考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷127

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷127

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Backinthe1990s,awell-knowncomputerscientisthadanunusualwayofintroducing

himselftowomen.Accordingtoindustrylore,thebrilliantbutsociallyawkward

technologistwouldsidleuptowomenathotelbarsandsay:"DoyouknowwhoIam?

I'mfamousontheInternet."Thetacticwasnottypicallysuccessful.Thecomputer

scientisteitherhadaslysenseofhumororbadlymiscalculatedthevalueofInternet

fame.BeingfamousexclusivelyontheInternethasalwaysbeenworthconsiderablyless

thanrealworldcelebrity.Itdoesn'tgetyoupastanyvelvetropes,ontoOprah'sguestsofa

orenticethepaparazziintofollowingyou.ButnotorietyontheNetisbeingpursuedwith

increasingvigorthesedays.Sincefameequalsattention,andattentiondrawsvisitors—

whichcanbeconvertedintodollarsthroughonlineadvertising—fameontheInternetcan

directlygeneratemoney.Itmayormaynottranslateintoromanticsuccessatahotelbar,

butbeingfamousontheInternetisbeginningtograntplentyofotherbenefits.Onlya

fewyearsago,fameontheInternetwasmorecloselyassociatedwithinfamythan

achievement.Internetcelebritiesrocketedacrossthefirmamentlikeshootingstars,

propelledbytheirverypublicembarrassments.In1999,aTurkishmannamedMahir

turnedhimselfintoanonlinecelebritywithaWebsitethatgreetedvisitors,"Ikissyou!"

andassertedhisownstupidnessinbadlybrokenEnglish.Amonthlater,adot-comwas

treatinghimliketheirnewmascotandflyinghimaroundtheworld.Butnowit's

suddenlymorerespectable.Onlinepersonalitiessetupsites,buildaudiencesandslowly

accumulatenotoriety.Webcelebritiescanarchitecttheirownascentandstickaroundfor

awhile.Internetfamestillremainsdifferentthanrealfameinmanyways.Toachieve

realfame,youmustpleasethemasses.Internetfameismostefficientlyattainedby

appealingtoasophisticatednicheaudience,thengrowingthefanbasefromthere.Real

celebritiesgetconfrontedbyadmirersonthestreetandinrestaurants.Internetcelebrities

aremorelikelytobeinterruptedathome,bymegabytesofunsolicitede-mailfrom

peoplewhothinktheyhaveapersonalrelationshipwiththem.Internetfamecanalsobe

cultivatedalmostentirelybyyourself,withaPC,lotsoffreetimeandsomeingenuity.

Therearenointermediaries,andyougettochooseexactlyhowmuchofyourselfyou

reveal.Themassesvoteonyourworthinesswiththeirattention.

1、Whywasthewell-knowncomputerscientist'sintroductiontacticnotverysuccessful?

A-.Becausehewasbrilliant.

B、Becausehesidleduptothewomaninbars.

C、Becauseheoverestimatedhisfame.

D、Becausehewasacomputerscientist.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：属细节题。根据问题定位第二段第一句：计算机专家不是富于幽默感

就是错误估计了网络声誉的价值。C“因为他高估了自己的声誉”符合此意，是正确

答案。

2、WecanlearnfromthetextthatbeingaguestonOprah'scouch.

A、isbadlymiscalculated

B、isworsethanbeingontheInternet

C、ismoreworthythanbeingfamousontheInternet

D^isvaluedconsiderablylessthanbeingfollowedbythepaparazzi

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：属推断题。根据题目中的关键词Oprah飞couch定位第二段第三句，

这句话是上一句话的例证，上一句话的意思是：仅限于因特网上的知名度的价值总

是比现实世界的名声小得多。选项C表达的就是这个意思，因此选C。

3、Mahirbecamefamousbecause.

A、hewasadoptedbyadot-comcompany

B、hekissedallhisvisitors

C、hehadtheonlyEnglishwebsiteinTurkey

D、ofhispoorEnglish

标准答案：D

知识点解析：属细节题。根据题干定位到原文第四段。第一句指出：网上出名靠的

是声名狼藉而不是个人成就。然后举了Mahir的例子，提到了他蹩脚的英语。所以

D为正确答案。A项是他成名后的事情。B项与原文不符，kissyou只是一句口

号，并非真的去做。C项中的only在原文中未提。

4^Toachieverealfameonlineyoumust.

