考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷20

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷20

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

ThebusinesspracticesofAmericawillhaveyouintheofficefromnineinthemorningto

fiveintheevening,ifnotlonger.Muchoftheworld,though,preferstotakeanap.And

researchpresentedtotheAAAS（AmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences）meetingin

SanDiegosuggestsitmayberighttodoso.MatthewWalkerandhiscolleaguesatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,havefoundthattheyprobablyhavebettermemory,

too.Apost-mealsnooze,DrWalkerhasdiscovered,setsthebrainupforlearning.The

roleofsleepinconsolidatingmemoriesthathavealreadybeencreatedhasbeen

understoodforsometime.DrWalkerhasbeentryingtoextendthisunderstandingby

lookingatsleep'sroleinpreparingthebrainfortheformationofmemoriesinthefirst

place.Hewasparticularlyinterestedinatypeofmemorycalledepisodicmemory,which

relatestospecificevents,placesandtimes.Thiscontrastswithproceduralmemory,ofthe

skillsrequiredtoperformsomesortofmechanicaltask,suchasdriving.Thetheoryhe

andhisteamwantedtotestwasthattheabilitytoformnewepisodicmemories

deteriorateswithincreasingwakefulness,andthatsleepthusrestoresthebrain'scapacity

forefficientlearning.Theyaskedagroupof39peopletotakepartintwolearning

sessions,oneatnoonandoneat6pm.Oneachoccasiontheparticipantstriedto

memorizeandrecall100combinationsofpicturesandnames.Afterthefirstsessionthey

wereassignedrandomlytoeitheracontrolgroup,whichremainedawake,oranapgroup,

whichhad100minutesofmonitoredsleep.Thosewhoremainedawakethroughoutthe

daybecameworseatlearning.Thosewhonapped,bycontrast,actuallyimprovedtheir

capacitytolearn,doingbetterintheeveningthantheyhadatnoon.Thesefindings

suggestthatsleepisclearingthebrain'sshort-termmemoryandmakingwayfornew

information.Thebenefitstomemoryofanap,saysDrWalker,aresogreatthattheycan

equalanentirenighfssleep.Hewarns,however,thatnappingmustnotbedonetoolate

inthedayoritwillinterferewithnight-timesleep.Moreover,noteveryoneawakens

refreshedfromanap.Thedazednessthatresultsfromanunrefreshingnapistermed

"sleepinertia1*.SaraMednick,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,suggeststhat

non-habitualnapperssufferfromthismoreoftenthanthosewhosnoozeregularly.Itmay

bethatthosewhohaveatendencytowakeupdazedarechoosingnottonapinthefirst

place.Perhaps,though,asinsomanythings,itispracticethatmakesperfect.

1、Dr.Walkerhasbeentryingtofindout.

A^theroleofsleepinenhancingmemorythathasbeencreated

B>therelationshipbetweenepisodicmemoriesandsleep

C、theroleofbraininformingnewepisodicmemories

D^differencesbetweenepisodicandproceduralmemories

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据Dr.Walkerhasbeentrying可定位到第二段。该段⑤句说，沃

克博士和他的研究小组想检验这一理论，即形成新的片段记忆的能力随着不眠的增

加而下降，因此睡眠可以修复大脑高效学习的能力。由此可知，Dr.Walker想要

知道的是片段记忆和睡眠的关系，所以B项正确。

2、AccordingtoParagraph3,participants.

A、weredividedintotwogroupsatthefirstsession

B、whoremainedawakewerebadatmemorizingpicturesandnames

C、inanaporcontrolgroupweredeliberatelychosen

D、whonappedperformedbetterinthesecondsessionthanthefirst

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干可直接定位到第三段。该段⑤句说，午睡过的人学习能力实

际上提高了，晚上的表现比中午好。可见分组后午睡小组的人在第二场研讨会（下

午6点）中比在第一场研讨会（中午）表现得更好，所以D项正确。

3、Whatistrueabouttherelationshipbetweensleepandmemory?

A、Peoplewhooftentakeanaphaveabettermemory.

B、Sleepconsolidatesmemorythathasbeenunderstood.

