考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷368

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷368

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

ThedeathoftheactressNatashaRichardsonafterafallonaskislopehasfurther

publicizedanuglytruththatmillionsofAmericansalreadyknow:Hardlyanyoneoutside

ofanemergencyroomknowshowtorespondtobraintrauma.Thereisn'tastandard

responsesystemthathasbeenadequatelypromulgatedinhighschoolorcollegeathletics,

boxingringsorskiresorts.We'refascinatedbytheinnerworkingsofthebrainand

marvelatitsmysteries,yetwearen'tveryseriousaboutprotectingourmostprizedorgan.

Accordingtoa2008listputtogetherbytheAmericanAcademyofCertifiedBrainInjury

Specialists,thereisn'tasinglecertifiedbraininjuryspecialistworkingonAmerica'sski

slopes.Braininjur）zpreventionandresearchhasbeennotoriouslyunderfinancedfor

decadesnow.In2007,thefederalAIDSbudgetwas$22,8billion,andParkinson's

diseasereceived$250million.Incontrast,theHealthandHumanServicesDeparlmenCs

traumaticbraininjuryprogram,themostsubstantivepublichealthprogramtargetingthis

problem,wasallottedonly$8.5million,andlastyearPresidentGeorgeW.Busheven

proposedeliminatingit.（PresidentObamarecentlyaddedaround$1milliontothe

program.）Therehasbeensomegoodnews,too.TheDepartmentofDefensehas

increasedallocationsfbrbraininjuryresearchinrecentyears.Oneofthemostpromising

ncurotraumaprotocolscomesfromanEmoryUniversityresearcher,DonaldStein,whose

worksuggeststhatadoseofthehormoneprogesteroneadministeredwithin24hoursofa

braininjurycouldhaveaprofoundprotectiveeffect.Inthreeyears,aninjectionof

progesteronemightbestandardprocedureineveryemergencyresponsearsenal.Thebest

hopeforlegislativereformcomesfromtheNationalNeurotechnologyInitiativeAct,

introducedlastyear,whichcallsfor$200milliontoward"scienceandtechnologythat

allowsanindividualtoanalyze,understand,treatandhealthebrainandnervoussystem".

Eachyear,1.4millionAmericanssustainabraininjury.Sonicofthem,likeNatasha

Richardson,willwaveoffthetraumaandcontinueasbefore,onlytobepermanently-or

mortally—injuredasaresult.Withmorethan300,000troopspossiblyaffectedbybrain

injury,themilitaryiscreatingasophisticatedneurotraumaresponsesystem.Howmany

millionsofcivilianbrainsmustbeinjuredbeforeournationprovidesasimilarresponse?

1、Thedeathofanactressiscitedtoshowthat.

A、fewpeopleareknowledgeableaboutthedangerofskiing

B>averagepeopleknowlittleabouthowtoprotecttheirbrains

C>mostpeoplehardlyknowanythingabouthowabrainworks

D、millionsofAmericansknowalotabouttheuglybraintrauma

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：根据第一段第一句中的“Hardlyanyoneoutsideofanemergencyroom

knowshowtorespondtobraintrauma”和最后一句中的“yetwearen'tveryseriousabout

protectingourmostprizedorgan”,B应为答案。

2、Thefactthatthereisn'tasinglecertifiedbraininjuryspecialistworkingonAmerica's

skislopesillustratesthat.

A、wefailtopayadequateattentiontotheprotectionofourbrains

B、therelacksaperfectresponsesystemtobraininjuryinAmerica

C、specialistsareonlyinterestedintheinnerworkingsofthebrain

D^it'surgenttohavebraininjuryspecialistsworkingonskislopes

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者在第二段中用事实"thereisn,tasinglecertifiedbraininjury

specialistworkingonAmcrica'sskislopes”证明第一段最后一句所说的观点“yetwe

aren'tveryseriousaboutprotectingourmostprizedorgan"。所以，A应为答案。

3、ThebraininjurypreventionandresearchinAmerica.

A、mighthavebeeneliminatedbyBushAdministration

B、hasbeenthemostsubstantivepublichealthprogram

C、isnotorioussinceithasbeenunderfinancedforyenrs

D、hasbeenneglectedbyhigherauthoritiesforalongtime

标准答案：D•

知识点解析：根据第三段第一句"Braininjurypreventionandresearchhasbeen

notoriouslyunderfinancedfordccadcsnow"，D应为答案。

4、EveniftheDepartmentofDefense;hasincreasedallocationsforbraininjury

research,.

