江苏省南通等六市2024届高三上学期第一次调研测试（一模）英语试题 含解析

南通市2024届高三第一次调研测试英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydidthewomanbuythedress?A.It’sherfavoritestyle.B.It’sneededforwork.C.It’sinexpensive.2.Whathasthemanstarteddoingrecently?A.Takingexercise.B.Keepingadiary.C.Learningtocook.3.Whichkindofhousedothespeakersworkinnow?A.Aone-roomstudio.B.Atwo-roomapartment.C.Atwo-storytownhouse.4.Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A.Explainingherworkduties.B.Checkingherbloodpressure.C.Schedulinghernextdoctor’svisit.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Waystomakealiving.B.Lessonsfromtheirjobs.C.Feelingsofworkinginacity.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheexam?A.It’seasy.B.It’ssurprising.C.It’sunimportant.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Cousins.B.Classmates.C.Teacherandstudent.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredidthewomanprobablylearnaboutthebook?AFromafriend.B.Fromtheman.C.FromTV.9.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Lendhimabook.B.Checkhiswriting.C.Teachhimsocialskills.10.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabookstore.B.Inalibrary.C.Onabeach.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatactivitywillthemanmainlydoduringhisvacation?A.Clothingshopping.B.Outdoorsports.C.Citytouring.12.Whoisthewomangoingonhertripwith?A.Hersister.B.Herparent.C.Herfriend.13.WhenwillthewomanreturnfromSouthKorea?A.OnMarch19th.B.OnMarch21st.C.OnMarch23rd.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Stressed.B.Excited.C.Bored.15.Whydidn’tthemancomebackhomeasplanned?A.Hehadtotakeexams.B.Hisflightwasdelayed.C.HewenttoaChristmasparty.16.Wherewillthespeakersgonext?A.Theman’shouse.B.Anairport.C.Asupermarket.17.Howisthewomanprobablyrelatedtotheman?A.Hisfriend.B.Histeacher.C.Hismother.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whoputforwardtheproposal?A.Agovernmentofficial.B.Aseniorstudent.C.Afoodexpert.19.Whenwillthenewplanbecarriedout?A.Today.B.Nextweek.C.Inoneyear.20.Whatisthejudgmentonthepolicybasedon?A.Thehealthconditionofthelisteners.B.Theprofitsmadebythedininghall.C.Thelevelofstudentsatisfactionwiththefood.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWheretoEatinKualaLumpurGreatrestaurantsinKualaLumpurofferagenuineglobaldiningexperience.Whetheryouarelookingtoenjoyheartycomfortfoodorsomelocaldelicacies,thecity’sdiningscenesatisfiesallcomers.Mum’sPlaceNothingbringsmorecomfortthanmom’scooking.Withrecipesinspiredbytheowners’mother,thisrestaurantbringsyouNyonyadishesthataretrulyMalaysian.LocatedinthedistrictofDamansaraPerdana,Mum’sPlaceisaneighbourhoodrestaurantwithitsmaincustomersfromresidentsnearby.Someofthebestdishesincludecencarufish,devilcurrychickenandbeefrendang.CantaloupeLocatedabout20minutesfromdowntownMalacca,itisahome-basedeaterywithabout10tablesmannedbyfouroperators.Unlikemostrestaurants,foodisself-servicehere,withdishesplacedoncateringpansforcustomerstochoosefrom.ItservestraditionalMalaysiandisheswithdistinctChineseinfluences.Youwillfindricedumplingsandchickenrendangamongtheofferings.Ithastwobranchesinthecity.Theirdishesselloutfast,soit’dbebesttoheadtherebeforelunchtime.YumYumRestaurantSituatedinthebeautifulShangri-LaHotel,YumYumRestaurantisamongthelocals’manyfavouritespotstodineat.ItoffersaninterestingNyonyaandThaifoodwithChineseinfluencesthatmakethemstandout.Theclassicdishesincludesambalpetaiprawns,assamfishheadandYumYumegg.Itcangetcrowdedhere,soit’dbebesttoheadthereearlyorcallaheadforreservations.TroikaSkyDiningOfferingfinedining,theimpressiveTroikaSkyDiningundoubtedlystandsoutfromthepack.Setonthe23rdfloorofTowerBofTheTroika,itgoeswithoutsayingthatthecloud-skimmingviewsherearesomethingelseentirely.Thefoodiswhathelpeditstandout.Itservesaward-winningFrench,Italian,Greek,andSpanishfoodandadventurousmenuofhigh-endpizzasandpasta.1.WhatdoMum’sPlaceandYumYumRestauranthaveincommon?A.Theyarebasedinhotels. B.TheyserveNyonyadishes.C.Theyneedpriorreservations. D.Theyofferbreathtakingviews.2.Whichrestaurantserveswesternfood?A.Mum’sPlace. B.Cantaloupe.C.YumYumRestaurant. D.TroikaSkyDining.3.What’sspecialaboutCantaloupe?A.Itisabuffetrestaurant. B.Itserveshard-to-finddishes.C.IthasbranchesthroughoutAsia. D.Itopensforlunchearlierthanothers.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了吉隆坡的四家各具特色的餐馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Mum’sPlace部分的“Nothingbringsmorecomfortthanmom’scooking.Withrecipesinspiredbytheowners’mother,thisrestaurantbringsyouNyonyadishesthataretrulyMalaysian.(没有什么比妈妈做的菜更让人舒服的了。这家餐厅的食谱灵感来自老板的母亲，为您带来真正的马来西亚娘惹菜。)”以及YumYumRestaurant部分的“SituatedinthebeautifulShangri-LaHotel,YumYumRestaurantisamongthelocals’manyfavouritespotstodineat.ItoffersaninterestingNyonyaandThaifoodwithChineseinfluencesthatmakethemstandout.(坐落在美丽的香格里拉大酒店，YumYum餐厅是当地人最喜欢的用餐地点之一。它提供有趣的娘惹菜和泰国菜，受到中国的影响，使它们脱颖而出。)”可知Mum’sPlaceandYumYumRestaurant的共同之处在于这两家餐厅都提供娘惹菜。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章TroikaSkyDining部分的“Itservesaward-winningFrench,Italian,Greek,andSpanishfoodandadventurousmenuofhigh-endpizzasandpasta.(它提供一流的法国，意大利，希腊，和西班牙的食物和冒险菜单的高端披萨和意大利面。)”可知TroikaSkyDining提供西方食物。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Cantaloupe部分的“Unlikemostrestaurants,foodisself-servicehere,withdishesplacedoncateringpansforcustomerstochoosefrom.(与大多数餐馆不同的是，这里的食物是自助的，盘子里的菜供顾客选择。)”可知Cantaloupe的特殊之处在于它是一家自助餐厅。故选A项。BThemotivationforhisinventioncametoAarravAnillastyearwhenhesawhisuncleArjun,whohasParkinson’sdisease,struggletoeat.Somefoodspilled(溢出)outofhismouth,therestsplattered(溅)onhisclothes.Arjunattemptedtokeephisdignitybutthefrustrationforcedhimtogiveupandcallhishelpertofeedhim.Thesightofhisuncle’sshakingthespoonsoviolentlyinspiredAarrav,17,fromBengaluru,southIndia,toturntorobotics.Helockedhimselfinhisroomwithmicrocontrollers,sensors,motors,anda3Dprinter.Whatemergedwasaprototype(原型)ofasmartspoonthatisnowundergoingtrialsattheRVCollegeofPhysiotherapyinBengaluru.Thesensorsinthebattery-operatedspoondetectshakingononesideandactivatemovementontheother,effectivelycancellingoutshakingtokeepthespoonstable.