C、Sleepimprovestheformationofproceduralmemory.

D、Sleepcanstrengthenpeople'sshort-termmemory.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干中的sleep和memory可定位到第二段和第三段。第三段⑤

句说，有午睡的人学习能力实际上提高了，晚上的表现比中午好。说明经常小唾的

人学习能力得到提高，因此记忆力也更好，所以可推断A项正确。

4、Dr.Walkerwouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A、anapcanreplaceanentirenight'ssleep

B、non-habitualnapperswillsufferfrom"sleepinertia"

C、peopleshouldnotnaptoolateintheday

D、peoplewhowakeupdazedshouldnotchoosetonap

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题实际上问的是沃克博士的观点，根据题干可定位到第四段(因为

第四段①句说...saysDrWalker,…”沃克博士称……”，可见该段就有沃克博士的

观点)。该段②句说，沃克博士警告白天小睡的时间不能太晚(mustnotbedonetoo

lateintheday),否则就会干扰晚上的睡眠。C项与原文吻合。

5、Bysaying"itispracticethatmakesperfect''(Line7,Para.4),theauthormeansthat

A、peopleneedtolearnhowtotakearest

B、peoplecanavoidsleepinertiabypractice

C^peoplecanperformbetteriftheypracticealot

D、peopleneedspracticetobecomearegularnapper

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干可定位到第四段⑦句。这句话是沃克博士对小睡后有眩晕

症状的人的建议。根据⑥句，他认为这些人之所以出现这种症状，可能是因为一

开始就没有选择午睡，从这句话可推断他认为眩晕的原因可能是缺乏练习，换言

之，可以通过练习来避免睡后迟钝，所以B项正确。

Thedigitalattackfrome-booksandAmazon-styleonlineretailershaveputbookstoresin

anexistentialdilemma.Digitalbooksarcsaidtosellbetterthanprinttitlesby2020in

Britain,andevensoonerinAmerica.WiththeclosedownofHMV,thatmusic-retailing

giant,stillfreshineveryone'sminds,realbookstoresappeartobeonborrowedtime.So,

whatisthefutureofthebookstore?Thiswastheburningquestionsoneveryone'slipsata

recenteventatFoyles'sflagshipbookshoponCharingCrossRoadinLondon.Fora

bookstoretoremainsuccessful,itmustimprove"theexperienceofbuyingbooks,"says

AlexLifschutz,anarchitectwhoseLondon-basedpracticeisdesigningthenewFoyles.

Hesuggestsanarrayofapproaches:"small,quietspacesisolatedbybooks;largerspaces

whereonecandwellandread;otherlargerbutstillintimatespaceswhereonecanhear

talksfromauthorsaboutbooks,literature,science,travelandcooking."Theatmosphere

isvital,headds.Exteriorsmustbuzzwithactivity,entrancesmustbefullofeye-catching

presentationsandabarandcafeisessential.Thereareplentyofwaystodelightthe

bookstorecustomer,butfewareeasilyconvertedintomoney.Theconsensusisthat

bookstoresneedtobecomeculturaldestinationswherepeoplearepreparedtopaygcod

moneytohearaconcert,seeafilmorattendatalk.Theprogrammingwillhavetobe

intelligentandthespacecomfortable.Givenhowcommonitisforshopperstobrowsein

shopsonlytobuyonlinelater,somewonderwhetheritmakessensetochargepeoplefor

theprivilege.Butforcingpeopletopayfortheprivilegeofpotentiallypayingforgoods

coulddiscourageshoppersaltogether.Amoreattractiveideamightbeamembership

schemelikethoseofferedbymuseums.Unlikerewardcards,whichofferdiscountsand

othernominalbenefits,aclubmembershipcouldprovidepriorityaccesstoevents(talks,

literaryworkshops,retreats)andaprivateloungewherememberscancat,drinkandmeet

authorsbeforeevents.Differentmembershipscouldtailortotheneedsofchildrenand

students.Tosurviveandthrive,bookstoresshouldcelebratethebookinallitsforms:

rare,second-hand,digital,self-printedandsoon.Readersshouldhavetheoptionof

buyinge-booksin-store,andbuddingauthorsshouldhaveaccesstoself-printingbook

machines.ThelatterhavebeenslowertotakeoffinBritain,butinAmericabookstores

arefindingthemtobeanimportantsourceofrevenue.Thebookstoreofthefuturewill

havetoworkhard.Servicewillbeknowledgeableandpersonalised,theinventory

expertlyselected,spaceswcll-dcsigncdandtheculturaleventsattractive.Whetherbook

stores,especiallysmallindependentsareuptothechallenge,isnotclear.Thefateof

thesestoresisacliff-hanger.

