Unit 6 单元知识点精讲精练（原卷版）

选择性必修第2册Unit6Survival目标导航目标导航重点词汇1．seasideadj.2．newcomern．3．lambn．4．garlicn．5．crucialadj.6．kitn．7．clayn．8．indoorsadv.9．firefightern．10．blazen．11．fierceadj.12．Marsn．13．wipev．14．nuclearadj.15．unmannedadj.16．spacecraftn．17．orbitv．18．astronautn．19．capsulen．20．trunkn．21．thiefn．22．foxn．23．urbanadj.24．garbagen．25．estimatev．26．caven．27．fueln28．agencyn．29．inferv．词汇拓展1．crimen．罪，罪行→n．罪犯adj.犯罪的2．suburbn．郊区，城郊→adj.郊区的；市郊的3．greedyadj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的→n．贪婪；渴望4．commitv．犯(错误或罪行)→n．承诺；保证；献身；投入5．appreciatev．欣赏；赏识；鉴赏→n．欣赏；感激→adj.赞赏的；感激的6．restrictv．限制，控制→n．限制；限定→adj.限制性的7．hikern．徒步旅行者，远足者→v．去远足8．optimisticadj.乐观的；乐观主义的→n．乐观主义→adj.悲观的9．consumptionn．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量→v．消耗→n．消费者10．reactvi.做出反应，回应→n．反应，回应11．monthlyadj.每月一次的→n．月，月份12．advancedadj.先进的，高级的→vi.前进；取得进展n．进展，进步13．terrifyingadj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→adj.害怕的→v．使害怕14．consistv．由……组成→adj.一致的15．exposev．使暴露(于险境)→n．暴露，显露→adj.暴露的重点词组1．适应；与……一致2．提供；供使用3．确实，确定无疑4．应付(某种情况)5．使……处于控制之下6．摆脱，除去7．彻底摧毁，消灭8．由……组成，由……构成9．在此期间，与此同时10．分开11．面临12．暴露于……重点句型1．Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes，theyinwithus.由于无处安家，它们别无选择只能搬来和我们一起住。2．，theyofferincreasinglyappealingspacestoanimalslookingfornewhabitats.随着我们的城市环境变得更好，它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越吸引人的空间。3．towardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有这样，我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。4．humankindisdrawntowardsMars，withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.毫无疑问，人类被火星吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二个家园。知识精讲知识精讲1greedyadj.贪婪的，贪心的(教材P62)Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen，thegreedythiefdidn'thesitate.贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。Thefoxbroughtupallhehadeatenthismorning.这个贪吃的狐狸把今天早晨吃下去的东西全都吐了出来。[知识拓展](1)begreedyfor begreedytodo... itisgreedyofsb.todo... (2)greedn. greedilyadv. 2commitvt.投入；犯(错误或罪行)；做(错事等)；把……委托于，交付；承诺(教材P62)Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted，thepolicewerepowerlesstoarresthim.不论他犯罪多少次，警察都无法抓捕到他。Youdon'thavetotoanythingoverthephone.你不用在电话里承诺什么。[知识拓展](1)commitacrime commitsuicide commit...to... commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth. (2)committedadj. becommittedto (3)commitmentn. makeacommitment [名师点津]commitoneselfto(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。3inone'sway挡某人的路；妨碍(教材P62)Wherevertheygo，animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。You'llhavetomove—you're.你得挪一挪，你挡了我的路。[知识拓展]inaway bytheway innoway intheway Noway! 4outofreach够不着，达不到(教材P62)Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators，thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。Putyouralarm，willyou?把闹钟放在够不着的地方，好吗？[知识拓展]within(one's)reach reachforsth. reachout(tosb.) reachanagreement 5underconstruction在建造中；正在施工之中(教材P62)Today，foxescanbeseenalloverLondon—oneevenbeingfoundlivingonthe72ndflooroftheShardbuildingwhenitwasunderconstruction!如今，伦敦到处都能看到狐狸，甚至在建的夏德大厦的72层就住着一只狐狸！Thestudioisstillandwon'topenuntilmid­Marchnextyear.这个工作室仍在筹建中，明年三月中旬才能营业。[知识拓展]understudy underexamination underinvestigation undertreatment undercontrol underrepair underdiscussion 6fitinwith适应；符合；与……一致(教材P62)Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.一些动物甚至改变了它们的生活习惯来适应它们的新家。Productionofthegoodsmusttheneedsofthesociety.