2024高中英语刷题首秧基础练能力练Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernheroSectionⅢGrammar含解析新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE9SectionⅢGrammar对应学生用书P55[基础题]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Youcouldgetintoasituation________youhavetodecideimmediately.答案：where设空处所填词引导定语从句，先行词为situation，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，situation“境况”，是表示抽象地点概念的先行词，关系词在从句中作状语，表地点，因此填where。2．Iamhavingtrouble________thenewcomputer,butIdon'tknow________toturnto.答案：with；whom第一空为短语havetroublewithsth.“某物出了问题”；其次空由句意可知表示向谁求助，作介词to的宾语，应用whom。3．Thereason_______theinjectionneedsrepeatingeveryyearisthattheviruschanges.答案：why空格处所填词在本句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词thereason，关系词在从句中作状语，表缘由，故填why。句意：注射须要每年重复的缘由是病毒总在变更。4．Internetcrimeisasubject________theworldmightargueforalongwhile.答案：aboutwhich此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，依据定语从句的动词短语argueabout“争辩……”可知，介词应填about；先行词asubject表示物，关系代词用which。5．Itwasaprison________whichnooneescaped.答案：from此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，依据定语从句的动词短语escapefrom“从……逃脱”可知，介词应填from；先行词为prison，表示物，关系代词用which。6．Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirhomeforabetterlifeinthecity.答案：whom因从句前没有连词，因此这时要填写关系代词，既在从句中作介词of的宾语，又起到引导词的作用，该关系词在从句中代替主句中“1,000people”，即先行词，故用whom。7．Thedays________weclimbedthehillsandtreeswereunforgettable.答案：when分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个定语从句，先行词为Thedays，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。句意：我们爬山和爬树的日子是难忘的。8．Ihavereachedapointinmylife________Ihavetomakedecisionsofmyown.答案：where分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导定语从句，先行词为apoint，而且从句中缺少状语，表抽象地点，所以用where。句意：我已经到了我人生中得作自己的确定的地步了。9．Thisisthepilot________myfatherhasworkedfor10years.答案：withwhom本句中，“介词＋whom”引导定语从句，修饰先行词thepilot，定语从句中谓语动词hasworked应构成workwithsb.短语，且关系词在从句中作介词的宾语。10．MarkZuckerbergisthefounderofthesiteFacebook,________youcanhavealookateachother'spictures.答案：where空格处在本句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词thesiteFacebook，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。Ⅱ单句改错1．Therewasalongperiodwhywehadnonewsofhim.________________________________________________________________________答案：why→when2．Afteralongwalkinsuchhotweather,allofusweredyingofacolddrink.________________________________________________________________________答案：其次个of→for3．Thebooksonthedesks,whichcoversareshiny,areprizesforme.________________________________________________________________________答案：which→whose4．ThethingsandpeoplewhomygrandmatoldmewhenIwasyoungstillremainrefreshinmymind.________________________________________________________________________答案：who→that5．TheplacethatwasinterestedmemostwasJiuzhaigou.________________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个was[实力题]Ⅰ阅读理解AMicrosoftfounderBillGatessaidthatheplannedtogiveawayeq\a\vs4\al(P1)almostallofhisfortuneeq\a\vs4\al(W1)，largelytothecauseofglobalhealth,duringthecourseofhislifetime.Withanestimated(估计)worthofmorethan$40billion,accordingtoForbes,theprojectwillbenosmallfate(功绩)forGates.HavingalreadyprovidedtheBill&MelindaGatesFoundationwith$24billiontoaddressglobalhealthissues,Gatessaidthatfinallyhisentirefortunewouldbeputtowardsthecauseexcept“afewpercentleftforthekids”.Sowhathasmadetherichestmanintheworldtochannelhisresourcessoheavilyintooneinterest?Gatesbelievesthat“theequalityofopportunity”inwhichAmericanstakesuchprideneedstoextendtoothernationsaroundtheworld.Improvingthehealthofthepopulations,hesays,hasproventobeanessential(基本的)methodinhelpingpoorcountriestobefinanciallysuccessful.