2024高中英语刷题首秧基础练能力练Unit1Greatscientists课时作业二含解析新人教版必修5

PAGEPAGE9SectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofReading课时作业(二)对应学生用书P5[基础题]Ⅰ.单词拼法1．ItisMaryratherthanyouwhoistob________fortheaccident.答案：blame2．[2024·全国卷Ⅲ]Butatthemoment,schoolcomesfirst.Idon'twanttogettooa________inmodeling.答案：absorbed3．Hasthegovernmenta________thattheywillbuildanewhighwaytothemountain?答案：announced4．Ifadoctorc________someone'sillness,hemakesthepersonwellagain.答案：cures5．We'dbetternotp________theairbydrivingcars.答案：pollute6．[2024·江苏高考]OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smart­phones________(战胜)PCsinsales.答案：defeated7．[2024·全国卷Ⅲ]SarahThomasislookingforwardtothe________(挑战)ofhernewA­levelcourse.答案：challenge8．Youhave________(暴露)thesoldierstorisksinfact.答案：exposed9．Therewasnooneto________(照看)himbutTina.答案：attend10．The________(嫌疑人)isbeingkeptunderobservation.答案：suspectⅡ.选词填空beexposedto;link...to...;beabsorbedin;putforward;lookinto;everytime;sothat;knowabout;drawaconclusion;neither...nor...1．Heartdiseasecanbe________smoking.答案：linkedto2．Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewe________.答案：drawaconclusion3．Thecatwas________intheroom________ontheroof.答案：neither;nor4．Thosewho________thedeadlyviruswereseparatedandtreatedwithoutdelay.答案：wereexposedto5．Wemuststudyharder________wecouldrealizeourdreamsearlier.答案：sothat6．________Icatchacold,Ihavepainsinmyback.答案：Everytime7．Sinceeverybody________it,Idon'twanttotalkanymore.答案：knowsabout8．Iwrotealetterofcomplaint,andthecompanyhaspromisedto________thematter.答案：lookinto9．He________hisproposalatthemeetingthedaybeforeyesterday.答案：putforward10．She________so________thebookthatshedidn'trealizeithadbeen12o'clock.答案：was;absorbedinⅢ.单句语法填空1．[2024·北京高考]Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.答案：that设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词Thelittleproblems并在从句中作动词meet的宾语，且先行词前有不定代词little修饰，所以应用关系代词that引导该从句。2．[2024·江苏高考]Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.答案：whom句意：许多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的幻想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教化。此处为“限定词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词为youngpeople，指人，故答案为whom。3．NeitherhenorI________goingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass.答案：amneither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。故空格处所填谓语动词应与I保持一样，且依据afterclass可知用一般将来时。4．Soabsorbed________heinhisworkthathedidn'tnoticethatitwasraininghard.答案：wasbeabsorbedin“沉迷于……，用心于……”；当“so＋形容词”位于句首时，句子采纳部分倒装语序，再结合didn'tnotice可知空处应填was。5．Toeveryone'ssurprise,thehometeam________(defeat)bythreegoalstoone.答案：wasdefeated句意：令每个人惊异的是，主队以3∶1被击败了。由句意可知，此句用被动语态。“被击败”是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。6．Don'talwaysblameyourownfailure________others.Youshouldtaketheblame________it.答案：on;forblamesth.onsb.“把某事归咎于某人”；taketheblameforsth.“担当某事的责任”。7．Ican'tfocusonmystudywithsomuchnoise________(go)on.答案：goingwith的复合结构中，noise与goon之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，二者是主动含义，故用现在分词形式作宾补。8．Itisknowntousthat________(pollute)waterisharmfultopeople'shealth.