商品生产必须符合社会需要。[知识拓展](1)fitin fitintosth. (2)befitfor/todosth. keepfit/healthy 7estimatev．估计，估算n．(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计；估价(教材P63)Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionand1billionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户死亡。Theybasedtheironthestatisticsforthelastthreeyears.他们以过去三年的统计数据为根据进行估算。[知识拓展](1)estimatesth.(atsth.) estimatethat从句 it'sestimatedthat... make/formanestimateofsth. aroughestimate (2)underestimatev. overestimatev. 8appreciatev．欣赏，赏识(教材P63)Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving，it'simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。Youwillhisnovelbetterifyouunderstandhischildhood.如果你了解了他的童年，就能更好地欣赏他的小说。[知识拓展](1)appreciatesth. appreciate(one's)doingsth. Iwouldappreciateitif... (2)appreciationn. inappreciationof (3)appreciativeadj. [名师点津]appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，类似用法的动词还有：like，enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。9restrictv．限制；控制(教材P64)Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.一些环保人士认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。Thereistalkofraisingtheadmissionrequirementstothenumberofstudentsoncampus...有传闻称将通过提高录取条件来限制在校学生的数目。[知识拓展](1)restrict...to...restrictoneselfto(doing)sth.(2)restrictionn. make/placerestrictionson 10“only＋状语”引起的倒装(教材P63)Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。[句式分析]句中only修饰时间状语then，置于句首，句子用部分倒装，把情态动词can提前。inthiswaycanwelearnEnglish.只有这样我们才能学会英语。whenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogetbacktowork.直到1918年战争结束时，他才能重新开始工作。[知识拓展](1)在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。(2)若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。语法精讲语法精讲“疑问词＋­ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”[观察例句]1．Whateverdifficultywemeetwith，wemustfinishthetaskontime，sincetheopportunityissovaluable.2．MothersuggeststhatIshouldcollecttheoldclothesandgivethemtowhoeverneedsthem.3．Nomatterwhenyoupicksomethingup，youshouldturnittotheowneratonce.4．Thereisnopersonintheworldwhocandowhatevertopleasehim.[归纳用法]一、“疑问词＋­ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”引导从句的相同点“疑问词＋­ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”都可以引导让步状语从句，均表示“无论；不管”，可互换。Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)happens，wewillnotchangeourmind.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。Wherever(＝Nomatterwhere)heis，hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.不管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的习惯。However(＝Nomatterhow)hardheworks，hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.无论他多么努力工作，他发现总是入不敷出。[名师点津]however作连词时，也可以引导让步状语从句，后面常常接形容词或副词，即：however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语，有时也可以不接形容词或副词。另外，however还可以作副词，意为“然而”，不能引导让步状语从句。完成句子①不管你准备得多么充分，你在登山中仍需要很多运气。，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.②不管发生什么，他都必须完成这项任务。，hemustfinishthetask.③不管你在哪儿上班，你都必须努力。，youmustworkhard.④无论学英语有多难，我都要坚持学下去。，Iwillholdontoit.二、“疑问词＋­ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”引导从句的不同点“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词＋­ever”既可以引导让步状语从句(此时可与“nomatter＋疑问词”互换)，又可以引导名词性从句(此时不可与“nomatter＋疑问词”互换)。(1)whoever引导名词性从句时，在从句中通常作主语，相当于anyonewho。Whoeverwantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.谁想住旅馆，谁就得自己付钱。(主语从句，whoever在从句中作主语)Whoeverwantstostayinahotel，he/shehastopayhis/herownway.