6、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that.

A、bookstoresaregoingoutoffashionbecauseofe-booksandonlineretailers

B、digitalbooksarelikelytosellbetterthanpaperonesbefore2020inUSA

C>bookstoresarefacinganexistentialcrisisbecauseofinsufficienttime

D、thefutureofFoyleshasbecometheprimaryconcernofeveryone

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到第一段。文章首段表明了传统书店现在遭遇的

艰难处境。其中②句说到2020年，在英国，电子刁的销量据说会超过纸质书籍，

而这一天在美国可能来得更早。因此，B项正确。

7、AccordingtoAlexLifschutz,themostimportantthingabookstoreshouldpresentis

A、cozyatmosphere

B、delightfulcustomer-experience

C^stylishbarandcafe

D、multi-functionalarrangementofspace

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：本题解题的关键在于“最根据题干中的人名AlexLifschutz可定位

到第二段①句。该句提出要想保持成功，书店必须提高顾客的购书体验。②句He

suggestsanarrayofapproaches后面则是如何提高客户体验的具体建议。第二段是总

分的结构，核心思想就是①句的improvetheexperienceofbuyingbooks,因而选择

B项“愉快的客户体验”。

X、ItcanheinferredfromParagraph3that.

A、itiseasytopleasecustomers

B、shoppersgotobookstoresonlytobrowse

C^extraprivilegeswillbechargedforinthefuture

D^bookstoresneedtooffermoreculturalservices

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干定位到第三段。该段讨论能够盈利的消费者取悦法。②句

说人们一致认为书店需要转型成文化终点站(culturaldestinations),以吸引那些愿意

花大价钱听音乐会、看电影和参加讲座的人。③句则表明在这里举办的活动必须

是知识型的。结合以上内容可知，书店需要提供更多的文化服务，D项与之相符。

9、Amoreattractiveideaforbookstorestoachieveprofitsmightbe.

A、amembershipstrategy

temptingrewardcards

C、optionofbuyinge-booksin-storc

D、self-printingbookmachines

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干中的关键词Amoreattractiveidea可直接定位到第四段②

句。根据该句中的membershipscheme可直接选择A项“会员策略该段主要论证

了相对于优惠卡来说会员制度的众多优点。

10^Themostappropriatetitleofthistextwouldbe.

A、Thefutureofthebookstore:ACulturalDestination

B、Thefutureofthebookstore:ACozyAtmosphere

C、Thefutureofthebookstore:ARealCliffhanger

D^Thefutureofthebookstore:AnUrgentQuest

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：这是一道主旨题，选择文章的标题。对于主旨的判断，既要把握全文

