湖北省部分省级示范高中2024～2025学年高一下学期期中测试英语试题（解析版）

湖北省部分省级示范高中2024~2025学年下学期期中测试高一英语试卷1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onaplayground.B.Atanoffice.C.Inahospital.2.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutCultureExpress?A.Itisfunny.B.Itisherfavorite.C.Sheoftenmissesit.3.Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Alicedoesn’tstudyveryhard.B.Aliceoftengetsthebestgrade.C.Aliceoftensurpriseseveryone.第1页/共26页第2页/共26页4.Howhighdotheceilingstodayusuallymeasure?A.2.3meters.B.2.7meters.C.3.0meters.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HecanmakeitonSaturday.C.Moviesarenothiscupoftea.B.Therearemusiclessonsfortheevening.选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.WhatdidthemandolastSaturday?A.Studiedalot.B.Joinedaclub.C.Campedout.7.Whydopeoplejoin“FlashPlay”?A.Toexperienceacrisis.B.Tomakefriends.C.Toearnmoney.8.Whydoesthemanfeelsurprised?A.Thewomandisagreeswithhim.B.Thewomanhasfoundanewjob.C.Thewomandoesn’tfeellikeleaving.9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherdepartment?A.There’stoomuchpressure.B.Peopledon’ttrusteachother.C.Thereareseriousproblems.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Employerandjobapplicant.C.Jobhunterandjobagent.11.Whatisgreatlyvaluedinthecompany?A.Employees’qualities.第3页/共26页B.Employees’appearance.C.Employees’physicalcondition.12.Whatdoesthemancareaboutthejob?A.Whetherhehastoworkontime.B.Whetherhehastoworkonweekends.C.Whetherhecangetmedicalinsurance.13.WhatdoweknowaboutGlobeInsurance?A.Itdoesn’tlistentoemployees’concerns.B.Itoftenasksthestafftoworkonweekends.C.Itsnewemployeesneedamedicalexamination.14.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Howtolivetheuniversitylife.B.Howtogettothestudents’union.C.Howtofindamapoftheuniversity.15.Howlongarethecomputerroomsopenonweekdays?A.8hours.B.9hours.C.11hours.16.Whereisthestudents’union?A.BesidetheLabB.B.OppositetheChemistrylabs.C.OntherightoftheScienceBlocks.17.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Getfamiliarwiththeuniversity.B.HaveanappointmentwithhimonThursday.C.Writehertelephonenumberdownontheform.18.Howmanypeoplewerebadlyinjuredinthestorm?A.Seven.B.Nine.C.Ten.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefarmer?A.Hiswifewasmissing.第4页/共26页B.Hishousewasdestroyed.C.Oneofhischildrenwaskilled.20.Whatdidthewomandowhenshesawherhouseshaking?A.Shetriedtotakesomethingout.B.Sherushedoutwithherchildren.C.Shetoldherhusbandnottoleave.AThefallto-dolistislong:Thereareapplestobepicked,beerstosip,electionstovotein,andofcourse—somanynewbookstoread!Wesortedthroughthecurrentandupcomingreleasestofind4titlesyoushouldwatchoutforthisfall.Divein!LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)America’sfirstBlackfemaleSupremeCourtjusticewritesamemoirdetailingherearlychildhood,andthehurdlesshefacedcomingupinthelegalworld.(Price:$35)Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)Forthepersoninyourlifeobsessedwithpresidentialbiographies,Boot’snewestbookisadeeplyreportedlookintothelifeofRonaldReagan.Coveringhischildhood,hisHollywoodyearsand,ofcourse,hispresidency,Bootportraysamanthatissomehowbothmoreideologicalandmorepracticalthanwemightthink.