上海市杨浦区2025届高三下学期二模试题 英语 含解析

杨浦区2024学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2025.4考生注意：1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。2．本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3．务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。Ⅰ．GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GermanSubwayStationCatchesEveryone’sAttentionIfyouhavethechancetotraveltoFrankfurt,it’sworthmakingastopattheBockenheimerWartesubwaystationjusttoseeitsuniqueentryway.___1___hasavividimaginationmightbeconvincedoftheexistenceofpowerfulsupervillains(超级反派).Theeye-catchingarchitecturethatmarkstheentrancetothestationlooksasifa___2___(threaten)gianthasliftedupatramcarandthrownitintothesolidconcretesidewalk.Inreality,ithasamuch___3___(practical)origin.Theconstructionofthisstationentrance,whichlooksparticularlylikethewreckageofatrolleycarhalfburiedintheground,___4___(credit)toanarchitectnamedZbigniewPeterPininski.___5___(feature)familiarobjects,suchasapples,eggs,birds,pipes,andclocks,inunusualcontexts,hewasabletoarouseasenseofwonderandcuriosityamongviewers.Inadditiontohisloveforabstractart,Pininskialsohadanotherreason___6___accountedforhismotivationtobuildsuchauniquesubwayentrance.Atthetime,thesubwaystationwassimplyaproposal___7___(extend)Frankfurt’ssubwaysystem.Manyofthelocalresidentswereconcernedabouttheimpacttheconstructionanddevelopment___8___(have)onthecommunity.Theissueledtoafiercedebate,withsomepeopleopposedtotheproject.Pininski’sunusualdesignhelpedwinoverenoughsupportforthesubwaystationtoget“thegreenlight”,anditwasbuiltin1986.Whilesomeresidentsstillcomplainedabouttheexpansionofthesubwaynetworkintotheirarea,Pininski’screativearchitecturewonpraisefrommany___9___.Ithasevenbecomeatouristattractionforpeopletoshootphotosofthemselvesnearwhatcouldbedescribed____10____aworkofart.Magritte,thelateBelgiansurrealistmaster,wouldhaveapprovedoftheBockenheimerWartesubwaystation.【答案】1.Whoever2.threatening3.morepractical4.wascredited5.Featuring6.that##which7.toextend8.wouldhave9.others10.as【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国法兰克福BockenheimerWarte地铁站的独特入口设计，包括其外观特点、设计师的创意来源、设计背后的故事以及该设计对当地社区和游客的影响。【1题详解】考查主语从句。句意：任何一个想象力丰富的人可能都会相信强大超级反派的存在。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少主语，意为“任何一个……的人”，用whoever引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Whoever。【2题详解】考查形容词。句意：这个引人注目的车站入口建筑，看起来就像是一个极具威胁性的巨人举起了一辆有轨电车，并把它扔到了坚硬的水泥人行道上。空处为修饰名词用形容词，意为“有威胁性的”，用threatening作定语。故填threatening。【3题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：而实际上，它的由来要实用得多。空处为形容词形式修饰名词，根据空前的“much”以及句意可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填morepractical。【4题详解】考查短语和时态。句意：这个看起来特别像一辆半埋在地下的电车残骸的车站入口的建造归功于一位名叫ZbigniewPeterPininski的建筑师。空处为本句谓语动词；becreditedto为固定短语，意为“归功于”，句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语为Theconstruction，是单数，be动词用was。故填wascredited。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他将苹果、鸡蛋、鸟、管道和时钟等常见物品置于不寻常的场景中，从而能够唤起观者的惊奇感和好奇心。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语he和feature之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Featuring。