高考英语复习：阅读专项突破讲义

高考英语复习阅读专项突破

读懂句子之“组件分析法”(括号法)

读句子=断句子

如何给英文断句？

按照英语句子本来的结构断句！

IsawJayChou(inthestreet).

LiHuiistheteacher(whoteachesEnglish).

Isawhim(doingmorningexercises).

Isawhim(doingmorningexercises)(inthestreet)(wheretherearealotofcars)(running

fast)(towardtheirdestinations).

英语句子=主干+修饰

修饰：介词短语；从句；非谓语动词短语

【主干结构：汉英基本相同】

Icome.我来。

Iloveyou.我爱你。

Igiveyoumyheart.我给你我的心。

Youmakemehappy.你让我幸福。

Youaremyeverything.你是我的一切。

所以，以后不用太关注主干，英语的主干结构我们中国人天生就会！因此，真正值得我们研

究清楚的是英语中的一一

三大修饰成分！

（三种括号）

介词短语：从介中开始到名词结束。

athome;intheroom;beyondmyhead

从句：从♦•通开始，中间含有一个谓语动词。

LiHuiisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.

Ifyouloveme,pleasetellme.

非谓语动词短语：

(1)动词不定式：Iwant(togo)(toschool).

⑵现在分词：(Feelingtired),Iwent(tobed).

(3)过去分词：Iwent(tobed),myheart(broken).

英语句子=主干+修饰

修饰：介词短语；从句；非谓语动词短语

括号法使用注意事项：一旦出现下一个括号，就把上一个括号结束掉，不管上一括号本

身结束了没有。

E

Thekids(in(hisvillage)weardirty,raggedclothes.Theysleep(besidecowsandsheep)(in

huts)(madeofsticksandmud).Theyhavenoschool.YettheyallcanchanttheEnglishalphabet,

andsomecanmakewords.

Thekey(totheirsuccess):20tabletcomputers(平板电脑)(droppedoff)(intheirEthiopian

village)(inFebruary)(byaUSgroup)(calledOneLaptopPerChild).

Thegoalis(tofindout)(whetherkids)(usingtoday'snewtechnology)canteachthemsehcs

(toread)(inplaces)(wherenoschoolsorteachersexist).TheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technologyresearchers(analyzingtheprojectdata)say(they'realreadyamazed).”(What

hasalreadyhappened)is(thatthekidshavealreadylearnedmore)(thantheywouldhave)(inone

yearofkindergarlen),"saidMattKeller,(whorunstheEthiopiaprogram).

Thefastestlearnei-andthefirst(toturnononeofthetablets)—is8-year-oldKelbesa

Negusse.Thedevice'scamerawasdisabled(tosavememory),yet(withinweeks)Kelbesahad

figuredoutitsworkingsandmadethecamerawork.Hecalledhimselfalion,amarker(of

accomplishment)(inEthiopia).

(Withhistablet),KelbesarearrangedthelettersHSROE(intoone)(ofthemanyEnglish

animalnames)(heknows).Thenhespelledwords(onhisown).41(Sevenmonthsago)hedidn't

knowanyEnglish.That*sunbelievable,saidKeller.

Theprojectaims(togetkids)(toastage)(calledv\iccpreading"),(wheretheycanread)(to

leam).Itwon'tbe(inAmharic),Ethiopia'sfirstlanguage,but(inEnglish),(whichiswidelyseen)

(astheticket)(tohigherpayingjobs).

62.HowdoestheEthiopiaprogrambenefitthekidsinthevillage?

A.Ittrainsteachersforthem.

B.Itcontributestotheirself-study.

C.Ithelpsraisetheirlivingstandards.

D.Itprovidesfundsforbuildingschools.

63.Whatcanweinfer(fromKeller'swords)(inParagraph3)?

A.Theyneedmoretimetoanalyzedata.

B.Morechildrenarcneeded(fortheresearch).

C.Heisconfident(aboutthefutureoftheproject).

D.Theresearchshouldbecarriedout(inkindergartens).偷换概念

64.ItamazedKellerthat(withthetablet)Kelbesacould.

A.learnEnglishwordsquickly

B.drawpicturesofanimals偷换概念

C.writeletterstoresearchers偷换概念

D.makephonecallstohisfriends无中生有

65.Whatistheaimoftheproject?

A.ToofferEthiopianshigherpayingjobs.

B.TomakeAmharicwidelyusedintheworld.

C.(TohelpEthiopiankidsread)(tolearn)(inEnglish).

D.ToassistEthiopiansinlearningtheirfirstlanguage.

括号法：给“三长〃加括号，讲一个句子断句。

挂钩法：每个括号里的第一个单词都能称为“挂钩单词”，可以利用每个挂钩提问和回答

问题，将一个个括号连接起来。

A

Wealthstarts(withagoalandsavingadollaratatime).Callitthepiggybankstrategy(策

略).Therearelessons(inthattime-honouredcoin-savingscontainer).

