31．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了J.K.罗琳的小说《圣诞猪》，介绍了故事大概内容以及特点。28．细节理解题。根据第三段“Shedistinguishesherselfagaininworldbuilding,andyoungerandolderreaderswillbesurprised,chapterafterchapter,bytheoriginalideasthatsheintroducesinthisworldthatJackandhisfriendvisit.(她在构建世界的过程中再次脱颖而出，无论老少，都会被她在杰克和他的朋友造访的这个世界中引入的原创思想一章又一章地感到惊讶)”可知，J.K.罗琳被认为是她那个时代最会讲故事的人之一是因为她在构建世界方面的创造力。故选D。29．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“TheChristmasPigwillkeepreadersturningpageswithagreatandimaginativestory,filledwith”以及后文“attheendofmostchaptersthatwillleavekidsaskingformore”可知，《圣诞猪》的故事让读者不断翻页，让孩子们想要更多，说明在大多数章节的结尾都充满了悬念，让人想要继续读下去。故划线词意思是“悬念”。故选B。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“IfsomereviewerssaidthatTheIckaboglackedHarryPotter’smagic,theycanrestassuredthatTheChristmasPighasallthemagicthatJ.K.Rowlingcanprovide,andthat’smorethanenough.(如果有些评论者说《TheIckabog》缺乏哈利波特的魔法，他们可以放心，《圣诞猪》拥有J.K.罗琳所能提供的所有魔法，这已经足够了)”可推知，圣诞猪是J.K.罗琳魔法的一个很好的例证。故选D。31．推理判断题。根据第一段“TheChristmasPig,J.K.Rowling’sfirstchildren’snovelsinceHarryPotterI,isafeel-goodbook,fullofsurprises,whichwilldelightadultsandchildrenalike,notonlyfortheoriginalstory,butalsofortheimaginativescenery,charactersandobjectsthatinteractwiththemaincharacters.(《圣诞猪》是J.K.罗琳自《哈利波特1》以来的第一部儿童小说，是一本让人感觉良好的书，充满了惊喜，不仅因为原著故事，而且因为与主角互动的富有想象力的场景、人物和物体，都会让成年人和孩子们都感到高兴)”可推知，作者对J.K.罗琳的小说《圣诞猪》充满热情。故选C。Passage（5）【河北省沧衡名校联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考试】Itisnotjusttheenvironmentandtheeconomythatarethreatenedbyawarmerclimate,butalsocultureandtraditionsaroundtheworld.ResearchersatLundUniversityinSwedenandtheUniversityofQueenslandinAustraliahavemappedwhatlittleisknownabouthowclimatechangeiserodinglocalknowledgeandculturalheritage.“WerisklosingthememoryofIndigenous(本土的)people’swaysoflifewithoutthistypeofdocumentation,”saysGuyJackson,apostdoctoralfellowatLundUniversity.Heisoneoftheauthorsofaliteraturestudythatincludes100scientificarticles,mostofwhichfocusonNorthAmericaortheNorthernArcticCircle.Oneoftheconclusionsofpreviousstudiesisthatculturalheritageisprimarilyseenassomethingofmaterialvalue,suchasanarchaeologicalsiteorhistoricbuilding.However,focusingonthelossofmaterialculturalheritagemeansthatimportanttraditionsandknowledgesystemsareoverlooked.“Therearemanynon-materiallossesthatarevaluableforbothindividualidentityandgroupidentity,”saysGuyJackson.ActuallythereisaclearconnectionbetweenlossofIndigenousculturalheritageandchangesinthenaturalenvironment.Forexample,songsandworkingmethodschangewhengroupslosetraditionslinkedtoaphysicallocation.OnescientificarticlepointsoutthatfortheInuitinCanada,identityiscloselylinkedtotheenvironment:“Inuitpeoplearepeopleoftheseaice.Ifthereisnomoreseaice,howcantheybepeopleoftheseaice?”AccordingtoGuyJackson,thiscouldleadtoseveralconsequences.Lossoftraditionsandculturalheritagecanmakeitmoredifficulttodealwithclimatechange,andweakensocialcohesion(凝聚力),aspeoplelosetouchwithtraditionalwaysoflife.Theresearchershopethattheliteraturestudycanleadtomoretargetedresearch.Inparticular,theywanttoseealargerfocusonhowtohandle,minimizeandreducefuturelosses.“Scienceshouldcontributebydevelopingpracticalsolutionsthathelpwithadaptationtothelossesthathavealreadyhappened”,GuyJacksonconcludes.12．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“eroding”inParagraph1?A．Weakening. B．Classifying. C．Preserving. D．Stabilizing.13．WhatdoesGuyJacksonthinkofthepreviousstudies?A．Well-grounded. B．Two-dimensional. C．Non-standard. D．One-sided.14．Whichexamplerelatestoculturalheritagelossmostduetoenvironmentalchanges?A．Thedownfalloflocalincomes.B．Thedisunityofthelocalpopulation.C．Thedeclineintraditionalfarmingmethods.D．Thedistancingofinterpersonalrelationships.15．Whatdoresearchershopethefutureresearchwillfocuson?A．Minimizingthelossofmaterialheritage.B．Limitingpotentialculturalheritagedamages.C．