(Price:$45)GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)DarrenMatthewsisadetectivepulledoutofretirementforonelastcase.Thistimeit’sthecaseofaBlackcollegestudentmissingfromanallwhitegirls’club.Lockeisalongtimehandatwritingcrimenovels,andthisistheconclusionofherHighway59trilogy(三部曲).(Price:$20)ASunnyPlaceforShadyPeoplebyMarianaEnriquez,translatedbyMeganMcDowell(Sept.17)EnriquezhasmadeanameforherselfblendingsupernaturalhorrorswiththeconcretehorrorsofeverydaylifeinArgentina.Herlastnovelwasnearly600,butthisnewestoneisacollectionofshorts—likeapillowcasefulloftrick-or-treatcandies.(Price:$30)*Purchaseall4booksandenjoya10%discountonthetotalprice.*A$10deliveryfeewillapply.1.WhatdoLovelyOne:AMemoirandReagan:HisLifeandLegendhaveincommon?第5页/共26页A.Botharesetinthepoliticalworld.B.BothdescribethepresidencyintheUSA.C.Bothviewthemaincharactersfromthesameperspective.D.Botharegroundedinthecentralfigures’real-lifeexperiences.2.WhatdoweknowaboutAtticaLocke?A.ShefinishedreleasingherHighway59trilogy.B.Shewrotea600storyinthenewestpublication.C.Shewascalledbacktohandleafinalcaseafterretiring.D.Sheintegratedthesupernaturalwithhorrorsindailylife.3.Howmuchwillyoubechargedifyouwanttohaveallthe4booksdeliveredtoyou?A.$130B.$127C.$117D.$107【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要是向读者介绍四本即将在秋季出版的书籍，包括每本书的作者、出版日期以及简要的内容概述。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)部分的“America’sfirstBlackfemaleSupremeCourtjusticewritesamemoirdetailingherearlychildhood,andthehurdlesshefacedcomingupinthelegalworld.(美国首位黑人女性最高法院大法官撰写了一本回忆录，详细讲述了她的童年早期，以及她在法律界成长过程中所面临的障碍)”以及Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)部分的“Forthepersoninyourlifeobsessedwithpresidentialbiographies,Boot’snewestbookisadeeplyreportedlookintothelifeofRonaldReagan.Coveringhischildhood,hisHollywoodyearsand,ofcourse,hispresidency,Bootportraysamanthatissomehowbothmoreideologicalandmorepracticalthanwemightthink.(对于你生活中痴迷于总统传记的人来说，布特的这本新书深入报道了罗纳德·里根的一生。涵盖了他的童年、他在好莱坞的岁月，当然还有他的总统任期，布特描绘了一个在某种程度上比我们想象的更具思想性和更务实的人)”可知，《可爱的一个：凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊回忆录》是凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊对自己人生经历的回忆，《里根：他的人生与传奇》是对罗纳德·里根人生经历的描述，两本书都基于中心人物的真实生活经历。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)部分的“DarrenMatthewsisadetectivepulledout第6页/共26页ofretirementforonelastcase.Thistimeit’sthecaseofaBlackcollegestudentmissingfromanallwhitegirls’club.Lockeisalongtimehandatwritingcrimenovels,andthisistheconclusionofherHighway59trilogy(三部曲).(达伦·马修斯是一名侦探，他在退休后被召回处理最后一个案件。这次是一名黑人大学生在一个全是白人女孩的俱乐部失踪的案件。洛克是写犯罪小说的老手，这是她的59号公路三部曲的结局)”可知，阿提卡·洛克完成并出版了她的59号公路三部曲。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)部分的“Price:$35(价格：35美元)”、Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)部分的“Price:$45(价格：45美元)”、GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)部分的“Price:$20(价格：20美元)”以及ASunnyPlaceforShadyPeople部分中的“Price:$30(价格：30美元)”可知，四本书总价为35+45+20+30=130美元，结合下文的“Purchaseall4booksandenjoya10%discountonthetotalprice.(购买这4本书可享受总价10%的折扣)”可知，打折后的价格为130×(1−10%)=117美元；再根据下文“A$10deliveryfeewillapply.(将收取10美元的送货费)”可知，如果要将这4本书送货上门，需要支付117+10=127美元。故选B。