A^appealtothemasses

benotoriousinaveryshorttime

C>beefficientinbuildingupawebsite

D、pleaseasmallbutgrowingselectaudience

标准答案：D

知识点解析：属细节题。原文第五段最后一句指出：网上出名最有效的办法就是先

吸引少量观众，然后在此基础上发展自己的“粉丝”，所以答案为D。A项“吸引大

众”是想出名都要做的事情（本段倒数第二句），而题干问的是网上出名的办法。B项

中的benotorious和C项中的buildingupawebsite虽然符合原文,但inaveryshort

time以及beefficient在原文中没有明确提到。

5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofrealfame?

A、Itshouldbepursued.

B、ItisbetterthanInternetfameineveryway.

C^Ilcanonlybeachievedbyappealingtoasophisticatedniche.

D、Itcan'tbecultivatedbyyourself.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：属推断题。这道题主要考查对末段的理解。这一段把现实世界里的名

人和网上的名人进行了对比，其中提到网络上的名声还可以几乎完全由自己建立，

那么现实世界里的名声与之相反，D符合这个意思，因此正确答案是D。

"HowdoIgetintojournalism?Hisaquestionthatalmostanyonewhoworksinthistrade

willhavebeenaskedbyfriends,godchildren,passingstudentsand,insomecases,their

parents.Theanswer,ofcourse,is:"withdifficulty”.Abreezilywrittennewbookbythe

writer,broadcasterandformereditoroftheIndependentonSunday,KimFletcher,

recognisesthis.Itspurpose,broadly,istoanswerthequestionposedabove,andtooffer

sometipsonhowtostayinjournalismonceyougetthere.Tenacitymattersaboveall;

andthere'sareasontobetenacious.Journalistsnowarearguablymoreprofessional,and

certainlymoresober,thaninthehotmetaldaysofoldFleelStreet,butbeingahackis

stillmorefunthanabarrelofmonkeys.Yougettohaveadventuresandthenwriteabout

them.AsFletchersays:"Youwoulddoiteveniftheydidn'tpayyou."Landingthatjobis

acatthatcanbeskinnedindozensofways.Intheolddays,you'dlearnthetradeasan

indenturedapprenticeonaregionalnewspaper—workingyourwaythroughthe

newsroomcoveringjam-makingcompetitionsandparishcouncilmeetingsand,

occasionally,bracingyourselfforthegrimtaskofthe"death-knock",whereyou

interviewthegrievingparentsofthatweek'sTragicToi,andtrouserasmanyoftheir

familyphotographsasyoucan.Andthence,insomecases,toFleetStreet—thoughasMr

Fletcherpointsout,nationalsarenotthebe-allandend-allofjournalism,andmany

extremelygoodhacksprefertoremainonlocalpapers,orplytheirtradehappilyin

magazines.Youcanstartwritingfeaturesorreportsforsomeofthemanytradeand

specialistmagazines.Oryoucansneakstraightontoanationalasajuniorgossip

columnist.Othersgetstartedbysubmittingideasandarticlesonafreelancebasis.As

Fletcherpointsout,theeditororsectioneditortowhomyouwriteis——mostofthetime—

itchingtothrowyourletteraway;askingyouinforaninterview,orreadingyour

cuttings,isalime-consumingandprobablyboringtaskhewouldratheravoid.

Misspellinghisname,ormistakinghisjobtitle,isagiftofanexcusetoslam-dunkyour

letterinthecylindricalfilingcabinet.ReportersaresupposedLobegoodalfindingthings

out.Ifyoucan'tevenfindoutthenameofthepersonyouareaskingforajob,youaren't

goingtobeagoodreporter.

6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby.

A、posingacontrast

B、justifyinganassumption

C、makingacomparison

D^describingaphenomenon

标准答案：D

知识点解析：屈主旨题。问题是“作者第一段引出主题的方式''是什么，即这一段的

写作方法。第一段描述了一个现象：在新闻界工作的人儿乎都会被问到一个问题，

“我如何进入新闻界?”所以答案是D,其他三个都是干扰选项。

7、Inwhatwaydoesthetextimplythatjournalismhaschanged?