无论谁想住宾馆，他/她必须自己付钱。(让步状语从句)(2)whomever引导名词性从句时，在从句中通常作宾语，相当于anyonewhom。但是，在口语中，常用whoever代替whomever。Youmayinvitewhomeveryouliketotheparty.你可以邀请任何你喜欢的人参加这个派对。(宾语从句，在从句中whomever作动词like的宾语)Whomeveryoulike，youcaninvitehim/hertotheparty.无论你喜欢谁，你都可以邀请他/她来参加这个派对。(让步状语从句)(3)whatever引导名词性从句时，相当于anythingthat，在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语；作“无论什么样的”讲时，在句中作定语。It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverhe/shewants.一个小孩想要什么就给他/她什么，一般被认为是不明智的。(宾语从句，在从句中whatever作动词wants的宾语)Whateverhedoeshasnothingtodowithme.他做的任何事都与我无关。(主语从句，在从句中whatever作动词does的宾语)Whateverhesays，shealwaysthinksitright.无论他说什么，她都认为是正确的。(让步状语从句)(4)whichever引导名词性从句时，既可指人，又可指物，通常表示在一定的范围内进行选择。Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.你们谁第一个到这儿，谁就获奖。(主语从句，whicheverofyou在从句中作主语)Whicheverofyougetsherefirst，he/shewillgettheprize.无论你们谁第一个到这里，他/她就获奖。(让步状语从句)判断下列从句的类型①Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished. ②Whoeverbreaksthelaw，heshouldbepunished. ③Whatevermayhappen，youmustkeepcalm. ④Keepcalm，whateverhappens. ⑤Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps. Ⅰ.用whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever填空1．leftthedoorunlockedmustberesponsiblefortheaccident.2．Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuittheseasonis.3．amusingthestoryis，Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.4．ThestrangemanaskedmetohandthelettertoImetinthepolicestation，sayingitwasveryimportant.5．Justicehaslongarms.deliberatelybreaksthelaw，orencouragesotherstodoso，mustexpecttofacejustice.6．Weallknowthatbothcomputershavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses，sochooseyoulike.7．UsinganewappnamedPapa，theelderlypeoplecancallonyoungvolunteerstotakecareofthemtheyareinneed.8．Inpeacetime，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpthereishumansuffering.9．hardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountoffatyoueat.10．Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.Ⅱ.短文语法填空NovelcoronaviruspneumoniasweptacrossChinainlate2019.Ourgovernmentimmediatelytook1.(effect)measuresfortreatmentandprevention.Nomatter2.youare，youcangetfreetreatmentfromthegovernment.Inordertopreventthespreadofthedisease，thegovernmenthadtakenmanymeasures.3.yougo，youhad4.(examine)．Thegovernmentcalledforpeopletobeisolatedathome.Ifyoufeelunwell，youshouldputonamaskandgotoadesignatedhospitalforan5.(examine)immediately.Nomatter6.yougo，youshouldwearamask.However，nomatter7.strictthegovernmentmeasureswere，therewerestillsomepeople8.broketherules.Theydid9.theywantedtodo.Ithasbroughtmanydifficultiestothedefenseofthedisease.AscitizensofChina，weshouldactivelycooperatenomatter10.thegovernmentrequiresustodo.写作园地写作园地写一篇生存故事本单元的写作项目是写一篇生存故事，属于记叙文写作范畴。[基本框架]1．开头(thebeginning)——引出故事；2．主体(themiddle)——具体过程；3．结尾(theending)——自我感受。[常用词块]1．setoffforaplace动身去一个地方2．anunforgettableexperience一次难忘的经历3．lookbackonthepast回首往事4．remindmeoftheevent让我想起那件事5．showourdetermination表明我们的决心6．beworthhavingatry值得一试[常用语句]★精彩开头1．IdidhaveanunforgettableexperiencewhenIwasachild.当我还是孩子的时候，确实有一次难忘的经历。2．Thestoryremindedmeoftheownexperienceinanearthquake.这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。★丰满主体3．WhenIcametomyself，IfoundIwaslyinginbedinhospital.当我苏醒的时候，我发现躺在医院的床上。4．WhenIjustwenttothemiddleofthestreet，acarsuddenlyappearedandcamedirectlytowardme.当我到了路中间的时候，一辆小汽车突然出现了，直接冲我来了。5．