BJasonAllenwasalmosttoonervoustoenterhisfirstartcompetition.Now,hisaward-winningimagehascausedcontroversy(争议).InAugust,Allen,agamedesignerfromPuebloWest,wonfirstplaceintheColoradoStateFairFineArtsCompetition.HiswinningimagewasmadewithMidjourney—anartificialsystemthatcanproducedetailedimageswhenfedwrittenprompts(提示符).Allen’swinningimageisoneofthreesuchimagesheenteredinthecompetition.ThedefinitionforthecategoryinwhichAllencompetedstatesthatdigitalartreferstoworksthatusedigitaltechnologyaspartofthecreativeorpresentationprocess.AllenusedMidjourneytocreatehisimage.MidjourneyisoneofagrowingnumberofAIimagegenerators.OthersincludeGoogleResearch’sImagenandOpenAI’sDALL-E2.AnyonecanuseMidjourney,whileDALL-E2requiresaninvitation,andImagenhasnotbeenopeneduptousersoutsideGoogle.WhetherthesetoolscantrulymakeartorassisthumansinmakingartcameintosharpfocusnotlongafterAllen’swin.SomeartistswereangeredbyhiswinbecauseofhisuseofAItocreatetheimage.“Thisisreallybadfortheexactsamereasonwedon’tletrobotsparticipateintheOlympics.”oneartistwrote.CalDuran,whowasoneofthejudgesforthecompetition,saidthatwhileAllen’spieceincludedamentionofMidjourney,hedidn’trealizethatitwasgeneratedbyAIwhenjudgingit.Still,hestucktohisdecisiontoawardit第7页/共26页firstplaceinitscategory,callingitabeautifulpiece.“There’salotinvolvedinthispieceandIthinkAItechnologymaygivemoreopportunitiestopeoplewhomaynotfindthemselvesartistsintheconventionalway.”hesaid.Allenwon’tyetsaywhatthetextpromptwasbehindhiswinningimage—he’splanningtokeepitasecretuntilhepublishesalargerrelatedworkthathehopeswillbefinishedlaterthisyear.4.WhatledtothecriticismofJasonAllen’saward-winningcreation?A.Hekepthistextpromptsasecret.B.Heenteredthecompetitionwiththreeimages.C.Digitaltechnologyisnotallowedinthecompetition.D.Midjourney’sAI-generatedimageearnedhimtheaward.5.Whichofthefollowingismostaccessibletocommonuserstocreateimages?A.Imagen.B.Google.C.DALL-E2.D.Midjourney.6.WhydidoneartistmentionrobotsandOlympics?A.ToopposethatrobotsparticipateintheOlympics.B.Toarguethatartcompetitionsshouldremainspecifictohumans.C.ToprovethatneitherOlympicsnorartcanbereplacedbymachines.D.ToproposethatartcompetitionsshouldbanAIbecauseitlackshumancreativity.7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.CalregrettedawardingAllen’spiecefirstplace.B.CalisnegativeabouttheuseofAIinart-making.C.CalunknowinglygavefirstplacetoanAI-generatedwork.D.Allen’sentrydidn’tacknowledgetheuseofAIinhiscreation.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了杰森·艾伦（JasonAllen）使用人工智能（AI）图像生成器Midjourney创作的艺术作品在比赛中获奖后所引发的争议。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InAugust,Allen,agamedesignerfromPuebloWest,wonfirstplaceintheColoradoStateFairFineArtsCompetition.HiswinningimagewasmadewithMidjourney—anartificialsystemthatcanproducedetailedimageswhenfedwrittenprompts(提示符).(8月，来自普韦布洛韦斯特的游戏设计师艾伦在科罗拉多州博览会美术比赛中获得一等奖。他的获奖作品是用Midjourney制作的，Midjourney是一个人工系第8页/共26页统，当输入书面提示时，它可以产生详细的图像)”和第五段“SomeartistswereangeredbyhiswinbecauseofhisuseofAItocreatetheimage.(一些艺术家对他的获奖感到愤怒，因为他使用了人工智能来创作这幅画)”可知，艾伦使用Midjourney这一AI图像生成器创作的图像赢得了奖项，这引起了其他艺术家的批评。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“AnyonecanuseMidjourney,whileDALL-E2requiresaninvitation,andImagenhasnotbeenopeneduptousersoutsideGoogle.(任何人都可以使用Midjourney，而DALL-E2需要邀请，Imagen还没有向谷歌以外的用户开放)”可知，Midjourney是普通用户最容易使用的图像生成器，因为任何人都可以使用它。