A^millionsofAmericanssustainabraininjuryeachyear

B、somesufferersfromsuchinjuryarehardlytobeinjuredforgood

C、asophisticatedneurotraumaresponsesystemistobecreated

D^thesufferingfrombraininjurycannotbeeffectivelyalleviated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据最后一段第二句"Someofthem...onlytobepermanently一or

mortally-injuredasaresulf\B应为答案。

5、Theauthorimpliesthattheprospectforthepreventionofbraininjuryis.

A、grim

B、bright

C、doubtful

D、formidable

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据全文最后一句"Howmanymillionsofcivilianbrainsmustbeinured

beforeournationprovidesasimilarresponse”,C应为答案。

Ifyougotoafootballgame,arockconcertorafraternitykegger,youwillnotbe

surprisedtofindpeoplescreaming,laughing,bumpingchests,ringingcowbells,bayingat

themoonandgenerallysheddingtheirinhibitions.Ifyouattendaweddingceremony,a

funeraloraconfirmation,however,youmayexpectthosearoundyoutocomport

themselvesinapoliteandrestrainedmanner.Schoolcommencementexercisesusedto

fallintothelattercategory,buttheyhavebeenmoving—makethatdescending-toward

theformer.ThequestionbeingaddressedinGalesburg.111.,iswhethertosurrenderto

thatslideortrytoreverseit.AndI'mhappytoreportthatschoolofficialstherenotonly

favorreversalbuthaveactuallymanagedtobringitabout.Theyadoptedseveralreforms,

themostimportantofwhichwastoestablishclearrulesandrequirestudentsandparents

tosignformslistingforbiddenconduct—suchasyelling,dancing,makinggestures,using

noisemakersandother"disruptivebehavior".Theschoolalsospelledoutthe

consequences"shouldthegraduatingstudentand/orfamily/friendsadmittedtothe

ceremony"misbehave:Thestudentwouldbebarredfromtheschoolpartyandwouldnot

getanactualdiploma(thoughheorshewouldstillbeconsideredagraduate).Aninsert

wentintothecommencementprogramincaseanyoneneededonelastreminder.

Administratorssaythenewpolicyproducedahugeimprovement.Butthisyear,afew

recalcitrantshadtotestthelimits,andtheschooldecidedtowithholddiplomasfromfive

students.Theywereofferedthechancetogettheirdiplomasbyperformingeighthoursof

communityservice.OnWednesday,though,schoolofficialsrelented,sayingitwastime

"tomoveon".Atatypicalgraduation,mostpeopledon'tneedtobetoldtoshowcourtesy

andrespectforothers.Buttherearealwayssomeattendeeswhoinsistoncallingattention

tothemselves.Andallittakesisahandfuloftheunrulytospoiltheexperiencefor

everyoneelse.Somepeoplethinkthatacommencementisacelebration,andthat

celebrationsbydefinitionshouldbeunrestrained.Bythatlogic,weddingguestsshouldbe

blowingnoisemakersduringtherecitationofvows.ModemAmericadoesnotlackfbr

parties.Whatitincreasinglylacksisritualsthattreatlandmarksinlifewithasenseof

solemnity.SchoolofficialsinGalesburgmayhavefallenshortofaperfectsolution,but

theyatleastaretryingtopreserveatraditiontheircommunityvalues.Theyunderstand

thatasocietywhichtreatseveryhappyoccasionasafrolicisasocietyindangerof

forgettingthatsonicmoircntsarcworthyofdignity,respectandevenawe.

6、TheauthorarguesthatinsomespecialOccasionspeopleareexpected.

A、toshowtheirfeelingslightheartcdly

B、toshedtheirinhibitions

C、tobehavepolitely

D、toplayitcool

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段第二句"Ifyouattend...however,youmayexpectthose

aroundyoutocomportthcmsclvcsinapoliteandrestrainedmanner”,C应为答案。

7、Theword"slide"inthe2ndparagraphreferstothetendencythat.

A、therearefewerschoolcommencementexercises

B、somepeoplebecomelessrestrainedinsolemnceremonies

C、schoolofficialsfavorthereformsofcommencementexercises

D、peopleinterestedinschoolcommencementarelessthanbefore

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第二段第一句"Schoolcommencementexercises...category,but

theyhavebeenmoving-makethatdescending-towardtheformcf\B应为答案。

8、TheschoolofficialsinGalesburg,Ill..

A、requirestudentsandparentstosignforms

B、admitparentstoattendschoolceremonies

C、haveestablishedspecificrulesforstudentsandparents

D、forbidstudentstobehaveimpolitelyinschoolceremonies

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第三段"Theyadoptedseveralrefbrms,...forbiddenconduct—

suchasyelling,dancing,makinggestures,usingnoisemakersandother'disruptive

behaviorD应为答案。

9、Theauthorassertsthat.