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了对抽象艺术的热爱之外，Pininski打造这样一个独特的地铁站入口还有另外一个原因。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为reason，指物，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，这个地铁站还只是法兰克福地铁系统扩建的一个提议。空处为非谓语动词形式，担当名词proposal的后置定语，用动词不定式形式。故填toextend。【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意：许多当地居民担心建设和开发会给社区带来影响。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可判断，此处表示从过去的角度看将来会发生的动作，应用过去将来时；主语theconstructionanddevelopment和动词have之间为主动关系。故填wouldhave。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：尽管一些居民仍然抱怨地铁网络扩展到了他们所在的区域，但Pininski富有创意的建筑却赢得了许多其他人的赞誉。空处为代词形式，意为“其他人”，用代词others。故填others。【10题详解】考查固定短语。句意：它甚至成为了一个旅游景点，人们会在这个可以被称为艺术品的地方附近自拍留念。固定短语：bedescribedas，意为“被描述为、被称为……”，符合句意。故填as。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．preservingB．focusC．ultimatelyD．determinedE．typicallyF．demandingG．generalH．exclusionaryI．powerJ．engagedK．changedHundredsofBirdstobeRenamedTheAmericanOrnithological(鸟类的)Society(AOS)hasannouncedthatitwillrenameallbirdsthatarenamedafterpeople.Thechangeisbeingmadetoensurethatnamesofpeoplewho___11___indiscriminationarenotattachedtothebirds.TheAOS,basedinChicago,hasmaintainedalistofEnglish-languagenamesforbirdsinNorthAmericasince1886.In2020,apetition(请愿书)___12___achangetobirdnamesthatwereconsideredharmfulwassignedby182peopleandsubmittedtotheAOS.Acommittee___13___thatallbirdsnamedafterpeopleshouldgetnewnames.“Thereis___14___inaname,”saidColleenHandel,thepresidentofAOS.“SomeEnglishbirdnameshaveassociationswiththepastthatcontinuetobe___15___.”Thenewnames,shesaid,would___16___on“theuniquefeatureofthebirdsthemselves.”TheAOSwillbegincomingupwithnewcommonnamesforthebirdsearlyNovember,focusingon70to80speciesintheUSandCanada.Thescientificnamesofthespecies,writteninLatin,willnotbe___17___.ThenamesofbirdsinLatinAmericawillbeconsiderednext.And___18___,theAOSplanstochangethenamesof263birds.Somebirdshavealreadygottenanewname.In2020,theAOSrenamedasongbirdthathadbeennamedaftera(n)___19___intheUSCivilWar(1861-1865)whohadbeenpartoftheConfederacy,thegroupofstatesthatwascommittedto____20____slavery.Thesongbird’snewnameisthethick-billedlongspur.ChristianCooper,aBlackbirdenthusiast,toldTheNewYorkTimes,“There’snoreasontohaveaperson’snameattachedtoabirdbecauseitdoesn’ttellyouanythingaboutthebird.”【答案】11.J12.F13.D14.I15.H16.B17.K18.C19.G20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是美国鸟类学会（AOS）决定重新命名所有以人名命名的鸟类，特别是那些与历史上参与歧视行为的人相关的名称。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：这一改变旨在确保那些曾参与歧视行为的人的名字不会与鸟类相关联。由“indiscriminationarenotattachedtothebirds”可知，句子表示“曾参与歧视行为的人的名字不会与鸟类相关联”，空格处意为“参与”，是engage，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选J。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年，一份要求更改被认为具有伤害性的鸟类名称的请愿书得到了182人的签署，并被提交给了AOS。由“petition”和“achangetobirdnames”可知，句子表示“一份要求更改被认为具有伤害性的鸟类名称的请愿书”，空格处意为“要求”，是demand，句中谓语是wassigned，空格处用非谓语动词，petition和demand之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故选F。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：一个委员会决定，所有以人名命名的鸟类都应更换新名称。由“thatallbirdsnamedafterpeopleshouldgetnewnames”可知，句子表示“一个委员会决定，所有以人名命名的鸟类都应更换新名称”，空格处意为“决定”，是determine，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选D。