2025版高考英语二轮复习第2板块专题3完形填空第2节五大解题技法学案含解析

PAGEPAGE1第2节五大解题技法技法一利用上下文示意解题[解题技法分述]在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“示意”。考生在阅读过程中会依据这些伏笔或示意，或顺势对下文进行推想，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。[经典案例分析](2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege，Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course，calledThinkingChess，forthreecredits.I41.jumpedattheideaoftakingtheclassbecause，afterall，whodoesn'twantto42afewdollars？Morethanthat，I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And，evenifIweren't43enoughaboutfreecredits，newsaboutour44.instructorwasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster，which45.meantIwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46.Icouldhardlywaitto47.meethim.42．A.waste B．earnC．save D．pay43．A.excited B．worriedC．moved D．tired46．A.fastest B．easiestC．best D．rarest[思路分析]依据第一句的a“free”course可知课程是免费的，我欣然接受，终归谁不想节约几美元呢？故42空选C；依据44空后面的appealing可知，即使我对自由学分不感爱好，可是关于这门课程老师的消息却对我有足够的吸引力，故43空选A；依据45空前的aninternationalgrandmaster可知他是一位国际大师，这意味着我将师从最佳国际象棋选手之一，故46空选C。(2024·江苏高考)RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen36topaylawyers'fees.Tomakemattersworse，Mothwasdiagnosed(诊断)witha37disease.Therewasno38，onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout，theydecidedtomakea39journey，astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide.36．A.drawnup B．usedupC．backedup D．keptup37．A.mild B．commonC．preventable D．serious38．A.cure B．luckC．care D．promise39．A.business B．walkingC．bus D．rail[思路分析]依据36空后面的topaylawyers'fees可知，为了支付律师的费用，他们的积蓄都用光了，故36空选B；依据38空后面的onlypainrelief可知，只能缓解难受，没法治愈，这说明疾病很严峻，故37空选D，38空选A；依据39空后面的anoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide可知，他们确定作一次徒步旅行，故39空选B。技法二利用词汇复现解题[解题技法分述]完形填空的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所探讨的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不行避开的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互连接。完形填空的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。[经典案例分析](2024·天津高考)Ilearnedthislessonfroma(n)17.experiencemanyyearsago.Itookthehead18jobataschoolinBaxley，Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe19teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach，andtheydidn'tevenpracticeto20.prepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam，IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin，buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.18．A.operating B．editingC．consulting D．coaching19．A.successful B．excellentC．strong D．new[思路分析]依据20空后面的Beingthecoachofthenewteam可知，我担当新队的教练，那么通过coach的复现我们可锁定18空选D；依据19空前的old可知，老队和新队进行一场竞赛是一种传统，这样通过old的反义词复现可锁定19空选D，后面old和new的再次出现更加印证了答案。(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)ATorontomanisofferingafreeround-the-worldairtickettotherightwoman.But41.restrictionsapply.YoumustbenamedElizabethGallagherandhaveaCanadian42.JordanAxani,28，saidheandhisthengirlfriend，ElizabethGallagher，bookedheavilydiscountedround-the-worldairticketsinMay，buttheir43.relationshipendedandhedidnotwantherticketto44.gotowaste.Thetickethadastrictno-transfer(不行转让)45.policy，butsincepassportinformationwasnotrequiredwhen46，anyCanadianElizabethGallaghercan47.useit.42．A.origin B．passportC．accent D．friend46．A.applying B．bookingC．checking D．bargaining[思路分析]依据45空后面的passportinformationwasnotrequired可知，当时不须要供应护照信息，只要有护照就能够申请，故42空选B；依据43空前面的bookedheavilydiscountedround-the-worldairticketsinMay可知，在五月订购了一张打折许多的机票，故46空选B。技法三利用习惯搭配解题[解题技法分述]完形填空常常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。熟识并驾驭固定搭配是解题的重要手段。[经典案例分析](2024·全国卷Ⅰ)MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart，aformergraduatereturningtoteach，andthis48.jobwasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction，hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50.passtheclass，amongothercriteria，wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52.eventually，toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53.courseandlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.classroom.49．A.real B．perfectC．clear D．possible51．A.add B．exposeC．apply D．compare[思路分析]49空所在的句子说，在他的介绍中，他明确表示这些学分不简单得到。make...clear意为“把……说清晰”为固定短语，故49空选C；51空所在的句子说，为了通过这门课，我们必需写一篇论文，讲解并描述我们如何安排将在课堂里所学的学问应用于将来的职业中。apply...to...“将……应用于……之中”，为固定短语，故51空选C。(2024·北京高考)NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea，whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjob34.offersandallsorts，”Mr.Andersoncommented.32．A.borrow B．raiseC．save D．earn33．A.of B．atC．for D．in[思路分析]32空所在的句子说，Mr.Anderson在网上发起一个活动为Mr.Smith和其他无家可归的人筹钱。raisemoney“筹钱”为固定短语，故32空选B；33空所在的句子说，我认为大家向他表示出的信任感动了他。