答案：pollutedwater与pollute之间为被动关系，故应填polluted作定语，表示“被污染的水”。9．Every________Iwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpme.答案：time句意：每当我处于逆境时，他就会来帮助我。everytime用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”。10．Thedoctorwho________(cure)himofhisillnesswasveryexperienced.答案：cured句意：治好他的病的那位医生特别有阅历。由was可知应用一般过去时。Ⅳ.完成句子1．It______________hiswife______________________.好像他的妻子应当对那件事负责任。答案：seemed/seemsthat;was/istoblameforthatmatter2．Ifinditdifficultto______________onthis.我觉得此事难下结论。答案：drawaconclusion3．Jane,don't________yourskin________thesun.简，不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。答案：expose;to4．Whatshesaidsoundedconvincing,butI____________.她的话听起来让人信服，但我对此表示怀疑。答案：suspectedit5．Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetterone______________，we'llmakedowithit.这可能不是一个好建议。但是在提出更好的建议前，我们牵强用这个吧。答案：isputforward[实力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解AAlistofBenjaminFranklin'sinventionsrevealsamanofmanytalentsandinterests.Hisnaturalcuriosityaboutthingsandthewaytheyworkmadehimtrytofindwaystomakethemworkbetter.Benhadpoorvisionandneededglassestoread.Hegottiredofconstantlytakingthemoffandputtingthembackon,sohedecidedtofigureouthowhisglasseswouldlethimseebothnearandfar.Hehadtwopairsofglassescutinhalfandputhalfofeachlens(镜片)inasingleframe.Today,wecallthembifocals(双光眼镜)．EveryoneknowsthestoryofBen'sfamouskiteflight.Althoughhemadeimportantdiscoveriesandadvancements,Bendidnot“invent”theelectricity.Hedid,however,inventthelightningrodwhichprotectsbuildingsandshipsfromlightning.IncolonialAmerica,mostpeoplewarmedtheirhomesbybuildingafireinafireplaceeventhoughitwasdangerousandusedalotofwood.Benfiguredthattherehadtobeabetterway.Hisinventionofanironfurnacestoveallowedpeopletowarmtheirhomeslessdangerouslyandwithlesswood.ThefurnacestovethatheinventediscalledtheFranklinStove.Interestinglyenough,Benalsoestablishedthefirstfirecompanyandthefirstfireinsurancecompanyinordertohelppeoplelivemoresafely.Asapostmaster,Benhadtofigureoutroutesfordeliveringthemail.Hewentoutridinginhiscarriagetomeasuretheroutesandneededawaytokeeptrackofthedistance.Heinventedasimpleodometer(里程表)andattachedittohiscarriage.Later,otherfamousinventors,likeThomasA.EdisonandAlexanderGrahamBell,followedinBen'sfootstepsbytryingtofindwaystohelppeoplelivebetter.eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇人物介绍。文章主要讲解并描述了本杰明·富兰克林的一系列好用独创。)1．HowmanythingsinventedbyBenjaminFranklinarementionedinthepassage?A．3.B．4.C．5.D．6.答案：B细微环节理解题。文章其次、三、四、五段分别提到本杰明·富兰克林的独创有：双光眼镜、避雷针、铁皮炉子和里程表，共四种。2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Franklininventedthebifocalsbecauseofhispoorvision.B．Franklininventedtheodometertomakehisridingeasier.C．Franklinfirstinventedtheelectricityandthenthelightningrod.D．Franklininventedtheodometerwhenheworkedinapostoffice.答案：D细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的叙述可知，富兰克林在邮政局工作时，独创了一个简洁的里程表，并把它装在了他的马车上。故D项正确。3．WhatcharacteristicdidFranklin,EdisonandBellhaveincommon?A．Theyhadastrongdesiretomakelifebetter.B．Theywereexcellentstudentsatschool.C．Theywereborninthesameage.D．Theymadepeople'slifesimple.