A、studentswhomisbehaveshouldbepunished

B、celebrationsshouldnodoubtbeunrestrained

C、somemomentsshouldbetreatedwithsolemnity

D、peopleshouldnevercallattentiontothemselves

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第七段最后一句"Whalitincreasinglylacksisritualsthattreat

landmarksinwithasenseofsolemnity”和全文最后一句“Theyunderstand...that

somemomentsareworthyofdignity,respectandevenawe”,C应为答案。

10、TheauthorbelievesihatwhatschoolofficialsinGalesburgaredoingis.

A、worthyofpraise

B、farfromadequate

C^morethansufficient

D、obviouslyimperfect

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据最后一段第一句"SchoolofficialsinGalesburg...solution,but

theyatleastaretryingtopreserveatraditiontheircommunityvalues”,A应为答案。

Heartfailurepatientswhostartedanaerobicexerciseprogramreportedbetterqualityof

lifeafterthreemonths,thoughtheactivityonlymodestlyreducedtheirriskofbeing

hospitalizedordyingovertwoandahalfyears,researchershavefound.Theresults

appeartoresolvethequestionofwhetheritissafeformedicallystablepatientswithheart

failuretoengageinphysicalactivity,sinceparticipantsintheexercisegroupwereno

morelikelytosufferanadverseeventthanthosewhov/erenotexercising.Patientswith

heartfailurehavetraditionallybeentoldtorest,butthatrecommendationischangingin

lightofevidencethatsuggestsphysicalactivityisbeneficialandmayevenincrease

survivalratesinsomepatients.Twostudies,tobepublishedWednesdayinTheJournal

oftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,reportdatafromacontrolledclinicaltrial

sponsoredbytheNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute.Oneanalysisfoundthat

exerciseimprovedoverallwell-being,whiletheotherfoundthatitslightlyreducedthe

riskofhospitaladmissionsanddeath.SomefivemillionAmericanshaveheartfailure,in

whichtheheartfailstopumpenoughbloodforthebody'sneeds,andanestimated

500,000casesarediagnosedeachyear.Thoughmedicationandothertreatmentsexist,

patientsoftensufferfrompoorqualityoflife.Simpleactivitieslikeclimbingstairsleave

themtiredandshortofbreath;theyarefrequentlyhospitalizedandathighriskfor

prematuredeath.Thetrialfollowed2,331stableheartfailurepatientsfromtheUnited

States,CanadaandFrance,withamedianageof59.Fewerthanone-thirdwerewomen.

Thepatientswererandomlyassignedtotheirusualmedicalcareortostandardtreatment

combinedwithanaerobicexerciseprogram,thenfollowedfortwoandahalfyearson

average.Exerciseparticipantsbeganbyusingatreadmillorastationarybicycle15

minutesto35minutesthreetimesaweek,workingupto40minutesfivetimesaweek.

Deathandhospitalizationrateswereonlyslightlylowerintheexercisegroup.About65

percent,or759patients,intheexercisetraininggroupdiedorwerehospitalized,

comparedwith68pcrccn:,or796patients,intheusualcaregroup.Afteraccountingfor

severalvariables,thescientistsdeterminedthatpatientswhoexercisedcuttheirriskof

deathandhospitalizationby11percent.Dr.KathrynE.Flynn,anassistantprofessorof

psychiatryandbehavioralsciencesattheDukeSchoolofMedicine,saidoverhalfofthe

patientswhoexercisedhadpalpableimprovementsinqualityoflifemeasures,compared

withonly29percentinthegroupthatreceivedusualcare.

II、Itisreportedthataerobicexerciseprogram.

A、relievespatientsofthepaintheysuffer

B、restoresbothmentalandphysicalhealth

C、reducesthesufferingsfromheartfailure

D、markedlylowerstheriskofdyingsoon

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段中的"Heartfailurepatientswhostartedanaerobicexercise

programreportedbetterqualityoflifeafterthreemonths,…C应为答案。

12>Ifmedicallystablepatientswithheartfailuretakeregularphysicalexercise,

they.

A、arenotlikelytodiewithintwoyears

stillruntheriskofbeinghospitalized

C、mayliveasnormallyashealthypeople

D、arelikelytosurvivelongerthanotherwise

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据第二段最后一句中的“…physicalactivityisbeneficialandmayeven

increasesurvivalratesinsomepatients”,D应为答案c

13^Inspiteofmedicationandtreatment,.