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“SomeartistswereangeredbyhiswinbecauseofhisuseofAItocreatetheimage.“Thisisreallybadfortheexactsamereasonwedon’tletrobotsparticipateintheOlympics.”oneartistwrote.(一些艺术家对他的获奖感到愤怒，因为他使用了人工智能来创作这幅画。一位艺术家写道：“这真的很糟糕，原因和我们不让机器人参加奥运会完全一样。”)”可知，一位艺术家提到机器人不能参加奥运会从而类比说明艺术比赛应该专属于人类，不应让AI参与。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“CalDuran,whowasoneofthejudgesforthecompetition,saidthatwhileAllen’spieceincludedamentionofMidjourney,hedidn’trealizethatitwasgeneratedbyAIwhenjudgingit.Still,hestucktohisdecisiontoawarditfirstplaceinitscategory,callingitabeautifulpiece.(卡尔·杜兰是这场比赛的评委之一，他说虽然艾伦的作品中提到了Midjourney，但他在评判时并没有意识到这是由人工智能生成的。不过，他坚持自己的决定，将这幅作品评为该类别的第一名，称它是一件美丽的作品)”可知，卡尔·杜兰在评判时并未意识到这幅作品是由AI生成的。由此推知，卡尔·杜兰是无意中将第一名授予了一件由AI生成的作品。故选C。CThenegativenatureofpeerpressure(同伴压力)isoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirelydeserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythatpeerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.Manystudiessuggestthatpeerpressureandthedesiretoconform(顺从)aresimplyapartofbeinghuman.Humans,afterall,arehighlysocialbeings.Ifhumansarehard-wiredtorespondtopeerpressure,thenitmakes第9页/共26页sensetoexaminehowitcanbeusedtochangebehaviorinapositiveway.Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.Sohowdoesitwork?Peerpressure—bothpositiveandnegative—followsarecognizablepsychologicalprocess.IfstudentXdoesnotconformtotheestablishedcultureoftheband,sherisksrejection.Todispeltension,studentXchangesherhabitsandincreasestheamountoftimeandenergyshedevotestopractice.Somepsychologistsdescribethistransitionofpersonalgoalsorstandardstoachieveharmonyaspartofan“identityshift”.Thekeytounderstandingtheconceptofpeerpressureanditspoweroverhumansistocloselyexaminethemechanism,ratherthanfocusonitsnegativeaspects.Providingaone-dimensionalviewoftheconceptencouragesthebias(偏见)thatpeerpressureisastrictlyundesirablefeatureofhumansociety.Instead,weshouldbeexploringwaystouseitspowerforgood.8.Howdoestheauthorillustratetheconstructiveapplicationofpeerpressure?A.Bycitingreference.B.Bycontrasting.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Bygivingdefinitions9.WhichofthefollowingproverbsagreeswithStudentX’stransition?A.Ironsharpensiron.B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D.Keepgoodcompany,andyoushallbeofthenumber.10.Whatdoes“examinethemechanism”meaninthelastparagraph?AFocusonitsdrawbacks.B.Analyzeitsscienceofprocess.C.Offeranarrowperspective.D.Concentrateonitspositivesides11.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.PeerPressure:HarmfulorHelpful?B.PeerPressure:BeyondtheNegativeLabelC.PeerPressure:AKeytoGroupSuccessD.PeerPressure:APsychologicalPerspective【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了同伴压力并不总是负面的，它也可能对年轻人的个人发展和行为产第10页/共26页生积极影响。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.(想象一下这种情况：学生X一直喜欢弹吉他，但她很懒，没有动力。虽然一开始不愿意，但她被说服加入了学校乐队。这群学生正在为一场演出做准备，现有的成员都很热情、专注、勤奋。渐渐地，学生X被乐队的氛围所感染，不久之后，她也心甘情愿地投入了同样的时间和精力，这样他们就能实现一个共同的目标)”可知，在这段中，作者通过描述学生X在同伴压力下如何从一个懒惰、没有动力的人转变为一个愿意投入时间和精力去实现共同目标的人，来举例说明同伴压力的建设性应用。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.