答案：A推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“bytryingtofindwaystohelppeoplelivebetter”可推知，这些科学家们都有使人们的生活更加美妙的剧烈愿望。故A项正确。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ThelifeofBenjaminFranklinB．BenjaminFranklin,agreatinventorC．AmanofmanytalentsandinterestsD．Howtohelppeoplelivebetter答案：B标题推断题。全文讲解并描述了本杰明·富兰克林从生活的实际动身，独创了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的好用物品，故B项概括了全文的主旨，适合作标题。BAlbertEinsteinwasprobablythemostfamousscientistofthetwentiethcentury.Hechangedscientificthinkinginthemodernworld.Hewasgenerallyconsideredasthegreatestphysicistwhoeverlived.What'smore,hedevotedalotofhistimeandenergytoworkingforhumanrightsandprogress.In1933,whileEinsteinwasvisitingEnglandandtheUnitedStates,theNazigovernmentofGermanytookallhisthingsaway,includinghispositionandhiscitizenship.EinsteinthensettleddownintheUnitedStates.In1934,Einstein,wholovedpeace—afraidofaworldinwhichonlyHitlerwouldhaveanatomicbomb(原子弹)—triedhardtopersuadePresidentFranklinD．RooseveltinafamouslettertohavetheUnitedStatesstarturanium(铀)research.ThatGermany,afterall,hadnobomb,andthatthefirstbombwouldfallonJapan,couldnothavebeenexpected.Afterthewar,Einsteinneverstoppedworkingforpeaceandreducingthenumberofsoldiersintheworld.Althoughhewasn'tconnectedwithanyacceptedreligion(宗教),EinsteinfeltthattrustinginapersonalGodwastoospecialanideatobesuitabletotheGodatworkinthisuniverse,butheneverbelievedthattheuniversewasoneofchanceordisorder.Theuniversetohimwasoneofpurelawandorder.Heoncesaid,“Godmayknoweverything,butheisnothateful.”eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了宏大的物理学家爱因斯坦在其次次世界大战期间、战后为人类和平和进步所做的工作及他的一些理念。)5．Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A．noscientistisasgreatasAlbertEinsteinduringthiscenturyB．AlbertEinsteinwaslikelytobethegreatestscientistofhistimeC．AlbertEinsteinmadethefirstatomicbombfortheUnitedStatesD．AlbertEinsteingaveuphisGermancitizenshipforpoliticalreasons答案：B细微环节理解题。从第一段第一句及第三句可知答案为B。6．IfEinsteinhadknownthatHitlerhadnoatomicbombandthatthefirstatomicbombwouldfallonJapan,hewould________.A．havecontinuedhisscientificresearchB．havewonanotherNobelPrizeforPhysicsC．nothaveadvisedstartinguraniumresearchintheUSAD．nothavemovedtotheUSA答案：C推理推断题。依据其次段倒数其次句和文章中提到的信息：爱因斯坦是酷爱和平、反对斗争的，可推知，假如能料到的话，他就不会建议美国进行铀的探讨了。故选C。7．Accordingtothepassage,Einstein________in1933.A．visitedEnglandandtheUSAB．advisedtheUnitedStatestostarturaniumresearchC．becameamanwithoutcitizenshipD．bothAandC答案：D细微环节理解题。从其次段第一句可知A项和C项表述的内容都正确。故选D。8．Einsteinbelievedthateverythingintheuniverse________.A．waskeptinorderbyitsownlawB．hadnothingtodowitheachotherC．happenedinanirregularwayD．wasmadebythepersonalGod答案：A细微环节理解题。从最终一段第一句中的“butheneverbelievedthattheuniversewasoneofchanceordisorder”和其次句可知，他认为宇宙万物都有自己的运行规律和秩序。故答案为A。Ⅱ.短文改错Mostpeopledirectlylinkseniorhighschoollifewithplentyofstressandendlesshomeworks.However,someinterestedactivitiesindeedcontributetoreducethepressure.LastweektheentertainmentdepartmentofourStudentUnionorganizedtheactivityinwhicheachclassshootashortmovie.OurclasschoseastorysettinginWorldWarⅡ，thatshowedthepreciousnessofpeace.Ithinkthisprocesswasagoodlessonthattaughttomehowtostri