A、Journalistsmakemoremoney.

B>Journalistsaremoreserious.

C^Itiseasiertofindajob.

D^Itishardertokeepajob.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：属推断题。问题是新闻工作在哪方面发生了变化，过去与现在的比较

出现在第二段。该段第四句话出现了比较级，意思是与老舰队街热排版时期相比，

现在的记者可能更加职业化，无疑也更加严肃。B选项正好符合这个意思，因此选

B,其他三个选项无法从文中推出。

8、Wheredothebestjournalistswork?

A、FleetStreet.

B、Forthenationalnewspapers.

C、Anywherethatacceptsfeatureswriters.

D、Inavarietyofplaces.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：属细节推断题。第三段末句说，一些人从地方报社发展到舰队街（英

国伦敦新闻界集中地），但Mr.Fletcher指出：全国性的报社未必就是新闻界的一

切。很多不错的记者宁愿留在地方报社，或快乐地充当杂志记者，所以在哪里都能

把新闻工作做到最好，这样正确答案只有D。A、B、C三选项都很片面。

9、Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdandfourthparagraphsthat.

A、thereareveryfewwaystogetstartedinjournalism

B、itismoredifficultnowtoworkyourwayupthanitwasbefore

C、thereareamyriadofdoorsleadingtojournalism

D、mostpeopleworkonafreelancebasis

标准答案：C

知识点解析：属推断题。问题对应第三、四段。第三段第一句话就提到：找那份工

作有的是办法C文章紧重着列举了过夫以及现在当记者的不同途径，第四段又有二

个例子，这足以说明进入记者这•行有很多条路可以走，因此答案是C。

10、Ms.Fletcherremindsusthateditors.

A、areusuallyitchy

B、lookformistake

C、oftenmisspellnames

D、enjoyreadingresumesandwritingsamples

标准答案：B

知识点解析：属推断题。这道题考查对末段的理解。这段话的主要意思是：

Fletcher指出，大多数时候，编辑想把你写给他的信扔了，因为约你见面或者读你

的剪报是件费时枯燥的工作，他能不干就不干。拼错他的名字，或者弄错他的职

称，都给了他一个借口任你的信投到垃圾桶里。选项B是正确答案。

Menandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainis

concerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypes

oftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthink

morewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthat

justbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvineledthe

researchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshow

thatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtogeneral

intelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountof

whitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedtomen."Thesefindingssuggestthathuman

evolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedfbrequallyintelligent

behavior,"saidHaier,addingthat,"bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,

thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairment

diseasesinthebrain.HTheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournal

NeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,

whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthis

studymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco­

authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,

mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchas

mathematics,Jungsaid,v/hilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilating

informationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.

Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferent

activitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellon

broadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.Thisresearchalsogives

insighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.

Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematter

regionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereas

thepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman'sfrontallobesare45percentandzero,

respectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamagein

womentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaier

andJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersin

menandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecise

treatmentsforbraindamage.

11、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

A>Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B、Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C、Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D、Theanatomyofmen'sbrainsandwomen'sbrainsdiffer.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：属细节题。第一句指出：至少从大脑解剖学的角度来看，男女思维方

式是不同的，从而推出D为正确答案。A项说大脑是单块整体器官，与文中第二

句“大脑主要由两种不同类型的组织构成‘'相矛盾。B在第一段没有提到。C与此段

末句（男女思维方式不同，但这不影响他们的智力水平）相矛盾。

12、Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause.

A、itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthat

affectthoughtprocesses

itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C、itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecialisein

differentwaysofthinking

D、manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

标准答案：A

知识点解析：属细节题。第二段最后指出：这项研究有可能促进人们对痴呆症和其

他大脑认知缺损疾病的研究。所以答案选A。文章的主题并不是男女智力平等，而

是这一发现使人们更清楚地认识男女大脑的不同，以及对医学的贡献—诊断、治

疗大脑疾病、损伤等。故排除B、CoD项文中未提及。

13、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

ANIthelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B、Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C^Thereislessofitinmen'sbrains.

