Unit10ConnectionsGrammar课件高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性

GrammarPassiveFormsinthePastUnit10Connections1.Tomasterpassiveformsinthepast.LearningobjectivesRevisionExplainthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theorybyusingthediagram.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

我们每天打扫教室。(主动语态，主语we是clean这一动作的执行者)Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

教室每天被打扫。(被动语态，主语theclassroom是clean这一动作的承受者)被动语态英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。以下几种情况常用被动语态：1)不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2)为了强调动作的承受者；3)主语有较长的修饰语时；4)通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。Readthesentences.Underlinethepassiveforms.Whattenseisusedineachsentence?1.Theconceptwasfirsttalkedaboutaslongagoasinthe1920s.2.Inthe1950’s,anattemptwasmadebytwoscientiststoprovethetheorymathematically.3.Oncetheparcelhadbeenreceivedbythisperson,he/shewouldsendtheparcelontoacontactoftheirsuntiltheparcelcouldbepersonallydeliveredtothecorrectperson.pastsimplepassivepastsimplepassivepastperfectpassivepastsimplepassive4.Itsnamewasusedasthetitleofaplayandthenafilm.5.SoonthegamewasbeingplayedinuniversitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.pastsimplepassivepastcontinuouspassiveReadthedescriptionofa“SixDegreesofSeparation”experiment.Usethecorrectformoftheverbsinbracketstocompletethepassage.We1

（give）thetaskoffindingoutwhetherthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theoryworkedatourschool.We2

（tell）aboutthe“Small-world”experimentintheUnitedStates，wherepackages3

（send）fromonepersontoanotherwiththeaimofgettingittoastrangerintheend.Whiletheideabehindthisexperiment4____________________

（discuss）inourgroup，it5

（suggest）tousbyourteacherthatwetrysomethingsimilar.Sowedid.Wecouldn’tsendparcels，butwecouldsendletters.Tenvolunteers6_________

（choose）totakepartandthey7

（ask）towritealetterofintroductiontoanotherpersonintheschoolthattheydidn’tknowandthentochoosesomeonewhotheythought8________

（connect）tothatpersontogiveitto.Afteralltheletters9

（exchange）severaltimes，sevenoutofthetentargetpeopledidreceivetheirletterswithchainsoffiveorsixpeopleineachcase!Wethinkthismeansthatourexperimentwasasuccessanditsupportsthetheory.weregiven

weretoldhadbeensent

wasbeingdiscussedwassuggested

werechosenwereasked

wasconnectedwereexchanged一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+过去分词过去进行时的被动语态:was/werebeing+过去分词过去完成时的被动语态:hadbeen+过去分词例如：

Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyed

whenthehurricaneended?TheStructureofPassiveFormsinthePastGrammar—PassiveFormsinthePast一般过去时的被动语态

表示过去某一时间的被动动作。无需说明动作执行者时，可省略“by+动作执行者”。例如：

Theteachingbuildingwasbuiltfiveyearsago.

注意:was和were的使用由主语的单复数决定。例如：

Asportsmeetingwasheldthreedaysago.Manytreesandflowerswereplantedinourschoollastyear.Grammar—PassiveFormsinthePast过去进行时的被动语态

表示过去某个时刻正在进行或发生的被动性的动作。例如：Thefamousmanwasbeinginterviewedbyher.Themanwasbeingquestionedbythepoliceatthattime.Manyactivitieswerebeingplannedforthecelebrationofthefestival.过去完成时的被动语态1.用在told，said，knew，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。例如：Hesaidthatthebookshadalreadybeensoldout.2.当

before，when，bythetime，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。例如：Bytheendoflastyear,120bridgeshadbeenbuilt.Grammar—PassiveFormsinthePast3.在Itwasthefirst/second/...timethat...从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。例如：Itwasthesecondtimethathisbikehadbeenstolen.4.在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。例如：IfIhadbeeninvitedearlier,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.Grammar—PassiveFormsinthePast单句语法填空①Steamengines_______________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.②Everything____________________(get)readybythetimetheyarrived.③Theboy_________________(notice)stealingabikebythepolice,sohe

wastakentothepolicestation.wereusedhadbeengottenhadbeennoticed④Thisissue___________________(discuss)atthismomentyesterdaybythe

company'smanagers.⑤Whatlittlemoneyhedidhave_________(spend)onarecordselectedwithextreme

carewhichbecame,tohiswayofthinking,apossessionclosetohisheart.wasbeingdiscussedwasspent辨析比较