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：“名字蕴含着力量，”AOS主席ColleenHandel说道。由“SomeEnglishbirdnameshaveassociationswiththepast”可知，句子表示“名字蕴含着力量”，空格处意为“力量”，是power，是不可数名词，故选I。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：一些英语鸟类的名字与过去有联系，这仍然是排他性的。由“SomeEnglishbirdnameshaveassociationswiththepast”可知，句子表示“这仍然是排他性的”，空格处意为“排他性的”，是exclusionary，故选H。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：新名称将聚焦于“鸟类本身的独特特征”。由“on“theuniquefeatureofthebirdsthemselves.””可知，句子表示“聚焦于“鸟类本身的独特特征””，空格处意为“聚焦”，是focus，would后跟动词原形，故选B。【17题详解】考查被动语态。句意：这些物种的拉丁学名（用拉丁文书写）将保持不变。由“Thescientificnamesofthespecies,writteninLatin”可知，句子表示“这些物种的拉丁学名（用拉丁文书写）将保持不变”，空格处意为“改变”，是change，名词是被改变，句子用被动语态，空前有willnotbe，空格处用过去分词，故选K。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：最终，AOS计划更改263种鸟类的名称。由“theAOSplanstochangethenamesof263birds”可知，句子表示“最终，AOS计划更改263种鸟类的名称”，空格处意为“最终”，是ultimately，故选C。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：2020年，AOS将一种鸣禽重新命名，这种鸣禽原本是以美国内战（1861-1865年）期间的一位将军命名的，该将军曾是南方联盟（一个致力于维护奴隶制的州联盟）的一员。由“intheUSCivilWar”可知，句子表示“以美国内战期间的一位将军命名的”，空格处意为“将军”，是general，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选G。【20题详解】考查动名词。句意：2020年，AOS将一种鸣禽重新命名，这种鸣禽原本是以美国内战（1861-1865年）期间的一位将军命名的，该将军曾是南方联盟（一个致力于维护奴隶制的州联盟）的一员。由“Confederacy,thegroupofstatesthatwascommittedto”和“slavery”可知，句子表示“该将军曾是南方联盟（一个致力于维护奴隶制的州联盟）的一员”，空格处意为“维护”，是preserve，to是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语，故选A。Ⅱ．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.“Honestyisthebestpolicy”isacommonsaying,butinmanysituations,peopledonotwanttohearthetruth.Whetherit’safactoflifethatthey___21___wereotherwiseoracriticismoftheirbehavior,everyonehastruthsthattheywanttoignore.Thesetruthsarecalledtruthbombs,especiallywhentheyaretoldina___22___way.Thiscomparisonshowsthattruthcancausedamageifnothandledwell.Sometimeswedroptruthbombsoutofanger.Wemay___23___ourwordsbysayingthatweneedtoexpressouremotionsortohelptheotherpersonchangetheirways.Butoftenweusethetruthasa(n)___24___tomaketheotherpersonfeelbadandtorepaythemforwhattheydid.Truthbombsrarelyleadtoproductivediscussionbecausetheycausea___25___reaction.Thereceivermay___26___thecriticismorcounteritwithatruthbomboftheirown.Truthbombsalsooftenfailtorepresentthewholetruth.Angercanmakeitdifficulttoseethebigpicture,leadingtoan___27___misrepresentationofthetruth.Sometimespeopledoneedtohearhardtruths.Pretendingthatproblemsdonot___28___canweakentrustjustasmuchasdroppingtruthbombscan.Andfailingtoaddressproblemsinrelationshipscanleadtohatred,whichmay___29___boiloverintoconflict.Butitispossibleto____30____truthwithoutturningitintoabomb.Herearesomewaystodothat:●Payattentiontotiming.Itisoftenhelpfultogivethepersonsomeadvance____31____sotheyhavetimetomentallyprepare.●Askquestions.Don’tmake____32____aboutpeople’smotivation,butaskthemthereasonsfortheiractions.Alsoaskifthereareproblemsthatare____33____theirmistakesthatyoucouldhelpwith.Thesequestionswillhelpyougraspthesituationmorefully,andtherecipientmayacceptthecriticismmoreeasily.