D、Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterand

mathematicalability.

标准答案：R.

知识点解析：属细节题。根据原文第三段第二句，Rraybrainmatter代表信息处理

中枢。然而有助于把来自大脑不同部位的信息组合在一起的是whitebrainmatter,

故而排除A选B。C正好说反j',应该是women'sbrain。D项文中未明确说明。

14、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

A、Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B、Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C、Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguistic

ability.

D、Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：属推断题.A项说女性的whitebrainmatter比男性多，这在第二段第

四行可以得到印证。B项说它用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息组合在一起，根据第

三段第二句可判断B项表述正确。另外，文章只是说whitebrainmatter与组合信息

有关，但无法推出whitebrainmatter的数量与linguisticability有直接关系，由此得

出C项符合题意。所以D可排除。

15、Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat.

A、menandwomenarcequallyintelligent

B、menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C^headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D、theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

标准答案：C

知识点解析：属推断题。本段通过举例说明，同样是脑前部受伤，其对大脑的损害

却因性别不同而不同。因此，希望医生能借此发现对大脑损伤进行及早诊断、治

疗。故C为正确选项。总览全文，A只是一个事实，但答非所问。B也只是一个细

节。D展示这项发明对其他科学家也有用，显然超出本段内容。

Nano-sizedtoothbrushesthatcancleanverysmallsurfaceshavebeendevelopedby

researchers.Fabricatedoutofmillionsofcarbonnanotubes,theminusculebrushescould

evenpainttheinsideofcapillariesthinnerthanahumanhair.Butbesidesbeingsmall,the

nanotubeshaveotheradvantagesovertraditionalbristles,saysoneoftheircreators

PulickelAjayanatRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinTroy.NewYork.Thematerials

typicallyusedformakingbrushbristlesincludeanimalhairs,syntheticpolymerfibres

andmetalwires.Buteachhasitslimitations.Metalscorrodeandweaken,hairisnotvery

strongandsyntheticfibresmelt.Carbonnanotubes,ontheotherhand,are30times

strongerthansteel,yetfivetimeslessdense.Theyarehighlyelastic,resistanttoheat,

havelargesurfaceareasandevenconductelectricity.Thelatterpropertymakesthem

highlysuitableforthecontactbrushesusedinelectricmotors,saysAjayan.Heand

AnyuanCaoatRensselaer,incollaborationwithcolleaguesattheUniversityofHawaii

inHonolulu,U.S.,havedesignedbrushesconsistingofasiliconcarbidefibrebaseon

whichthecarbonnanotubesaregrowninasinglerowofbristleslikeatoothbrush,orin

groupsofbristlesmorelikeatoiletbrush.Oneendofthebaseiscoatedwithgold,which

actslikea"handle1'andalsoinhibitsnanotubegrowthatthatend.Thedimensionscanbe

varieddramatically,saysAjayan,buttypicallythebundleofnanotubesisnosmallerthan

afewmicrometresindiameter.Thebrushescouldhaveavarietyofapplications.They

havealreadybeenusedtosweepparticlesmeasuringjust50nanometresindiameteroffa

plainsurface,andoffanothersurfacepittedwithmicroscopicgrooves.Theresearchers

havealsoattachedthegoldhandleofathree-prongedbrushtotheshaftofasmallelectric

motor.Thisallowedthemtorotatethebristlesinsidea300-micrometre-widecapillary

tube,cleaningcontaminationoffitswalls.Then,bycoatingthebrushwithareddye,they

wereabletopainttheinsideofthecavityusingthesameapproach.Thebrushes'abilityto

cleansmallparticlesappearstobeextremelygood,saysAjayan,althoughheisstillnot

surewhy."Perhapsthecleaningoccursbyeleulroslalicinlerauliuiis,andsincethesurface

areaofthenanostructuresislarge,thecleaningispossiblymoreeffective."Theaimnow

istoapplythebrushestomorespecificmicroelectronicandbiomedicalapplications.

16、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanadvantageofthenanotubebrushes?

A、Theirsize.

B、Theirstrengthtoweightratio.

C、Theirabilitytowithstandextremecold.

D、Theirflexibility.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：属细节题。文章第三段提到，纳米管比钢的力度强30倍，但密度小