“Nationalbordersallowinequalitieseq\a\vs4\al(W2)，”saidGates.“Weallneedtotakeamoreglobalview,ratherthanjustsayingmycountryisdoingwell.Wehavetostepupeq\a\vs4\al(P2)thesehealthissues,knowinghowfewresourcesaregoingintothem.”Gatessaidthatbothhisparentssetupanexampleforhimasachild.Hisfather,WilliamH．Gates,wastheheadofthelocalPlannedParenthood,andhismother,Mary,volunteeredfortheUnitedWay.Ashegatheredhisfortune,Gatesknewhewouldfinallywanttogivebackaswell,buthedidn'texpecttodevotehimselfwhole­heartedlytooneprojectuntilhewasabout60.However,Gates,begantoquestionhisabilitytowaitthatlong.“Itseemedtherewasarealtimeurgencyeq\a\vs4\al(W3)，”Gatessaid.“Istartedtothink,howmanylivescouldIsavebeforethen？”eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。比尔·盖茨安排把自己的财产捐赠给全球的健康事业，他信任机会均等，他想帮助那些贫困的人们，他的父母也都热衷慈善事业，为他树立了好的榜样。)1．BillGateswillgiveawayhisvastfortuneto________.A．improvethehealthofthepopulationinAmericaaloneB．improvethehealthofthepopulationsallovertheworldC．avoidleavinghischildrentoomuchmoneyD．sparetheAmericangovernmenttheburdenofhealthcare答案：B细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的第一句话“MicrosoftfounderBillGatessaidthatheplannedtogiveawayalmostallofhisfortune,largelytothecauseofglobalhealth,duringthecourseofhislifetime.”可知，比尔·盖茨安排把自己的财产捐给全球的健康事业。故选B项。2．BillGatesbelievesthatoneimportantwayofdevelopingpoorcountriesis________.A．tosetupmorefoundationsforthemB．tohelpthemwithnaturalresourcesC．toputmoreeffortintothehealthissuesinthemD．tohelpthemtakeamoreglobalview答案：C细微环节推断题。从其次段中的“Improvingthehealthofthepopulations,hesays,hasproventobeanessential(基本的)methodinhelpingpoorcountriestobefinanciallysuccessful.‘Nationalbordersallowinequalities’”可以看出比尔·盖茨将把主要的资金用于全世界人们的健康服务中去。故选C项。3．ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatBillGatesthinks________.A．AmericansshouldcareaboutpeopleinothercountriesB．AmericansshouldtreatfellowcitizenswellC．AmericansshoulddevotethemselvestocertainprojectsD．Americanscanbeworld­famousbygivingawayvastfortune答案：A推理推断题。从文章其次段倒数其次句“Weallneedtotakeamoreglobalview,ratherthanjustsayingmycountryisdoingwell.”可以得出正确答案为A项。4．BillGatesgaveawayhisvastfortuneearlierthanhehadexpectedbecauseof________.A．hisweakeninghealthconditionB．hisparents'suggestionsC．hisgreatsuccessinbusinessD．hisconcernsforsufferingpeople答案：D推理推断题。从文章最终一段可以得出导致比尔·盖茨提前捐赠财产的缘由是他关切那些受苦的人们。故选D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．fortunen.财宝；运气2.inequalityn.不同等3．urgencyn.紧急，紧急的事eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．giveaway赠送；分发；泄露2．stepup提高，增加；走近BBeforeSteveJobsco­foundedApple,therewerenoiPhonesoriPads.Jobschangedthewaywethinkaboutmanythings,includingtelephones,computers,andbooks.BecauseofJobs,sayshisbiographer(传记作者)WalterIsaacson,entireindustrieslikemusicandpublishinghavechangedcompletelyeq\a\vs4\al(W1).IrecentlytalkedwithIsaacsoninNewYorkCityabouthisnewbest­seller,TheInnovators:HowaGroupofHackers,Geniuses,andGeeksCreatedtheDigitalRevolution,inwhichhetellshundredsofstoriesofthepeoplewhocreatedthecomputerandtheInternet.Iaskedwhatqualitieseq\a\vs4\al(W2)stoodouteq\a\vs4\al(P)intheinnovatorshestudied.