Anyhugetaskseemseasier(whenreduced)(tobabysteps).(Ifyouwished)(toclimba12,

OOO-footmountain),andcoulddoitaday(atatime),youwouldonlyhavetoclimb33feetdaily

(toreachthetop)(inayear).(Ifyouwant)(totakeareallynicetrip)(in10years)(fbraspecial

occasion),(tocollectthe$15,000cost),youhave(tosave$3.93aday).(Ifyoudropthat)(into

apiggybank)andthenonceayear(put$1,434)(inasavingsaccount)(at1%interestrate)(after

-tax),youwillhaveyourtripmoney.

(WhenIwasachild),myparentsgavemeapiggybank(toteachme)that,(ifIwanted

something),Ishouldsavemoney(tobuyit).Weassociatepiggybanks(withchildren),but(in

manycountries),thelittlecontainersarealsopopular(withadults).Europeansseeapiggybank

(asasign)(ofgoodfortuneandwealth).(Aroundtheworld),manybelieveagift(ofapiggybank)

(onNewYear'sDay)bringsgoodluckandfinancialsuccess.Ah,yes,butyouhave(toput

sorriething)(init).同步视译：边看边画边翻

Whyisapigused(asasymbol)(ofsaving)?Whynotanelephantbank,(whichisbiggerand

holdsmorecoins)?(IntheMiddleAges),(beforemodernbankingandcreditinstruments),people

savedmoney(athome),afewcoins(atalime)dropped(intoajarordish),Pollers(制陶工)made

theseinexpensivecontainers(fromanorange-colouredclay)(黏土)(called“pygg")，andfolks

savedcoins(inpyggjars).TheMiddleEnglishword(fbrpig)was“pigge”.(WhiletheSaxons

pronouncedpygg),(referringtotheclay),(as“pug")，eventuallythetwowordschanged(intothe

samepronunciation),(soundingthe"i")(asinpigorpiggy).(Asthewordbecameless

associated)(withtheorangeclay)andmore(withtheanimal),acleverpotterfashionedapyggjar

(intheshape)(ofapig),(delightingchildrenandadults).Thepiggybankwasbom.

Originallyyouhad(tobreakthebank)(toget)(tothemoney),(bringinginasenseof

seriousness)(intosavings).(Whilepiggybanksteachchildrenthewisdom)(ofsaving),adults

oftenneed(torelearnchildhoodlessons).Think(aboutthethings)(inlife)(thatrequirelarge

amounts)(ofmoney)一collegeeducation,weddings,cars»medicalcarc»startingabusiness,

buyingahome,andfunstuff(likegreattrips).So(whenyouhavemoney),takeoffthetop10%,

putitaside,saveandinvestwisely.

41.Whatisthepiggybankstrategy?

A.Paying1%incometaxatatime.

Worldmagazine's"2012VerticalTransportationIndustry“一arcaforcethat'sbecomingmore

importantthanever.Andfor(hepeoplewhoreally,reallylovethem,itseemslikehightimethat

we.ookedseriouslyatjustwhatkindofforcetheyare.

67.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?

A.Thegeneralviewofelevators.

B.Theparticularinterestsofexperts.

C.Thedesireforaremarkablemachine.

D.Theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.

68.Theauthor'spurposeinmentioningcarsis.

A.tocontrasttheirfunctionsw:thelevators'

B.toemphasizetheimportanceofelevators

C.torevealtheirsecretwaragainstelevators

D.toexplainpeople'spreferenceforelevators

69.AccordingtoProfBernard,whathasmadetheelevatorridedifferentfromotherlife

experiences?

A.Verticaldirection.

B.Lackofexcitement.

C.Littlephysicalspace.

D.Uncomfortableconditions.

70.Theauthorurgesreaderstoconsider.

A.theexactnumberofelevatorlovers

B.theseriousfuturesituationofelevators

C.theroleofelevatorsincitydevelopment

D.therelationshipbetweencarsandelevators

读懂段落之——段落的十个秘密

“一分钟”看懂文章做对题

秘密1：

段落一定有主题

秘密2*

主题亦必写出来，但是需要被解释

秘密3：

为了解释主题，

段落一定有“结构”

【英文段落结构】

T：Topic主题句

E：Explanation解辖句

E-Example举例子

C：Conclusion总结句

秘密4：

读文章二读主题

读主题二读结构

读结构=读出TEECo

秘密5：

“被解释”的句子

是主题句。

秘密6：

“代词开头，的句子是解释句。

【综述】

秘密L段落一定有主题

秘密2；主题不必写出来，但是需要被解释

秘密3：段落一定有结构。

秘密4：读文章二读主题，读主题二读结构

秘密5：被“解释”的句子是主题句。

秘密6：代词开头的句子是“解释句”。

秘只要看懂主题句，

密7：

就能知道整个段落在〃谈论什么〃

-------也就是正确选项必须“关于什么”

例题：

Abouttwentyofushadbeenfortunateenoughtoreceiveinvitationstoa

film-studio（影棚）totakepartinacrowd-scene.Althoughour"act"wouldlastonly

forashorttime,wecouldseequiteanumberofinterestingthings.