“I’vebeenfinetuningthedesignbasedonthecollege’sfeedback-thatitneedstobewaterproofsothatitcanbewashedwithoutdamagingalltheelectronicsinside;thatitmustberemovablesoitcanbecleanedandreplacedbyafork,”Aarravsays.ForAarravitisthepeakofa10-yearinterestinmechanicsthatbeganwhenhismotherboughthimaLegoset.HehasnowrepresentedIndiaatmorethan20roboticscompetitionsacrosstheworld.Whentheblueprintforthesmartspoonwonfirstprizeinthefutureinnovatorscategoryatlastyear’sWorldRobotOlympiadinGermany,Aarravfeltencouragedtomaketheprototype.Morethan7millionpeopleinIndiaareestimatedtohaveParkinson’sdisease,aconditioninwhichpartsofthebrainbecomeprogressivelydamagedandwhichmainlyaffectspeopleovertheageof50.Symptoms(症状)includeinvoluntaryshakingandstiffmuscles.Asthediseaseprogresses,eatingcanbecomemoredifficult,forcingpeopletorelyonhelpfromothers.Aarrav’sambitionisthateveryfamilythathassomeonewithParkinson’swillhavethesmartspoon.HesayshisuncleArjun’swordskeepechoing(回响)inhismind:“Whowouldhavethoughtsuchasmallthingcouldmeanthedifferencebetweendignityandindignity?”4.WhatcanAarrav’sinventionhelppeoplewithParkinson’sdo?A.Controltheirphysicalbalance. B.Boosttheirmoodandrelievestress.C.Maintainagoodrangeofmovement. D.Feedthemselvesmoreindependently.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“finetuning”inparagraph4mean?A.Overturning. B.Reconsidering.C.Conductingastudyof. D.Makingminorchangesto.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningParkinson’sinIndia?A.ToshowprospectsofAarrav’sinvention.B.Torevealthenation’spoorhealthsituation.C.Topopularizegeneralknowledgeofthedisease.D.Toconvincepeopletovolunteerforsocialcauses.7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAarravfromthetext?A.Heenjoysbeingalone. B.Hehasaninnovativemind.C.Heusedtobeahealthworker. D.Helongedtobeabusinessman.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aarrav发明智能勺子的原因和过程。【4题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Arjunattemptedtokeephisdignitybutthefrustrationforcedhimtogiveupandcallhishelpertofeedhim.(Arjun试图保持他的尊严，但沮丧迫使他放弃，叫他的帮手喂他。)”和第二段中“Thesightofhisuncle’sshakingthespoonsoviolentlyinspiredAarrav,17,fromBengaluru,southIndia,toturntorobotics.(17岁的亚拉夫来自印度南部的班加罗尔，看到叔叔如此猛烈地摇晃勺子，他决定转向机器人技术。)、最后一段中“HesayshisuncleArjun’swordskeepechoing(回响)inhismind:“Whowouldhavethoughtsuchasmallthingcouldmeanthedifferencebetweendignityandindignity?”(他说，他叔叔阿琼的话一直在他脑海里回响:“谁会想到这么一件小事就意味着尊严和侮辱的区别？”)”可知，Aarrav的发明能帮助帕金森氏症患者更独立地自己进食。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。由文章划线词后“thedesignbasedonthecollege’sfeedback-thatitneedstobewaterproofsothatitcanbewashedwithoutdamagingalltheelectronicsinside;thatitmustberemovablesoitcanbecleanedandreplacedbyafork(根据学院的反馈，它需要防水，这样在清洗时不会损坏里面的所有电子设备；它必须是可拆卸的，这样就可以清洁和更换叉子)”可知，Aarrav根据学院的反馈对智能勺子进行调整，所以划线词的意思是“调整”。