Developingstrategiesforprotectingecosystems.D．Broadeningthegeographicalfocusoftheresearch.【答案】12．A13．D14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变化对文化和传统的影响，特别是原住民文化遗产的损失以及应对这些损失的建议。12．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Itisnotjusttheenvironmentandtheeconomythatarethreatenedbyawarmerclimate,butalsocultureandtraditionsaroundtheworld.(受到气候变暖威胁的不仅是环境和经济，还有世界各地的文化和传统)”可知，天气变暖影响了世界各地文化和传统，由此可推知，瑞典隆德大学和澳大利亚昆士兰大学的研究人员绘制了关于气候变化如何侵蚀当地知识和文化遗产的地图。“eroding”表示对某事物的逐步消弱或侵蚀，与weakening同义。故选A。13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Oneoftheconclusionsofpreviousstudiesisthatculturalheritageisprimarilyseenassomethingofmaterialvalue,suchasanarchaeologicalsiteorhistoricbuilding.However,focusingonthelossofmaterialculturalheritagemeansthatimportanttraditionsandknowledgesystemsareoverlooked.(先前研究的结论之一是，文化遗产主要被视为具有物质价值的东西，如考古遗址或历史建筑。然而，关注物质文化遗产的流失意味着忽视了重要的传统和知识体系)”可知，GuyJackson认为之前的研究过于片面，只关注物质文化遗产，而忽视了非物质文化遗产。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ActuallythereisaclearconnectionbetweenlossofIndigenousculturalheritageandchangesinthenaturalenvironment.Forexample,songsandworkingmethodschangewhengroupslosetraditionslinkedtoaphysicallocation.OnescientificarticlepointsoutthatfortheInuitinCanada,identityiscloselylinkedtotheenvironment:“Inuitpeoplearepeopleoftheseaice.Ifthereisnomoreseaice,howcantheybepeopleoftheseaice?”.(实际上，土著文化遗产的丧失与自然环境的变化之间有着明显的联系。例如，当群体失去与物理位置相关的传统时，歌曲和工作方法就会发生变化。一篇科学文章指出，对于加拿大的因纽特人来说，身份与环境密切相关：“因纽特人是海冰上的人。如果没有海冰，他们怎么能成为海冰上的人呢？”)”可推知，C项“传统耕作方式的衰落”属于工作方法的变化，与环境变化造成的文化遗产损失最相关。故选C。15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Inparticular,theywanttoseealargerfocusonhowtohandle,minimizeandreducefuturelosses.(特别是，他们希望看到更多的关注如何处理、最小化和减少未来的损失)”可知，研究人员希望未来的研究将集中在限制潜在的文化遗产损害上。故选B。Passage（6）【广东省深圳市高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第三次诊断考试】Honeybeeshaveadifficulttask.First,theyhavetofindfood.Thentheyhavetoreturntothehivetotellotherbeeswheretofindit.Thebeeshavetoflybackandforthbetweenthehiveandtheirfoodoverandoveragain.Alsotheyneedtodealwithwhateverobstaclesliealongtheirflightpaths.“Honeybeesfacealotofchallengesinchoosingefficientwaysthroughdenseenvironmentsandwebasicallywanttostudyhowtheychoosethesafestandleastenergy-consumingroutes.”saidMarielleOng,aresearcherattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia.Totracktheinsects’navigation,sheandherteamsetuptinyobstaclecoursesformorethanahundredhoneybees.Alongtheway,thebeeswereforcedtoflythroughoneortheotheroftwoopeningsofdifferentsizes.Asagroup,thebeesusuallyflewthroughthewideropening,whichmakessense-fewerchancesofslammingtheirtinybeebodiesintoawall.ButthingsgotmoreinterestingwhenOnglookedatthedecisionsmadebyindividualbees,onebyone.“Wefoundthat55percenthadnobiases,andtherestofthe45percentwasasplitbetweenleft-handedbeesandright-handedbees.”Inotherwords,somehoneybeeshaveasidedness.Theyobviouslydon’thavehands,butlet’ssaythey’reeitherright-handedorleft-handed.So,forexample,aright-handedbeewouldprefertonavigatetheovercrowdedright-sideopeningintheobstaclethangothroughtheleft-sidehole,eventhoughitwaslargerandsafer.Sometimes,beeswithasidednesswouldevenlandandwalkthroughthesmalleropeningsothattheycouldusetheirpreferredside.Thesebiasesapparentlyhelpthemembersoflargeswarms(群)navigatethroughacomplexenvironmentwithoutcrashingintoeachother.Ifallbeeswereright-handed,itwouldtakealongtimefortheentiregrouptopassthroughasmallopening,suchasahiveentrance.Butbyhavingarangeofsidebiases,theentireswarmcanmovemorequicklywhenitencountersanobstacle.Ongthinksthatonedayengineerscouldapplythisfinding.Theycoulddesignroboticdroneswarmstopassobstaclesmoreefficiently.Theycouldevenprogramself-drivingcarstooperatelesslikeachaoticgroupofhumansandmorelikeanorderlygroupofhoneybees.8．Whatmethoddidresearchersusetostudyhoneybeenav