过去进行时的被动语态/一般过去时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某段时间内正在进行的被动动作，一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。Thefarmersaidthepolicemencametotheir

rescuetimelywhentheywerebeingtrappedinthe

snowstorm.这个农民说，他们被困在暴风雪中时，警察及时赶来救了他们。Hesparednoefforttopreparehimselfforthe

collegeentranceexam,andfinallyhewas

admittedtotheuniversityhehadbeendreaming

of.他不遗余力地为高考做准备，最终他被他一直梦想的大学录取了。辨析比较

过去完成时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。Manywordshavebeenaddedtothiseditionof

thedictionary.这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。Theprofessorwasverydelightedtofindthat

twothirdsoftheprojecthadbeenfinishedby

thestudentsindependently.教授非常高兴地发现，学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。1.Hehurried

home,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe_________________(follow).wasbeingfollowed【答案解析】wasbeingfollowed。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的某一被动动作，且主语为he，故填wasbeingfollowed。2.Jonesgottheidea

afterhehadtalkedwithanelderlyladywho___________(cheat)ofhermoney.hadbeencheated【答案解析】hadbeencheated。根据语境可知，老妇人被骗是在琼斯产生这一想法之前发生的，表示在过去发生的事情之前发生，应用过去完成时；关系词who指代anelderlylady，和动词cheat之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。单句语法填空【误区警示】（1）“get+及物动词的过去分词”表被动。指主语遭遇变化或不好的事件。Hegotcaughtintherainlastnight.他昨晚被雨淋了。（2）动词带有双宾语时，可把其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，变为被动句主语的通常是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.他妈妈送给他一件生日礼物。→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（也可改为Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.）（3）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Themanagerfoundacooksmokinginthecanteenandfiredhimonthespot.经理发现一个厨师在食堂抽烟，当场解雇了他。=Acookwasfoundsmokinginthecanteenbythemanagerandwasfiredonthespot.一个厨师被经理发现在食堂抽烟，当场被解雇了。应该是变为“被动句的主语”（4）在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后用不定式作宾语补足语时，to通常省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.有人看见一个陌生人走进那栋大楼。→Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding（bysomeone）.（5）有些由“动词+介词/副词”构成的动词词组，也可用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词不能省略。MysisterwastakencareofbyGrandmawhenmyparentswentouttowork.我父母出去工作时，我妹妹由奶奶照顾。（6）“It+be+及物动词的过去分词+that从句/todosth.”是固定句型。Sinceitisbelievedthatstrongsmellscanaffectthesenses，volunteersarerequirednottoeatordrinkforeighthoursbeforetheexperiment.因为人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，所以志愿者们被要求在实验前八小时内不能进食或饮水。（1）Thebook

（已经借出去了）whenIgottothelibrary.（2）He

（被嘲笑）byallpeoplearoundhim.（3）Twopaintingsdisplayed

（被卖出）yesterday.（4）Severalfactories

（在郊区被建造）beforeaschoolwassetup.把主动语态改为被动语态（1）Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→I

onmybirthday（bymyfather）.→Anewbook

onmybirthday（bymyfather）.hadbeenlentwaslaughedatweresoldout

hadbeenbuiltinthesuburb wasgivenanewbookwasgiventomeExercise（2）Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputeryesterday.→I

yesterday（bymyfather）.→Anewcomputer

yesterday（bymyfather）.wasboughtanewcomputerwasboughtforme 单句语法填空（1）Dianacouldn’tmoveintohernewhouseasit

_______________

（decorate）.（2）Theteachersaidthatwe

（give）anotherchancesometimethenextmonthifwefailedintheexam.（3）Theysaidgreatchanges

（take）placeinmyvillageandsomefactories

（set）upsince2015.（4）She

（praise）forherfineworkintheYouthLeague.wasbeingdecorated

wouldbegiven

hadtakenwaspraised

hadbeenset（5）Hetoldmethatanewstadium

（build）andit

________________（finish）thenextyear.（6）Afterthey

（seat）,thefatherfoundafriendandwentouttogreethim.（7）Manybeautifulcherrytrees

（plant）outsidethegrocerylastyearandtheyareboomingnow.（8）Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiod________________

（finish）.（9）Thenews

（release）lastFridayanddrewalotofattention.（10）Themediareportedmorethan1,000people

（kill）intheearthquake.wasbeingbuiltwouldbefinishedwereseatedwereplantedha