A.Overturning倾覆；B.Reconsidering重新考虑；C.Conductingastudyof进行研究；D.Makingminorchangesto对进行微小更改。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Morethan7millionpeopleinIndiaareestimatedtohaveParkinson’sdisease,aconditioninwhichpartsofthebrainbecomeprogressivelydamagedandwhichmainlyaffectspeopleovertheageof50.(据估计，印度有700多万人患有帕金森氏症，这是一种大脑部分逐渐受损的疾病，主要影响50岁以上的人群。)”可知，作者提到印度帕金森氏症的目的是展示Aarrav发明的前景。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Thesightofhisuncle’sshakingthespoonsoviolentlyinspiredAarrav,17,fromBengaluru,southIndia,toturntorobotics.Helockedhimselfinhisroomwithmicrocontrollers,sensors,motors,anda3Dprinter.Whatemergedwasaprototype(原型)ofasmartspoonthatisnowundergoingtrialsattheRVCollegeofPhysiotherapyinBengaluru.(17岁的亚拉夫来自印度南部的班加罗尔，看到叔叔如此猛烈地摇晃勺子，他决定转向机器人技术。他把自己锁在房间里，屋里有微控制器、传感器、马达和一台3D打印机。最终出现的是一个智能勺子的原型，目前正在班加罗尔的RV物理治疗学院进行试验。)”和第五段“ForAarravitisthepeakofa10-yearinterestinmechanicsthatbeganwhenhismotherboughthimaLegoset.HehasnowrepresentedIndiaatmorethan20roboticscompetitionsacrosstheworld.(对阿拉夫来说，这是他10年来对机械的兴趣达到的顶峰，他的母亲给他买了一套乐高积木。他现在已经代表印度参加了世界各地的20多个机器人比赛。)”可知，Aarrav有创新的头脑。故选B。CSavingUs:AClimateScientist’sCaseforHopeandHealinginaDividedWorldisoneofthemoreimportantbooksaboutclimatechangetohavebeenwritten.HayhoeisagiftedpublicspeakerandSavingUsisafollow-uptoherawesomeTEDtalkin2018,“Themostimportantthingyoucandotofightclimatechange:talkaboutit”.OneofthemanyrefreshingaspectsofthisbookisthatHayhoerecountsbothhersuccessesandherfailurestocommunicate,throughwhichshehasgatheredevidenceaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesnot.Muchofthebook’sadviceiscommonsense,allbackedupnotjustbyHayhoe’sexperiencebutalsowithconvincingresearchbypsychologistsandsocialscientists.Hayhoeadvisesagainsttryingtoengagewithasmallminority,the“Dismissives”,who“angrilyrejecttheideathathuman-causedclimatechangeisathreat;theyaremostreceptivetomisinformationandconspiracytheories(阴谋论)”.Thereisawarningthatofferingupmorefactsaboutclimatechangecanactuallyincreasepolarisationamongthem.Thebookincludesamusingexamplesofherencounterswiththe“Dismissives”,almostentirelyoldermen-includinganengineerwhowasunconvincedabouttheevidencebutwithwhomshewasabletoestablishmutual(相互的)respectthroughasharedpassionforknitting(打毛线衣)—andispackedwithinspiringaccountsofhowshehaswonovereventhemostsuspiciousofcrowds.Hermottois“bond,connectandinspire”,whichrepresentsherapproachofalwayslookingforpointsofcommonality.ShealsotellsofamanwhoapproachedherafteraneventinLondonin2019.HehadbeensoinspiredbyherTEDtalkthathehadstartedtospeaktoeverybodyhecouldinhisneighborhoodofWandsworth.Heshowedherdetailsof12,000conversationsthathadtakenplaceasaresult,claimingthattheyhadhelpedtoconvincethecounciltodeclareaclimateemergencyandtoswitchinvestmentsfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergy.Andso,whileitmayfeeldifficulttoinfluencetheoutcomeoftheCOP26,Hayhoe’supliftingbookmakesapersuasivecasethatwecanalldoourbittobringaboutsuccessjustbytalkingabouttheissue.8.Whatdoesthebookmainlyfocuson?A.Sharingclimatecommunicationtips.B.TeachingpresentationskillswithTEDtalks.C.Exploringcriticalthinkingthroughliterature.D.Promotingpeople’sinsightintoclimatechange.9.