(渐渐地，学生X被乐队的氛围所感染，不久之后，她也心甘情愿地投入了同样的时间和精力，这样他们就能实现一个共同的目标)”可知，学生X在积极向上的同伴的影响下，从一个懒惰、没有动力的人转变为一个愿意投入时间和精力去实现共同目标的人，这体现了“近朱者赤”的道理，即和优秀的人在一起，自己也会受到积极的影响而变得优秀。故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“ratherthanfocusonitsnegativeaspects.Providingaone-dimensionalviewoftheconceptencouragesthebias(偏见)thatpeerpressureisastrictlyundesirablefeatureofhumansociety.Instead,weshouldbeexploringwaystouseitspowerforgood.(而不是专注于它的消极方面。对这一概念给出单一维度的看法会助长这样一种偏见，即同辈压力是人类社会中一种完全不可取的特征。相反，我们应该探索如何将同辈压力的力量用于有益的方面)”可知，理解同伴压力的概念及其对人类的影响的关键是密切分析它的科学过程，由此可知，examinethemechanism意为“分析其科学过程”，即要深入理解同伴压力是如何运作的，包括其积极和消极方面的影响，以及如何利用其积极方面来促进个人和社会的良好发展。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thenegativenatureofpeerpressure(同伴压力)isoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirely第11页/共26页deserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythatpeerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.(同伴压力的消极性质常常被不加质疑地呈现出来。同伴压力的不良影响是不可否认的，但同伴压力是否可能并不完全像人们所说的那样糟糕呢？同伴压力是否也会对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响呢？看看科学文献就会发现，同伴压力并不总是负面的)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了同伴压力的积极影响，通过举例说明同伴压力如何促使个人改变行为，实现共同目标，并指出要理解同伴压力的概念及其对人类的影响，关键是要仔细研究其机制，而不是只关注其消极方面。由此可知，B选项“同伴压力：超越负面标签”最符合文章标题。故选B。DTheclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物学者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas“acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”12.WhatmayclimatechangedotohumanbeingsaccordingtoBrusatte?A.Evolvesmallerfigures.B.Threatentheirhealth.第12页/共26页C.Migratetocolderplaces.D.Leadtotheextinction.13.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?A.Everyspeciesofmammalwouldnotgetsmaller.B.Coldfavorssmalleranimalswhilewarmthfavorslargerones.C.Largermammalsloseheatmoreefficientlycomparedtosmallerones.D.Reducingbodysizerepresentsafrequentadaptationstrategyforalltheanimals.14.What’sAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A.Concerned.B.Approving.C.Reserved.D.Doubtful.15.What’sthestructureofthispassage?A.Problem—Analysis—SolutionB.Phenomenon—Cause—EffectC.Centralargument—Analysis—ConclusionD.Proposedidea—Evidence—Challenge【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了气候危机对人类体型可能产生的影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物学者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.(爱丁堡大学的古生物学家史蒂夫·布鲁萨特教授认为，其他哺乳动物以前对气候变化时期的反应方式可以为我们洞悉人类的未来提供线索。他将人类的潜在问题与早期马的问题进行了比较。随着大约5500万年前气温的升高，早期马的体型变小了)”可知，根据布鲁萨特的说法，气候变化可能会导致人类体型缩小。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.”(他补充说：这并不是说每一种哺乳动物都会变小，但当气温上升得非常快时，这似乎是哺乳动物常见的生存技巧。)”可知，并不是每一种哺乳动物都会变小。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecent第13页/共26页humanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”(然而，并非所有专家都认为气温上升会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦敦自然历史博物馆的阿德里安·利斯特教授表示，最近的人类遗骸研究所显示的关系并不强。他说：“我们并没有真正受到自然选择的控制。如果这种情况真的会发生，你会发现很多人因为气候变暖而在生育之前就死去了。这在当今世界是不会发生的。我们穿衣服，我们有暖气，如果天气太热，我们还有空调。”)”可知，阿德里安·利斯特教授认为最近的人类遗骸研究所显示的随着其后变暖人的体型会变小的这种关系并不强。由此推知，他对于最近的研究持怀疑态度。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.(一位著名的化石专家表示，气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对全球气温上升)”可知，文章第一段提出一个观点，即气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小；根据第二段“ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物学者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.