Hearingthecry，Iimmediatelyrushedtothebankandjumpedintothewaterwithouttakingoffmyclothes.听到哭声，我立即冲到岸边，没脱衣服就跳进了水里。★余味结尾6．Thegirl'sparentswereverygratefultomeandmanypeopleweregreatlymovedbymydeeds.女孩的父母非常感激我，许多人都被我的行为所感动。例文假如你是某中学高一学生赵明，不久前经历了一次地震，你和邻居一起救出了一个受困的人。请你根据下面四幅图片的顺序，写出事情的全过程。注意：1.开头已给出，不计入总词数；2．词数80左右。提示词：锹，铲spade；担架stretcherLastSaturdaymorning，asevereearthquakesuddenlyhappened.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________练习你和李明参加了一次野外生存训练。下面5幅图画表现了野外训练的过程，请根据图示写一篇英文日记。注意：日记的开头和结尾已为你写好，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：指南针：compass手电筒：flashlight急救包：first­aidkit宿营地：campsiteSaturdayApr.20thSunnyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogramyesterday，andithasbeenoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstrainingtosolveproblems.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth，whichI'llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.【参考范文】SaturdayApr.20thSunnyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogramyesterday，andithasbeenoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstrainingtosolveproblems.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth，whichI'llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)1．I(擦)myshoesonthematbeforeIcamein.2．Acloudof(灰尘)roseintheairasthecarranpast.3．Wemusttakesomemeasurestoreduce(犯罪)inthisarea.4．Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeaboutmyfuture.5．However，oceanexpertsarestudyingmovementsofrandomfloating(垃圾)．6．Theyfoundthe(山洞)quitebyaccidentwhentheywerewalkingacrossthefield.7．Theyarecarryingouttheresearchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthose(燃料)．8．Fromthepassage，wecanthattheauthorsupportstheideaofrunninginthemorning.9．residentmedicalinsuranceisslightlyhigherthanruralcooperativemedicalinsurance.10．Hehadagoodtimenearthe，enjoyingthedeliciousseafoodandthebeautifulsights.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)1．Whenfoodgoesbad，therearesomechemical(react)takingplace.2．Theterriblescenemadeallthepeoplepresentatthemeeting(terrify)．3．Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizer(consume)．4．Somestars’fameisnot(consist)withtheirbehavior，whichletsthefansdown.5．Sheiseagertoimprovetheappearanceofskindamagedby(expose)tothesun.6．Withthehelpofthe(advance)technology，wecancompletethetaskaheadoftime.题组B能力提升练语法填空ThereisnodoubtthathumankinddreamsofmakingMarsoursecondhome.However，sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskills，courageand1.(intelligent)ofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays，itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,2.(travel)throughdangeroussolarradiation.AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely，stayingalivewillbe3.dailychallenge，butasprovedbytheBiosphereexperiment，notimpossible.Asearlyasthe1980s，scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert.Itconsistedofaclosedspace4.people，animalsandplantscouldlivetogether.The“closed”conceptmeantthatthespacewasdesigned5.(function)withitsownoxygen，foodandwater，needingnothingfromtheoutsideworld.6.thetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess，itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently，scientists7.(succeed)ingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartothatonMars.That8.(definite)isabigstepforward.Fornow，humansettlementofMarsisstill9.(decade)away.Inthemeantime，scientificresearchshowst