Weallstoodatthefarendofthestudioasworkmenpreparedthescene,

settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath.Verysoon,brightlightswereturned

onandthebigmovie-camerawaswheeledintoposition.Thedirectorshouted

somethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamousactors

nearby.Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneofthe

actorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.Abigfanbegan

blowingtinywhitefeathersdownonhim,andsoonthetreeswerecoveredin"snow".

Twomorefanswereturnedon,anda"strongwind"blewthroughthetrees.The

picturelookedsorealthatitmadeusfeelcold.

Thenextscenewasacompletecontrast（对比）.Thewayitwasfilmedwasquite

unusual.PicturestakenonanislandinthePacificwereshownonaglassscreen（幕）.

Anactorandactressstoodinfrontofthescenesothattheylookedasiftheywereat

thewater'sedgeonanisland.Byasimpletricklikethis,palmtrees,sandybeaches,

andblue,clearskieshadbeenbroughtintothestudio!

Sinceitwasourturnnext,wewereleftwonderingwhatscenewouldbe

preparedforus.Forafullthreeminutesinourliveswewouldbeexperiencingthe

excitementofbeingfilm"stars"!

60.Whoistheauthor?

A.Acameraman.B.Afilmdirector.

C.Acrowd-sceneactor.D.Aworkmanforscenesetting.

61.Whatmadetheauthorfeelcold?

A.Theheavysnowfall.B.Theman-madescene.

C.Thelowtemperature.D.Thefilmbeingshown.

62.Whatwouldhappeninthe"threeminutes"mentionedinthe

lastparagraph?

A.Anewscenewouldbefilmed.

B.Morestarswouldactinthefilm.

C.Theauthorwouldleavethestudio.

D.Thenextscenewouldbeprepared.

秘密8：

主题句看不懂时

解释句会帮你看懂主题

（一句一句往下读，总有一句很简单）

Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationis

whatscientistscalluamusic.MPeoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilityto

recognizeorreproducemusicalnotes（音调）.Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthe

differencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwo

notesiftheyareveryfarapartonthemusicalscale.

Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethe

soundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.

Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforother

peopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograsp

whatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbe

uncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayaway

fromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocial

isolation.''Iusedtohateparties/*saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwho

onlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,

scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition.

65.Whichofthefollowingistrueofamusics?

A.Listeningtomusicisfarfromenjoyableforthem.

B.Theyloveplaceswheretheyarelikelytohearmusic.

C.Theycaneasilytelltwodifferentsongsapart.

D.Theirsituationiswellunderstoodbymusicians.

秘密9：

例子本身不重要

只是用来解释主题

（例子本身往往很难，往往可以不看，而要特别关注例子前后的议论性句子）

秘密10：

总结句处显明建议、态度

（作者真正的态度要看文章结尾处）

训练目标

1、快速抓住主题：这段话“写了个啥”?

2、快速理清结构：读出每句话是一一

主题句？解释句？举例子？总结句？

3、学会用“主题法”做题

只有符合主题的选项，才有可能是正确选项!

“主题法”综合练习&阅读理解内功提升三步法

读句子=断句子分“括号法”

读段落=抓主题今“主题法”

【括号法】

主干部分直接翻

遇见“三长”画括号

提着问题往下顺

调字调序写中文

（边看、边画、边翻）

【主题法】

段首段尾定主题

利用切选答案

（只有符合主题的选项才有可能是正确选项）

【基础阶段-阅读心法总纲】

微观画括号

宏观抓主题

“读懂”句与段

轻松做对题

【阅读理解内功提升三步法】

希望同学们在练习中做到一一

每个生词都查出来【词】

每个句子都画括号【句】

每个段落都抓主题【段】

E

Thekids(inthisvillage)weardirty,raggedclothes.Theysleep(besidecows

andsheep)(inhuts)(madeofsticksandmud).Theyhavenoschool.Yettheyallcan

chanttheEnglishalphabet,andsomecanmakewords.

Thekey(totheirsuccess):20tabletcomputers(平板电脑)(droppedoff)(in(heir

Ethiopianvillage)(inFebruary)(byaUSgroup)(calledOneLaptopPerChild).

Thegoalis(tofindout!(whetherkids)(usingtoday'snewtechnology)can

teachthemselves(toread)(inplaces)(wherenoschoolsorteachersexist).The

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyresearchersanalyzingtheprojectdatasay

they'realreadyamazed.”(WhatIthinkhasalreadyhappened)is(thatthekidshave

alreadylearnedmore)(thantheywouldhave)(inoneyearofkindergarten),“said

MattKeller,whorunstheEthiopiaprogram.

Thefastestlearner—andthefirst(toturnonone)(ofthetablets)—is

8-year-oldKelbesaNegusse.Thedevice'scamerawasdisabledtosavememory,yet

withinweeksKelhesahadfiguredoutitsworkingsandmadethecameraworkHe

calledhimselfalion,amarkerofaccomplishmentinEthiopia.[“伪分段"现象】

(Withhistablet),Kelbesarearrangedthele