faith常和介词in搭配，showfaithin意为“对……表示信任”，故33空选D。技法四利用逻辑关系解题[解题技法分述]文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有肯定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，选择关系，递进关系，因果关系，目的关系，说明关系等。完形填空常常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。[经典案例分析](2024·北京高考)Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn'tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26.whenhecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers28.It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29.honestguysoutthere.”27．A.rather B．yetC．already D．just28．A.too B．thoughC．again D．instead[思路分析]27和28空所在的句子说，这个人一无全部，但是他没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。27空前后是转折关系，andyet相当于but，故27空选B；28空表示的是选择关系，表示“替代”，故28空选D。(2024·浙江高考)Thebooksareineverylanguage—newbooks，ancientbooks，40abookonthehistoryofIraqthatissevenhundredyearsold.Shehadaskedthegovernmentfor41tomovethebookstoa42.safeplace，buttheyrefused.SoAliatookmattersintoherownhands.40．A.then B．stillC．even D．rather41．A.permission B．confirmationC．explanation D．information[思路分析]40空所在的句子在语义上表示递进，“有新书、古书，甚至还有700年前有关伊拉克历史的书籍”，故40空选C；42空后有but，应是转折关系，依据“但是他们拒绝了”，可知，她恳求过政府的允许，故41空选A。技法五利用情景解除解题[解题技法分述]完形填空的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“示意”的，这时就要求考生对空白前后的情景进行合志向象，然后用解除法确定正确选项，因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。[经典案例分析](2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Throughtheyears，I'drunintoformerstudentswhowouldprovide51onoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis52.graduationfromhighschoolandremainedthesame53.caringpersonImetfortyyearsbefore.Once，whileworkingovernightatastore，heletahomelessman54.sleepinhistruck.Anothertime，he55afriendmoneytobuyahouse.51．A.assessments B．commentsC．instructions D．updates55．A.paid B．chargedC．lent D．owed[思路分析]51题在文中找不到伏笔或示意，但依据前后的情景可知，作者这些年时常地会遇到以前的学生，他们会给他供应些老学生们的“新信息(updates)”，这样就可解除A、B、C三个选项，故51题选D；依据55空白后的“挚友买房”，可判定他借给了挚友一些钱，故55题选C。(2024·四川高考)Another53.trywasinorder.“Well，ifyoudon'twanttoreadit，giveit54.back.Maybeyourmomwould55hearingthestory.”ThebooksailedthroughtheairtoAuntDedeandshebegantoreaditaloud.Bytheendofthefirstchapter，56werecomingfromthebackseat：“Pleasereadalittle57.louder.”55．A.enjoy B．admitC．mind D．finish56．A.decisions B．requestsC．comments D．promises[思路分析]55和56题在文中找不到伏笔或示意，但依据前后的情景还是能推出答案的。55空前面说让小孩把书归还，“或许你的妈妈喜爱(enjoy)听这个故事”，其他选项明显与前后情景不符，可解除，故55题选A；56空后面的“Pleasereadalittle57.louder.”是一个祈使句，明显是表示“要求(requests)”，可很简单地解除其他选项，故56题选B。(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.Andthey'veneveractually21you.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou22throughthisdevicesometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.23theyfeeltheycanknowyou24fromthesoundofyourvoice.That'showpowerfulthe25is.Powerful,yes,butnotalways26.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani,myfacelessagentwhomI'dnevermet27，gotmerock­bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.Isometimeswishedto29anotheragent.Onemorning,Ihadto30animmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani'soffice31.Thewomansittingatthedesk，32mymadness，sympatheticallyjumpedup.Shegavemea33smile，noddedwhilelisteningpatiently，andthenprintedoutthe34immediately.“Whatawonderfullady！”Ithought.Rushingout35Icalledoutovermyshoulder，“Bytheway,what'syourname？”“I'mRani，”shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa36womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas37！WhyhadIthoughtshewascold?Raniwas，well，so38.Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport,Ifigureditallout.Rani's39—herwarmsmile,hernods，her‘I'mhereforyou’40—wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn'ttravelthroughwires.21．A.accepted B．noticedC．heard D．met22．A.came B．movedC．ran D．developed23．A.Thus B．YetC．Then D．Indeed24．A.rather B．alsoC．just D．already25．A.telephone B．voiceC．connection D．impression26．A.direct B．usefulC．easy D．accurate27．A.inperson B．bymyselfC．inpublic D．onpurpose28．A.annoyed B．interestedC．discouraged D．confused29．A.promote B．trainC．find D．know30．A.arrange B．postponeC．confirm D．book31．A.forthefirsttime B．atanytimeC．fromtimetotime D．ingoodtime32．A.expecting B．seeingC．testing D．avoiding33．A.shy B．comfortingC．familiar D．forced34．A.bill B．formC．ticket D．list35．A.hopefully B．disappointedlyC．gratefully D．regretfully36．A.careful B．seriousC．nervous D．pleasant37．A.amused B．worriedC．helpless D．speechless38．A.calm B．niceC．proud D．clever39．A.forgiveness B．eagernessC．friendliness D．skillfulness40．A.explanation B．attitudeC．concept D．behavior21．D词汇复现。依据其次段“Rani，myfacelessagentwhomI'dnevermet”可知，“他们