●Beasspecificaspossibleabouttheproblem.Avoidsweepingstatementsandgeneralizationsthatusetermssuchas“____34____”and“never.”Bypresentingtruthandaddressingproblemsinaconstructiveway,youcanstrengthenrelationshipsandavoidtheemotional____35____.21.A.declare B.wish C.foresee D.show22.A.friendly B.logical C.harsh D.concrete23.A.repeat B.justify C.digest D.misuse24.A.anchor B.trial C.pattern D.weapon25.A.defensive B.positive C.creative D.comparative26.A.accept B.analyze C.encounter D.reject27.A.accidental B.additional C.intentional D.external28.A.disappear B.swing C.exist D.pause29.A.eventually B.regularly C.equally D.violently30.A.spread B.stretch C.communicate D.cover31.A.planning B.warning C.training D.modelling32.A.inquiries B.confessions C.assumptions D.adjustments33.A.mixingwith B.puttingoff C.settingout D.contributingto34.A.always B.relatively C.perhaps D.initially35A.response B.damage C.support D.experience【答案】21.B22.C23.B24.D25.A26.D27.A28.C29.A30.C31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了“真相炸弹”这一概念，分析了人们为何会说出真相炸弹，以及真相炸弹带来的负面影响。文章还提出了一些建设性的方法来传达真相，以避免其变成“炸弹”。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论是他们希望并非如此的生活事实，还是对他们行为的批评，每个人都有自己想要忽略的真相。A.declare宣布、声明；B.wish希望；C.foresee预见；D.show展示。根据上文““Honestyisthebestpolicy”isacommonsaying,butinmanysituations,peopledonotwanttohearthetruth.”可知，人们并不想听到真相。由此可知，人们希望生活中的某些事实是另外一种样子。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些真相被称为“真相炸弹”，尤其是当它们以一种严厉的方式被说出的时候。A.friendly友好的；B.logical逻辑的、合理的；C.harsh严厉的；D.concrete具体的。根据下文“Thiscomparisonshowsthattruthcancausedamageifnothandledwell.”可知，这种被称为“真相炸弹”的真相如果处理不好会造成伤害，所以应该是用一种严厉的方式说出。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可能会为自己的话辩解，称我们需要表达自己的情感，或者是为了帮助对方改变他们的行为方式。A.repeat重复；B.justify证明……是正当的、为……辩护；C.digest消化、理解；D.misuse滥用。根据下文“bysayingthatweneedtoexpressouremotionsortohelptheotherpersonchangetheirways”可知，我们会通过一些理由来证明我们说的话是合理的。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但通常我们把真相当作一种“武器”，用来让对方感到难受，并报复他们所做事情。A.anchor抛锚停泊、锚；B.trial审判、试验；C.pattern模式、图案；D.weapon武器。根据下文“maketheotherpersonfeelbadandtorepaythemforwhattheydid”可知，我们经常把真相当作一种让别人感觉不好并报复他们的武器。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真相炸弹”很少能引发富有成效的讨论，因为它们会引发一种防御性的反应。A.defensive防御的；B.positive积极的；C.creative创造性的；D.comparative比较的、相对的。根据下文“Thereceivermay___6___thecriticismorcounteritwithatruthbomboftheirown.”可知，接受者会进行回击，由此可知，“真相炸弹”会引发一种防御性的反应。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受者可能会拒绝这种批评，或者用他们自己的“真相炸弹”予以回击。A.accept接受；B.analyze分析；C.encounter遭遇；D.reject拒绝。根据上文内容可知，“真相炸弹”会引发一种防御性的反应；再根据下文“counteritwithatruthbomboftheirown”可知，接受者会拒绝这种批评。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：愤怒会让人难以看清全局，从而导致对真相的意外歪曲。A.accidental偶然的、无意的，意外的；B.additional额外的、附加的；C.intentional故意的；D.external外部的、外面的。根据上文“Angercanmakeitdifficulttoseethebigpicture”可知，愤怒会使我们很难看到全局，从而导致对真相不小心的、无意地曲解，愤怒让人看不清事实，所以歪曲的事实是无意的。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：假装问题不存在，这对信任的削弱程度，与抛出“真相炸弹”一样严重。A.disappear消失；B.swing摇摆；C.exist存在；D.pause停顿。根据下文“canweakentrustjustasmuchasdroppingtruthbombscan”可推测，假装问题不存在会像扔出真相炸弹一样削弱信任。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，如果不解决人际关系中的问题，可能会导致仇恨，而仇恨最终可能会激化成为冲突。A.eventually最终；B.regularly定期地；C.equally平等地；D.violently猛烈地。