(爱丁堡大学的古生物学家史蒂夫·布鲁萨特教授表示，其他哺乳动物此前应对气候变化的方式，或许可以让我们一窥人类的未来。他将人类可能面临的问题与早期马进行了比较，早期马在大约5500万年前气温上升时体型变小了)”和第三段“WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.(布鲁萨特在《哺乳动物的崛起与统治》一书中写道，如今生活在世界温暖地区的动物通常比生活在寒冷地区的动物体型小，这就是所谓的伯格曼法则)”可知，文章第二、三段给出了支持这一观点的证据；根据最后一段“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.(然而，并非所有专家都认为气温上升会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦敦自然历史博物馆的阿德里安·利斯特教授表示，最近的人类遗骸研究所显示的关系并不强)”可知，文章最后一段对这一观点提出了质疑。因此，文章的结构是：提出观点——证据——质疑。故选D。第14页/共26页HowtoTeachYourselfAnythinginLessthanThreeMonthsSelf-educationcanbewonderfulandfrustratingatthesametime.Ifyougoaboutitcorrectly,youcanteachyourselfanythinginjustafewmonths.____16____I’dliketosharemytipstoachievetheformerandavoidthelatter.Myself-educationhasbeenfairlyextensive.Itaughtmyselfhowtoprogramcomputers,creategraphics(3-Dand2-D),howtodesignwebpagesandblog,etc.Self-educationisgoodforjustaboutanybranchofknowledgeorskillsyouwanttoacquire.Herearejustafewstarterpointsofabilitiesyoumightwanttopickup:Knowtheend.Whatshouldyoubeabletodoachieveorknowafterlearning?Mybesteffortsatself-educationhavealwayshadspecificapplications.Themoreprecisetherequirementsofmyknowledge,thefasterIcouldlearn.____17________18____Internetarticlesandscatteredresourcescanhelp,butasolidfoundationisfarsuperior.Therearehundredsofpracticalhandbooksoneveryskillandbranchofknowledge.Bookscangiveyouafoundationthattrial-and-errorcannot.Identifymust-haves.Programmingrequiresbasicmath.Bloggingrequiresbasiccomputer,writingandmarketingskills.Basketballrequiresballhandlingandmovementskills.____19____soyoucanpickthemupbeforeorwhileyoutrytomasteryourskill.Deadlinesdeterminetimeinvestment.Ifyouwanttolearnsomethinginthreemonths,thatcanmeananhouraweekorseveralhoursadaydependingonthediscipline.Yourdeadlinesdeterminehowmuchtimeyouneedtoinvest.PatienceisaVirtue.____20____butitcanbeharderwhenyoureachadead-endanddon’thaveaguide.Yourabilitytoeducateyourselfwillmatchcloselywithyourabilitytokeeptryingwhenyouwanttogiveup.A.BuyaHow-To.B.Combinebookswithtrial-and-error.C.Knowwhatbackgroundskillsyouneedbeforeyoustart,D.Self-educationisn’tmoredifficultthanclassroomlearning,E.Poorlyapplied,however,self-educationcanbeastressfulnightmare.F.DoyoujustwanttospeakSpanish,orbe95%fluentinabasicconversation?G.Learningsomethinginonlythreemonthstakesabitmorethancasualtrial-and-error,第15页/共26页【答案】16.E17.F18.A19.C20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在三个月内自学任何东西的技巧。【16题详解】上文“Ifyougoaboutitcorrectly,youcanteachyourselfanythinginjustafewmonths.(如果你方法得当，你可以在几个月内自学任何东西)”指出正确的方法可以带来好的自学效果；下文“I’dliketosharemytipstoachievetheformerandavoidthelatter.(我想分享一些技巧来实现前者，避免后者)”提到了“前者”和“后者”，暗示本空会提及两种相反的情况。由此可推测，本空描述了如果方法不得当，自学可能会带来不好的结果。选项E“Poorlyapplied,however,self-educationcanbeastressfulnightmare.(然而，如果运用不当，自学可能会成为一场压力重重的噩梦)”与上下文语境相符。故选E。【17题详解】上文“Themoreprecisetherequirementsofmyknowledge,thefasterIcouldlearn.(我的知识要求越精确，我学得就越快)”指出学习目标的明确性对学习速度的影响。由此可推测，本空会通过举例进一步说明明确学习目标的重要性。选项F“DoyoujustwanttospeakSpanish,orbe95%fluentinabasicconversation?(你是只想说西班牙语，还是想在基本对话中达到95%的流利程度吗？)”通过提问的方式，让读者思考自己的学习目标，从而引出下文对明确学习目标的讨论。故选F。【18题详解】空处为段落主旨句。下文“Internetarticlesandscatteredresourcescanhelp,butasolidfoundationisfarsup