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheadviceinthebook?A.Humorousbutone-sided. B.Novelbutcontradictory.C.Seriousandhardtofollow. D.Well-basedandworkable.10.HowdidHayhoewinoverthe“Dismissives”?A.Bychangingtheirpoliticalidentity.B.Bychallengingtheirfundamentalbeliefs.C.Byofferingmorefactsaboutclimatechange.D.Byseekingcommongroundbuiltonasharedlove.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybytellingthestoryinparagraph5?A.Worldshifttocleanenergyisunstoppable.B.Weshouldhelppeoplepreparefortheclimatecrisis.C.Policymakersarelessresponsivetomarketchanges.D.Conversationscaninfluenceclimatedecision-making.【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。Hayhoe的书——《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一。文章主要介绍了这本书。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“SavingUs:AClimateScientist’sCaseforHopeandHealinginaDividedWorldisoneofthemoreimportantbooksaboutclimatechangetohavebeenwritten.(《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一。)”和第二段中“OneofthemanyrefreshingaspectsofthisbookisthatHayhoerecountsbothhersuccessesandherfailurestocommunicate,throughwhichshehasgatheredevidenceaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesnot.Muchofthebook’sadviceiscommonsense(这本书的许多令人耳目一新的方面之一是海霍讲述了她在沟通方面的成功和失败，通过这些她收集了关于什么有效、什么无效的证据。书中的大部分建议都是常识)”可知，这本书主要分享了气候沟通的建议。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据二段中“Muchofthebook’sadviceiscommonsense,allbackedupnotjustbyHayhoe’sexperiencebutalsowithconvincingresearchbypsychologistsandsocialscientists.(书中的大部分建议都是常识，所有这些建议不仅得到海霍的经验的支持，而且得到了心理学家和社会科学家令人信服的研究的支持。)”可知，书中的这些建议是可行的，根据第四段中“Thebookincludesamusingexamplesofherencounterswiththe“Dismissives”,almostentirelyoldermen-includinganengineerwhowasunconvincedabouttheevidencebutwithwhomshewasabletoestablishmutual(相互的)respectthroughasharedpassionforknitting(打毛线衣)—andispackedwithinspiringaccountsofhowshehaswonovereventhemostsuspiciousofcrowds.(这本书包含了她与“不屑一顾的人”相遇的有趣例子，这些人几乎都是年长的男性，其中包括一名对证据不相信的工程师，但她能够通过对编毛衣的共同热情与他建立相互的尊重——书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了她如何赢得了最可疑的人群的支持。)”可知，这本书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，由此可推知，这本书是有事实基础的，即有良好的基础，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thebookincludesamusingexamplesofherencounterswiththe“Dismissives”,almostentirelyoldermen-includinganengineerwhowasunconvincedabouttheevidencebutwithwhomshewasabletoestablishmutual(相互的)respectthroughasharedpassionforknitting(打毛线衣)—andispackedwithinspiringaccountsofhowshehaswonovereventhemostsuspiciousofcrowds.(这本书包含了她与“不屑一顾的人”相遇的有趣例子，这些人几乎都是年长的男性，其中包括一名对证据不相信的工程师，但她能够通过对编毛衣的共同热情与他建立相互的尊重——书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了她如何赢得了最可疑的人群的支持。)”