根据上文“Andfailingtoaddressproblemsinrelationshipscanleadtohatred”可知，不解决关系中的问题会导致仇恨，这种仇恨可能最终会爆发为冲突。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们有可能在不把真相变成“炸弹”的情况下进行沟通。A.spread传播、展开；B.stretch伸展；C.communicate交流；D.cover报道、覆盖。根据下文“Herearesomewaystodothat”可知，有些方法能让我们在不把真相变成炸弹的情况下进行沟通。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前给对方一些警告通常是有帮助的，这样他们就有时间在心理上做好准备。A.planning计划、规划；B.warning警告；C.training培训、训练；D.modelling建模、模仿。根据下文“sotheyhavetimetomentallyprepare”可推测，提前给对方一些警告可以让他们有时间在心理上做好准备。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要对人们的动机做假设，而是询问他们行动的原因。A.inquiries询问、调查；B.confessions坦白、供认；C.assumptions假设；D.adjustments调整。根据下文“butaskthemthereasonsfortheiractions”可知，不要对人们的动机做假设，而是询问他们行动的原因。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：同时也问问是否存在一些导致他们犯错的问题，而你可以帮忙解决。A.mixingwith与……混合；B.puttingoff推迟、拖延；C.settingout出发、开始；D.contributingto做贡献、有助于，导致。根据空前的“problems”和空后的“theirmistakes”可知，空处指的是导致犯错的问题。故选D。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：避免使用诸如“总是”和“从不”之类的一概而论的表述和概括。A.always总是；B.relatively相对地；C.perhaps或许；D.initially最初。根据上文“Avoidsweepingstatementsandgeneralizations”可知，要避免使用“总是”和“从不”这样的笼统表述。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过以建设性的方式呈现真相并解决问题，你可以加强人际关系，并避免情感上的伤害。A.response回应；B.damage损害；C.support支持；D.experience经历、经验。根据上文“Thiscomparisonshowsthattruthcancausedamageifnothandledwell.”可知，通过建设性的方式呈现真相和解决问题，可以加强关系，避免情感上的伤害。故选B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）“______”,saysourmemoryexpert,JonathanHancock.There’salottocopewithwhenyougoofftouniversity,andtheacademicworkisjustthestart.Therearenewfriendstomeet,newopportunitiestochoosebetween,newresponsibilitiestoaccept...and,formoststudents,acompletelynewcitytoexplore.WerecentlydroveourdaughterEvie150milestostartlifeasafresher.Itwasastruggletofindthecarpark,letalonewanderthroughthewebofhallwaysthatledtoherroom.Beforeweleftthatevening,we’dtakenhertothelocalsupermarket,andweknewthatshehadflatmatesandphoneappstogetherorientated.Butthescaleofthechallengeaheadwasclear—tofindherwayinanunfamiliarworld.ThegoodnewsforEvie—andlearnerseverywhere—isthatexploringnewhabitatsishugelybeneficialformemory.Inarecentstudy,volunteerswalkedaroundanartificialforestenvironment.Thensomeofthemtookthesamewalkagain,whileothersexploredadifferentforest.Andthatsecondgroupperformedsignificantlybetterinmemorytestsstraightafter.Accordingtotheresearchers,thatwasbecauseexploringthenewenvironmentstimulatedtheirdopaminesystemsettinguptheirbrainsforlearning.Soleavinghometostudyforadegreemakesperfectsense.What’smore,youngmindsseemtogainmostfrombeinginstrangesurroundings.Butwemayallbeabletoenjoysomeofthebenefits,evenifit’sjustbystimulatingoursensesandchallengingourthinkingskills.Herearethreethingstotry:*Gosomewherenewtotackleanupcominglearningtask-likememorisingaspeechinthelibrary,orrevisingforanexamonaparkbench—andtakeanunfamiliarroutetogetthere.*Playvideogamesthatgetyoumovingthroughnewlandscapes.Thenseewhetheritimprovesyoursuccesswithotherlearningtasks,likepractisingadanceormasteringphrasesforaforeigntrip.