ANasmanyasfivemillionAmericanssufferheartfailure

B、patientswithheartfailuresufferalotintheirdailylife

C^heartfailstopumpenoughbloodfbrthebody'sneeds

D、manynewcasesofheartfailurearereportedeachyear

标准答案：B'

知识点解析:根据第四段中的“Thoughmedicationandothertreatmentsexist»patients

oftensufferfrompoorqualityoflife.Simpleactivities...leavethemtiredandshortof

breath...",B应为答案。

14>Accordingtoaclinicaltrialonpatientswithheartfailure,lightexerciseis.

A、conducivetotheimprovementoflifequality

B、notlikelytoreplacethestandardtreatment

C、onlycomplementarytousualmedicalcare

D、effectivetoreducetheriskofdyingsoon

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第三段中的“Twostudies...reportdatafromacontrolledclinical

trial....Oneanalysisfoundthatexerciseimprovedoverallwell—being,…“，A应为

答案。

15、Theauthorarguesthatstableheartdisorderpeople.

A、runlittleriskofdeathiftakingaerobicexercises

B、requireusualmedicalcareandstandardtreatment

C、arelesslikelytobehospitalizediftakingexercise

D、oftenfeeltiredandbreathlesswhengoingupstairs

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第七段最后一句中的“…patientswhoexercisedcuttheirriskof

deathandhospitalizationby11percenl"，C应为答案c

Combininganimalandhumangenesprovokesuneaseamongsomephilosophers,

theologians,andordinarycitizens.Currently,scientistswanttoinjectthenucleiofhuman

cellsintoanimaleggs-generallyfromcowsandrabbits-thathavebeenstrippedof

theirnucleitocreatecellhybrids,orcybrids.Nooneknowsifsuchcybridembryosmight

growintohumanbabiesifimplantedinanappropriatewomb.Wouldsuchcybridbabies

suffersomephysicalormentalproblemsasaresultof(heiranimalgeneticheritage?The

realrisksofcreatingphysicallyandmentallydiminishedhumanbeingsmeanthatit

wouldbeimmoraltogrowhuman-animalcybridsintofull-termbabies.Butlet'sflipthe

question—insteadofdiminishinghumans,whataboutupliftinganimalsbyboostingtheir

intelligenceandphysicaldexterity?Woulditbewrongtoupliftanimalsandmakethem

happyslaves?Creatinghappyupliftedanimalslavesfacestwochiefmoralobjections.

First,Iwouldnotwanttobeahappyslave.IfIwouldn'twanttobeonethenIassumeno

oneelse,includingupliftedanimals,wouldwanttobe.Second,asocietydependenton

happyslaveswouldbemorallycorrosive.Sowhywouldn'tIwanttobeahappyslave—

afterallIwouldbe,bydefinition,happy.IrejecthappyservitudebecauseIdon'twant

limitationsplacedonmycapacitiesandmyaspirations.Butofcourse,mygenesand

environmenthavealreadylimitedmyintellectualandphysicalcapacitiesandaspirations.

However,livingasahumandiscontentedwithmyshortcomings,Iknowthatitis"Better

toreigninHell,thanserveinHeaven".Whensufficientprogresshasbeenmadelaterthis

century,Ihopetohavethepowerofchoosinghowtousenewtechnologiestoenhance

mycapacitiesandevenattheriskofoverwhelminganddestroyingmyownidentity.On

thepointofmoralcorrosion,considertheplotofThePlanetoftheApes.Whathas

happenedisthatthehumansupliftedtheapesandbecamesodependentupontheirsimian

servantsthattheirintellectsdecayed.Thereare,ofcourse,lotsofconfoundingfactors,

buthistoryfeaturesnoeconomicallyandtechnologicallyrobustslave-holding

civilizations.Inanycase,Isuspecthumanitywillbecomedeeplyintegratedwithour

increasinglypowerfulcomputationaltechnologiessothathappyanimalslaveswillbe

basicallyuselessanyway.Arichspeculativeliteraturemakesitclearthattherearea

plentyofwaysinwhichuplifttechnologiescouldbemisusedorgoawry,butthereisno

brightmorallineforbiddingtheupliftofanimalstohuman-levelintelligence.

Successfullyupliftedanimalswouldhavetobetreatedwiththesamemoralrespectthat

weowetohumanpersons.

16^Theauthorbelievesthatitisimmoralto.

A、createcellhybrid,orcybrids

B、striphumancellsoftheirnuclei

C、creatediminishedhumanbeings

D、combineanimalandhumangenes

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段最后一旬"Therealrisksofcreating...diminishedhuman

beingsmeanthatitwouldbeimmoraltogrowhuman-animalc