可知，海霍通过在共同的爱好的基础上寻求共同点，来赢得“轻蔑者”的支持，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“ShealsotellsofamanwhoapproachedherafteraneventinLondonin2019.HehadbeensoinspiredbyherTEDtalkthathehadstartedtospeaktoeverybodyhecouldinhisneighborhoodofWandsworth.Heshowedherdetailsof12,000conversationsthathadtakenplaceasaresult,claimingthattheyhadhelpedtoconvincethecounciltodeclareaclimateemergencyandtoswitchinvestmentsfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergy.(她还讲述了2019年伦敦的一次活动后，一名男子向她走来。他受到她的TED演讲的启发，开始与旺兹沃斯附近的每个人交谈。他向她展示了由此发生的12000次对话的详细信息，声称这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源)”和最后一段中“Hayhoe’supliftingbookmakesapersuasivecasethatwecanalldoourbittobringaboutsuccessjustbytalkingabouttheissue.(海霍这本令人振奋的书提出了一个有说服力的案例，即我们都可以通过谈论这个问题尽自己的一份力量来取得成功。)”可知，这个故事表明，这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源，由此可推知，作者通过第五段的故事表明对话可以影响气候决策。故选D。DRamirezCastañeda,aColombianbiologist,spendshertimeintheAmazonstudyinghowsnakeseatpoisonousfrogswithoutgettingill.Althoughherfindingscomeinmanyshapesandsizes,sheandhercolleagueshavestruggledtogettheirbiologicaldiscoveriesouttothewiderscientificcommunity.WithSpanishashermothertongue,herresearchhadtobetranslatedintoEnglishtobepublished.Thatwasn’talwayspossiblebecauseofbudgetortime-anditmeansthatsomeofherfindingswereneverpublished.“It’snotthatI’mabadscientist,”shesays.“It’sjustbecauseofthelanguage.”Castañedaisnotalone.Thereisplentyofresearchinnon-English-languagepapersthatgetslostintranslation,orisnevertranslated.Aresearchlookedthroughmorethan400,000peer-reviewedpapersin16differentlanguagesandfound1,234studiesprovidingevidenceonbiodiversityconservationwhich,becausetheyweren’tinEnglish,mayhavebeenoverlooked.TheseincludedJapanese-languagefindingsontheeffectivenessofrelocatingtheendangeredBlakiston’sfishowl,thelargestowlspecies.Someexpertsarguethatforthesakeofthebiggerpicture,scientificknowledgeshouldconverge(转换)intoonecommonlanguage.Scienceisveryglobalisedandbecomingmoreso,sotheuseofagloballanguageisenormousforthat.Ofcourse,scientistscanworkwithanEnglishpartner,oruseatranslator-butthisultimatelystrengthensthecycleofdependencyontheglobalnorth,leadingtoinequalityininternationalinfluence.Thespecificmeaningsofwordscanalsoposeaproblemintranslation.Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.“Sowe’relosingobservationsforscience,too,”saysCastañeda.“Forme,it’snotpossibletojusthaveeverythingtranslatedintoEnglish.Weneedmultilingual(多语种的)science,andweneedpeoplethatfeelcomfortabledoingscienceintheirownlanguages.Itcouldbepossibletoswitchtoaworldwhere,say,Chinese,EnglishandSpanisharethethreelanguagesofscience,justasEnglish,FrenchandGermanwerethelanguagesofscienceinthe19thcentury.”12.WhatpreventedCastañeda’sdiscoveriesfrombeingmorewidelyknown?A.Poormanagement. B.Oppositionfromhercolleagues.CHerbadreputation. D.Thelanguagebarrier.13.What’stheconsequenceofthedominantfocusonEnglishinscientificresearch?A.Inefficientwildlifeconservation.B.Aknowledgegapinthescientificworld.C.Agrowinginterestinnon-Englishpapers.D.Inadequatejobopportunitiesfortranslators.14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioningforestsnakesandfrogs?A.Theurgencytoprotectrarespecies.B.Theneedtoadoptonegloballanguage.C.Thechallengesintranslatingscientifictexts.D.ThebiodiversityontheSouthAmericancontinent.15.Whatispresentedinthelastparagraphofthetext?A.Apotentialsolution. B.Atheoreticalmodel.C.Apopularbelief. D.Aglobaltrend.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以一位哥伦比亚生物学家遭遇的语言问题为例，揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此，一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同。作者认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等，并且有些专业术语很难被英语翻译。因此，作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“RamirezCastañeda,aColombianbiologist,spendshertimeintheAmazonstudyinghowsnakeseatpoisonousfrogswithoutgettingill.Althoughherfindingscomeinmanyshapesandsizes,sheandhercolleagueshavestruggledtogettheirbiologicaldiscoveriesouttothewiderscientificcommunity.WithSpanishashermothertongue,herresearchhadtobetranslatedintoEnglishtobepublished.Thatwasn’talwayspossiblebecauseofbudgetortime-anditmeansthatsomeofherfindingswereneverpublished.(RamirezCastañeda是哥伦比亚的一位生物学家，她花时间在亚马逊研究蛇如何吃掉有毒的青蛙而不生病。尽管她的发现有多种形式和大小，但她和她的同事们一直在努力将他们的生物学发现推广到更广泛的科学界。由于她的母语是西班牙语，她的研究必须翻译成英语才能发表。由于预算或时间的原因，这并不总是可能的，这意味着她的一些发现从未发表过)”可知，语言障碍阻止了Castañeda的发现被更广泛地了解。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题，根据第五段“Ofcourse,scientistscanworkwithanEnglishpartner,oruseatranslator-butthisultimatelystrengthensthecycleofdependencyontheglobalnorth,leadingtoinequalityininternationalinfluence.Thespecificmeaningsofwordscanalsoposeaproblemintranslation.Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.(当然，科学家可以与英国伙伴合作，或者使用翻译，但这最终会加强对全球北方的依赖循环，导致国际影响力的不平等。单词的特定含义也会给翻译带来问题。例如，在Castafieda对亚马逊土著社区所做的工作中，很难用英语找到一个词来描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，科学研究中以英语为主导的结果是产生知识鸿沟。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.(例如，在Castafieda对亚马逊土著社区所做的工作中，很难用英语找到一个词来描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，作者以该词为例，旨在说明翻译一些科学研究中的文本存在挑战。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Sowe’relosingobservationsforscience,too,”saysCastañeda.“Forme,it’snotpossibletojusthaveeverythingtranslatedintoEnglish.Weneedmultilingual(多语种的)science,andweneedpeoplethatfeelcomfortabledoingscienceintheirownlanguages.Itcouldbepossibletoswitchtoaworldwhere,say,Chinese,EnglishandSpanisharethethreelanguagesofscience,justasEnglish,FrenchandGermanwerethelanguagesofscienceinthe19thcentury.”(“所以我们也在失去科学观测，”Castañeda说。“对我来说，不可能把所有东西都翻译成英语。我们需要多语言的科学，我们需要人们能够自如地用自己的语言从事科学研究。有可能切换到一个世界，比如汉语、英语和西班牙语是三种科学语言，就像英语、法语和德语是19世纪的科学语言一样。”)”可知，本段主要介绍一个潜在的解决方案。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Learninghowtoapologizeissimilartolearninganynewbehavior.Itmayfeelawkwardandmaynotbepolishedatfirst.