*Getlostinyourimagination!Towarmyourselfupforlearning,pictureacityyouknowwell,butimagineyou’restrandedinapartofitthatyou’venevervisited.Thentrytovisualiseexactlyhowyou’llgetout.36.“______”inthefirstparagraphshouldbefilledwith______.A.You’llboostyourbrainpowerifyoubravetheunknownB.You’llunlockyouramazingmemorywiththerightvisualaidsC.YoushouldhaveaconsultationwithamemoryexpertD.Youcan’timproveyourmemorywithouttheexternalhelp37.Thewritersharesthedaughter’sstoryinthebeginningto______.A.putthereadersinthecenteroftheepisodeB.introducethetopicinanaccessiblewayC.explainthecomplexconceptthroughcomparisonD.remindpeoplewhytheygotouniversity38.Whatcanbeinferredabouttherecentstudy?A.Theresearcherswerenotsatisfiedwiththeexperimentresult.B.Thevolunteerswerechosenfortheirstrongmemory.C.Itspurposewastoprovethatleavinghometostudymakessense.D.Theconductedexperimentconfirmedthepreviousassumption.39.Whatdothethreerecommendedthingshaveincommon?A.Theystimulatethesensesthroughthevisualizationprocess.B.Theyrequireahighlevelofcriticalthinkingability.C.Theyinvolveventuringintounfamiliarplacesornewthings.D.Theyemphasizethecombinationoflearningwithrecreation.【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了探索未知环境能显著提升脑力，新环境刺激多巴胺系统有助学习，建议通过不同路径学习、玩探索类游戏、想象脱困新城市等方式锻炼大脑。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据空格后的“saysourmemoryexpert,JonathanHancock.(我们的记忆专家JonathanHancock说道。)”可知，此处为记忆专家所说的话，结合及第四段中的“ThegoodnewsforEvie—andlearnerseverywhere—isthatexploringnewhabitatsishugelybeneficialformemory.(对Evie——以及世界各地的学习者来说，好消息是，探索新环境对记忆能力有着巨大的益处。)”和第五段中的“Accordingtotheresearchers,thatwasbecauseexploringthenewenvironmentstimulatedtheirdopaminesystemsettinguptheirbrainsforlearning.(研究人员表示，这是因为探索新环境刺激了他们的多巴胺系统，从而为学习做好了大脑的准备。)”可知，探索未知环境可以提升记忆力和学习能力，由此可知，A选项“You’llboostyourbrainpowerifyoubravetheunknown(如果你勇敢面对未知，你会增强脑力)”与研究结果吻合，符合记忆专家所说的话，符合语境。故选A项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“WerecentlydroveourdaughterEvie150milestostartlifeasafresher.Itwasastruggletofindthecarpark,letalonewanderthroughthewebofhallwaysthatledtoherroom.Beforeweleftthatevening,we’dtakenhertothelocalsupermarket,andweknewthatshehadflatmatesandphoneappstogetherorientated.Butthescaleofthechallengeaheadwasclear—tofindherwayinanunfamiliarworld.(最近，我们驱车150英里将女儿艾薇送到大学，开始她的新生生活。找到停车场已经很困难了，更不用说穿过通向她房间的迷宫般的走廊。那天晚上我们离开前，带她去了当地的超市，并且知道她有室友和手机应用程序来帮助她适应环境。但前方的挑战显而易见——她需要在一个陌生的世界中找到自己的方向。)”可知，作者分享女儿去陌生环境，开始她的新生活，她的前方会有很多的挑战，需要在一个陌生的世界找到自己的方向，结合第四段中的“ThegoodnewsforEvie—andlearnerseverywhere—isthatexploringnewhabitatsishugelybeneficialformemory.(对Evie——以及世界各地的学习者来说，好消息是，探索新环境对记忆能力有着巨大的益处。)”可知，作者在开头通过讲述送女儿去大学的经历，引出了“探索新环境对记忆有益”的主题，这种方式通过一个贴近生活的例子让读者更容易理解主题。故选B项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Accordingtotheresearchers,thatwasbecauseexploringthenewenvironmentstimulatedtheirdopaminesystemsettinguptheirbrainsforlearning.(研究人员表示，这是因为探索新环境刺激了他们的多巴胺系统，从而为学习做好了大脑的准备。)”可知，实验结果证实了研究人员的假设，即探索新环境能刺激多巴胺系统，从而促进学习和记忆。故选D项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后推荐的三件要尝试的事情“Gosomewherenewtotackleanupcominglearningtask-likememorisingaspeechinthelibrary,orrevisingforanexamonaparkbench—andtakeanunfamiliarroutetogetthere.(去一个陌生的地方完成即将进行的学习任务，比如在图书馆背诵演讲稿，或在公园长椅上复习考试内容，并选择一条不熟悉的路线前往那里。)”