“Theyreallycareaboutbothartandscience，”Isaacsonsaid.“Theyreallybelieveit'simportanttoconnectthehumanities(人文学科)totechnologyandengineering.”Forkidswhowanttobecometomorrow'sinnovators,hesaid,“Ifyou'reahumanitiesperson—verycreativeandart­loving—youshouldnotbeshyawayfromalsolearningmathandlearningcoding(编码).Ifyou'reanengineer...youshouldlearntoreadpoetry.”Everygreatinnovatorhaspassion(激情),determinationeq\a\vs4\al(W3)，andthecouragetofail,Isaacsonsaid.Workinginteamsmakescreativepeopleevenmoreeffective(有效的),headded.Sometimes,someoneelse'ssuggestionscanhelpimproveorperfecteq\a\vs4\al(W4)yourdesign.WhenIsaacsonwasgrowingupinNewOrleans,Louisiana,hedecidedearlyonthathewantedtobeawriter.Afterreadingabookbyafriend'suncle,herealizedthatwriting“isajobyoucanhave,justlikebeingafishermanoranengineeroradoctor.”OfallthebooksIsaacsonhaswritten,hesaidthathisfavoritewasabiographyofBenFranklin.“Hedideverything，”Isaacsonsaid.“Hewasfriendlyandniceandgoodtopeople.Readingallofhisletters...IfeltIreallygottoknowhimandlikehim.”eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是对乔布斯的传记作者艾萨克森的采访报道。)5．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．IsaacsonhadagreatinfluenceonJobs.B．Jobs'biographywasdifficulttowrite.C．Isaacsonlikesmusicverymuch.D．IsaacsonthinkshighlyofJobs.答案：D推理推断题。依据第一段，尤其是该段的其次、三句可知，传记作者艾萨克森认为乔布斯变更了人们对许多事物的看法，并且他使得整个行业，如音乐业和出版业，都发生了变更。故艾萨克森对乔布斯的评价很高。6．InIsaacson'smind,innovatorsarethosewho________.A．aregoodattellingstoriesB．wanteverythingtobeperfectC．arefriendlyandnicetopeopleD．loveboththehumanitiesandscience答案：D推理推断题。依据第三段艾萨克森所说的革新者的品质和第四段他给将来想成为革新者的孩子们的建议可知，他认为革新者是那些既喜爱人文学科又喜爱科学的人。7.Paragraph5mainlytellsus________.A．howtoworkwithagreatinnovatorB．theimportanceofgoodteamworkC．whatittakestobeaninnovatorD．theroleofaninnovatorinateam答案：C段落大意题。在第五段，艾萨克森描述了一位宏大的革新者应当具备的各种品质——激情、决心、不怕输的志气、团队合作精神以及听取别人的看法。8.Isaacsondecidedtobeginhiscareerasawriterbecause________.A．hefailedtobecomeanengineerB．hereadabookbyafriend'suncleC．hegotlotsofhelpfromSteveJobsD．hegottoknowmoreaboutBenFranklin答案：B细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段其次句“Afterreadingabookbyafriend'suncle,herealizedthatwriting‘isajobyoucanhave...’”可知，读了挚友叔叔写的一本书后，艾萨克森确定成为一名作家。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．completelyadv.彻底地；完全地2．qualityn.品质，资质3．determinationn.决心，毅力4．perfectv.优化，改善，使完备eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)standout惹眼，突出；精彩Ⅱ语法填空Whenitcomestoeatinghabits,Chinaisacountrywemustmention.UnlikeintheWest,__1__everyonehastheirownplateoffood,inChinathedishes__2__(place)onthetableandeverybodyshares.Ifyou'rebeingtreatedbyaChinesehost,bepreparedforatonoffood.Duringeating,thehostservesfoodwithpublicchopstickstoguests__3__(show)hisorherpoliteness.Theappropriatethingtodoiseatthefoodandsayhowdeliciousitis.Ifyoudon'tlikeit,youcanjustsayapolite“thankyou”，withthefood__4__(leave)there.Butdon'tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Ifso,it'sveryimpolite__5__thehostandseniorswhoarepresentatthetable.Atdinner,ifhalfofthefishiseatenup,aguestshouldn'tturnthefishover