____16____Thereareseveraltipsthatwillhelpyouasyoulearnhowtoapologize.Firstofall,waituntiltherighttimeandyouareintherightplace.Althoughpublicapologyisoftenappropriate,discretion(谨慎)shouldbeused.____17____Remember,youwillberaisingatopicthatmayrecallabadexperienceorbadfeelings.Berespectfulasyouapproachthistask.Bedirectandbriefinyourapproach.Acknowledgethefactthatinjuryhasoccurredandthentakeresponsibilityforwhathappened.Besincereinexpressingyourregretanddemonstrateyourwillingnesstotakeownershipofthesituation.____18____Evenifyoufollowthesesteps,bepreparedforrejection.Sometimes,thepersonapologizinghasanexpectationthattheapologywillleadtoimmediateforgivenessandacceptance.____19____Ifyouthinkoftheoffense(冒犯)asanemotionalbruise(瘀伤),thinkofthehealingprocessasthecolorchangesweseeasabruiseheals.____20____Knowingwhentokeepone’smouthshutisavirtue.Keepingquietmaybeverydifficult,aspost-apologylisteningisnoteasy.Wemayhearunpleasantobservationsfromanotheraboutourownshortcomings.Wemayheartheexpressionofanger.Oneofthewaysweletothersknowwearetrulyresponsibleandaccountableforourmistakesisbylisteningtotheotherpartypouroutthefeelingsassociatedwithouractions.A.Forgivenessandacceptancemaytaketime.B.Togiveorreceiveagoodapologyisanart.C.Butwithpractice,everyonecanlearntodoit.D.Listeningtotheresponsetoourapologiesisimportant.E.Mostapologiescanandshouldhappeninaprivatesetting.F.Inotherwords,avoidexcusesandoffertorepairthedamage.G.Takingresponsibilitydoesn’tmeanacceptingblameforeverything.【答案】16.C17.E18.F19.A20.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以帮助你学习如何道歉的技巧。【16题详解】上文“Learninghowtoapologizeissimilartolearninganynewbehavior.Itmayfeelawkwardandmaynotbepolishedatfirst.(学习如何道歉与学习任何新行为类似。一开始可能会感觉别扭，可能没有被打磨好。)”指出学习道歉一开始可能会让你感到别扭，下文“Thereareseveraltipsthatwillhelpyouasyoulearnhowtoapologize.(当您学习如何道歉时，有一些技巧可以帮助您。)”指出有些技巧可以帮助您学习道歉，这说明通过学习就能学会如何道歉，C项“但通过练习，每个人都可以学会这样做。”符合，承上启下，故选C。【17题详解】上文“Firstofall,waituntiltherighttimeandyouareintherightplace.Althoughpublicapologyisoftenappropriate,discretion(谨慎)shouldbeused.(首先，等到合适的时间和地点。尽管公开道歉通常是合适的，但仍应谨慎行事。)”指出公开道歉需要谨慎行事，要等到合适的时间和地点，空处承接上文，E项“大多数道歉可以而且应该在私人场合进行。”符合，具体介绍了在什么地点适合公开道歉，故选E。【18题详解】上文“Acknowledgethefactthatinjuryhasoccurredandthentakeresponsibilityforwhathappened.Besincereinexpressingyourregretanddemonstrateyourwillingnesstotakeownershipofthesituation.(承认已经发生伤害的事实，然后对所发生的事情承担责任。真诚地表达你的遗憾，并表明你愿意对事情负责。)”可知，道歉时要承认已经发生伤害的事实，并承担自己的责任，这说明不要为自己找借口，要主动承担责任，修复问题，F项“换句话说，避免找借口并主动修复损坏。”符合，故选F。【19题详解】上文“Evenifyoufollowthesesteps,bepreparedforrejection.Sometimes,thepersonapologizinghasanexpectationthattheapologywillleadtoimmediateforgivenessandacceptance.(即使您遵循这些步骤，也要做好被拒绝的准备。有时，道歉的人期望道歉会立即得到原谅和接受。)”可知，要做好被拒绝的准备，道歉的人期望会立即得到原谅且被接受，但是原谅和接受是需要时间的，A项“原谅和接受可能需要时间。”符合，承接上文，故选A。【20题详解】此处是本段中心句，下文“Knowingwhentokeepone’smouthshutisavirtue.Keepingquietmaybeverydifficult,aspost-apologylisteningisnoteasy.Wemayhearunpleasantobservationsfromanotheraboutourownshortcomings.Wemayheartheexpression