、“Playvideogamesthatgetyoumovingthroughnewlandscapes.(玩一些让你穿越新场景的视频游戏。)”和“Getlostinyourimagination!(在想象中迷失自己！)”可知，这三件事情（去陌生地方完成学习任务、玩视频游戏探索新场景、在想象中迷失于未知区域）都涉及探索未知或新事物的主题。故选C项。（B）HIGHLYCOMMENDEDCHARITYRSPCAEstablished,trustworthy,caring.FEMALE40-49,WA▂Admirewhattheydoforanimals.FEMALE,40-49,QLD▂Theyreallycareaboutanimals.MALE,60-69,WA▂I’mavolunteersoIseealltheirhardworkFEMALE,50-59.SA/NT▂TheRSPCAcaresforover87,000animalseveryyear（includingover18,000dogsand33,000cats）,andinvestigatesover58,000casesofanimalcruelty.Acrossthecountry,theRSPCAalsoeducatesthecommunityonanimalwelfareandresponsiblepetownership,andadvocatesforchangesinpolicyandpracticethatimprovethewelfareofanimals.“Everyday,we’reremindedjusthowcrucialthecommunity’strustisforourwork.Australianstrustustocareforanimals,toinvestigateanimalcrueltywhenitoccurs,toprovideadviceonhowtocareforourpets,andtopushforlawsandpracticesthatbetterprotectanimals.”“Andweknowthatwehavetoworktirelesslytomaintainthattrust-includingbyensuringthatouranimalcare,prevention,educationandadvocacyeffortsarefirmlybackedbyscienceandevidence,”saysRichardMussell,CEOofRSPCAAustralia.●Visit.auHIGHLYCOMMENDEDCHARITYGuideDogsIadmirewhatGuideDogsdoforthecommunity.FEMALE,60-69.QLD▂Theyofferanessentialservicefortheblindandvisionimpaired.FEMALE,40-49,QLD▂Transparentandhonest.MALE,70+,VIC/TAS▂Forover60years,GuideDogsAustraliahasbeentransformingthelivesofpeoplewithlowvisionorblindness.Toachievethis,trustmustbeattheheartofeverythingwedo;fromthetrustourclientsplaceinustoprovidethesupportandcaretheyneed,tothetrustbetweenaGuideDogHandlerandtheirGuideDog.Thistrustalsoextendstothecommunitywhosegenerosityandfaithintheworkwedoishelpingtotransformliveseveryday.Attheageoffive,Melainewasdiagnosedwithararegeneticdiseasethataffectsbothhearingandvision.Despiteherdiagnosis,Melainehadoverthreedecadesofprofessionalexperiencewithinareputableanimalwelfareorganization.Herdiverserolesincludedveterinarynurseandcommunityoutreachcoordinator.HerbelovedGuideDog,Dessau,hasgivenMelainebackherindependenceandtheirjourneyhasbeencharacterizedbyadaptabilityandadeterminationtobreakdownbarriers.FundingforGuideDogs,75percentofwhichcomesfromthecommunity,allowsthecharitytosupportclientslikeMelainetolivealifewithoutlimits.●Visit.au40.SupposeyouareconductingaresearchprojectontheRSPCAandyouplantointerviewRichardMussell,theCEOofRSPCAAustralia.Youhavepreparedthefollowinglistofquestions.WhichofthefollowingshouldbeaddedtothelisttogainacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheRSPCA’sapproach?Interviewquestions:1．WhatroledoescommunityeducationplayintheRSPCA’soverallmission?2．HowdoestheRSPCAbalancebetweenanimalcareandpolicyadvocacy?3．…A.HowdoestheRSPCAdecidewhichapplicantgetsthepetfirst?B.HowdoestheRSPCAensurethatitsstaffaretrainedincustomerservice?C.HowcantheRSPCAensurethattheadvocatedpoliciesarejustified?D.HowdoestheRSPCAassignthebudgetforstaffmedicalcare?41.WhatcanbelearnedaboutGuideDogsAustraliafromthepassage?A.Ittrainsdogstosupportpeoplewithhearingandvisionloss.B.Itprovidesindependencetopeoplewithlowvisionorblindness.C.Itsoperationsaremainlyfundedbythegovernment.D.Itscommunityoutreachprogramsranktopnationwide.42.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesacommonfactorbetweentheRSPCAandGuideDogsAustraliathatsupportstheirsuccess?A.Bothorganizationsservetoprovidesupporttothedisabled.B.Bothorganizationsfocusprimarilyonthewelfareofanimals.C.Bothorganizationsrelyonscientificevidencetoguidetheirpractices.D.Bothorganizationsvaluetrustasakeypartintheiroperations.【答案】40.C41.B42.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个备受赞誉的慈善机构——RSPCA和GuideDogs，包括它们的工作内容、成就、社会影响以及公众对它们的评价。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容“Acrossthecountry,theRSPCAalsoeducatesthecommunityonanimalwelfareandresponsiblepetownership,andadvocatesforchangesinpolicyandpracticethatimprovethewelfareofanimals.“Everyday,we’reremindedjusthowcrucialthecommunity’strustisforourwork.Australianstrustustocareforanimals,toinvestigateanimalcrueltywhenitoccurs,toprovideadviceonhowtocareforourpets,andtopushforlawsandpracticesthatbetterprotectanimals.”(在全国范围内，皇家防止虐待动物协会还向社区宣传动物福利以及负责任的宠物饲养理念，并倡导政策和实践方面的变革，以改善动物的福利状况。“每一天，我们都深刻意识到，社区的信任对于我们的工作是何等关键。澳大利亚民众信任我们能够照顾好动物，在虐待动物事件发生时进行调查，就如何照顾宠物提供建议，以及推动制定更好地保护动物的法律和实践措施。”)”可知，RSPCA的工作包括倡导政策变革以改善动物福利，了解选项C“HowcantheRSPCAensurethattheadvocatedpoliciesarejustified?(RSPCA如何确保所倡导的政策合理)”，能深入了解其在政策倡导方面的具体做法和考量，与已有的问题2“如何平衡动物护理和政策倡导”相呼应，有助于全面了解RSPCA在实现使命过程中政策方面的举措，可加入列表。故选C。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“Forover60years,GuideDogsAustraliahasbeentransformingthelivesofpeoplewithlowvisionorblindness.Toachievethis,trustmustbeattheheartofeverythingwedo;fromthetrustourclientsplaceinustoprovidethesupportandcaretheyneed,tothetrustbetweenaGuideDogHandlerandtheirGuideDog.(60多年来，澳大利亚导盲犬协会一直在改变视力低下或失明人士的生活。为实现这一目标，信任必须成为我们一切工作的核心——从我们的客户对我们提供所需支持和照顾的信任，到导盲犬训练员与他们的导盲犬之间的信任。)”以及“HerbelovedGuideDog,Dessau,hasgivenMelainebackherindependenceandtheirjourneyhasbeencharacterizedbyadaptabilityandadeterminationtobreakdownbarriers.(她心爱的导盲犬Dessau让Melaine重新获得了独立，她们的旅程充满了适应性和打破障碍的决心。)”可知，澳大利亚导盲犬协会通过导盲犬让视力低下或失明的人重获独立。故选B。【42题详解】推理判断题。对于RSPCA，文中提到““Andweknowthatwehavetoworktirelesslytomaintainthattrust-includingbyensuringthatouranimalcare,prevention,educationandadvocacyeffortsarefirmlybackedbyscienceandevidence,”saysRichardMussell,CEOofRSPCAAustralia.(“我们明白，我们必须不懈努力来维护这种信任——包括确保我们在动物照料、预防、教育和倡导方面的工作得到科学和证据的有力支持。”澳大利亚皇家防止虐待动物协会首席执行官RichardMussell表示。)”，强调了社区信任对其工作的重要性以及要努力维持信任。而对于GuideDogsAustralia，文中提到“Toachievethis,trustmustbeattheheartofeverythingwedo;fromthetrustourclientsplaceinustoprovidethesupportandcaretheyneed,tothetrustbetweenaGuideDogHandlerandtheirGuideDog.Thistrustalsoextendstothecommunitywhosegenerosityandfaithintheworkwedoishelpingtotransformliveseveryday.(为实现这一目标，信任必须成为我们一切工作的核心——从我们的客户对我们提供所需支持和照顾的信任，到导盲犬训练员与他们的导盲犬之间的信任。这种信任还延伸到社区，社区对我们工作的慷慨支持和坚定信念，每天都在助力改变人们的生活。)”则指出信任是其一切工作的核心。所以两个组织都将信任视为其运作中的关键部分。故选D。（C）Onfarmsalloverthecountry,eventhemosttraditionalones,thoughtisbeinggiventothepossibilitiesofAI.Forthemoment,artificialintelligenceisn’tmakingmuchofanimpactonthedailylivesofmostBritishfarmers.ButthewayAIcantransformagricultureinthenearfutureisverymucharealityinunive