内容，又要抓住文章一头一尾两个重点。C项”书店的未来：真正的悬念”比较符合

本文的内容，文章开头就表示书店已经陷入存亡与否的困境(existentialdilemma)；

文章结尾则再次重申书店面对诸多挑战，实体书店的未来是一个很大的悬念(The

fate...isacliff-hanger),比较来看C项最适合作本文的标题。

Forthepastseveralyears,Ihavebeenimmersedinthestudyoffriendship,andamong

themanythingsIhavelearned,oneideastandsout:Ifyoutrulywanttochangesome

aspectofyourlife,developingfriendshipswithpeoplewhoaspiretothesamegoalsas

youdocanleadtomoresuccessfulendeavorsthanembarkingonsolitaryefforts.Shortly

afterwemakeadecisiontochangeourbehavior,weoftensenseasofteningofwhatat

firstfeltlikeironcladconviction.Wechastiseourselvesforourinabilitytosummon

motivationandreturntothepoorhabitswe'retryingtobreaktocomfortus,actively

underminingourgoals.Whatadishearteningcycle.Butresearchshowsthathaving

friendswiththesamegoalcaninterruptthatcycle.ResearchersJamesFowlerand

NicholasChristakishavedemonstratedthatweightloss(andgain)spreadsthroughfriend

groups,mostlikelyviaaprocessofalterednorms.It'snotthatyou'llnecessarilyadopt

yourfriend'snewhabitsrightaway,buttheseedwillbeplanted.Ifyouwanttocontinue

toleelclosetoher,youmightevenstartadjustingyourownroutines(perhaps

unconsciously)toalignthemmorewithhers.Friendscanhelpyoureinforceindividual

willpower.InThePowerofHabit,CharlesDuhiggrecommendsreplacingthecuesthat

trigger,andtherewardsthatfollow,badbehaviorswithnew,healthierones.Thecueand

rewardofarealpersonknockingonyourdoorforajointjog,andastimulatingtalkover

coffeeafterwards,isaparticularlyalluringreplacementforwhateverpreviouslysucked

youintosedentaryTVwatching.InarecentNewYorkTimescolumn,"HowPeople

Change/'DavidBrooksnotedthat,"Therersaresearchsuggestingthatit'sbesttotackle

negativebehaviorsindirectly,byredirectingattentiontowarddifferent,positiveones."

Investinginfulfillingfriendshipswiththosewhohavethevaluesandhabitsyouadmire

willliftyouuptothosefriends'levelmoreeasily.Thedesiretobewith,belike,andbe

likedbyfriendsisprimal.We'reallbuilttoseekoutstrongbondswithfriendsonwhom

ourverysurvivalmighthaveoncebeendependent.Whilewedon'tnecessarilyneed

friendstohelphuntorfightoffpredatorsthesedays,mostofusprobablystillfeellikewc

can'tlivewithoutthem.Tapintothatdeep-downsocialmotivationandyou'llnotonlybe

primedlorsuccess,you'lltakepleasureintheproverbialjourney.

11、AccordingtoParagraph2,adeterminationtochangeabehaviorisoftenclosely

followedby.

A、asolidbelief

aconvincingsense

C、aweakenedwillpower

D、adisappearingmotivation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到第二段，答案出现在该段①句。①句提到在

人们下定决心之后，原先那斩”截铁的意志常常很快会松懈。题干中的

determination一词对应该句中逗号前的makeadecision,C项的aweakened

willpower与原句中的asofleningof...意思一致，因此本题选C项。

12^Researchershaveindicatedthatchangeofweightspreadsamongfriendsprobably

through.

A、adoptingthehabitsoffriends

B、alteringthebehavioralnorms

C^plantingtheseedswithfriends

D、changingoriginalroutines

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中的关键词changeofweighl可定位到文章第三段。该段①

句表明两位研究者已经证明体重的减轻(或增加)会在朋友圈中扩散，这其中最大的

可能性在于行为规范的改变(alterednorms)。根据这一句，选择B项，即改变行为

规范。

13、TheexampleofjointjogismentionedinParagraph4todemonstratethat.

A、friendshelppersonaldeterminationbecomestronger

B、contactwithrealpersoncanbeextremelyrewarding

C、long-timeTVwatchingislessalluringthansports

D、anencouragingtalkovercoffeeenhancesindividualwill

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段①句指出“朋友能帮助增强个人

意志，随后用与人相约慢跑、喝咖啡聊天的例子来论证朋友能帮助增强个人意志这

一观点，A项与此相符c

14、DavidBrookswouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A^makingfriendsisawiseinvestment

B、peoplearcmorelikelytomakefriendswiththoseoftheirownlevel

C、shiftingattentiontopositivebehaviorsisagoodwaytochangenegativeones

D^fulfillingfriendshipsreflectsimilarvaluesandhabits

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中的人名DavidBrooks可定位到第五段①句。该句双引号

中提到对于负面的行为最好采取间接的方式解决，将注意力redirec俨引导”到不同

的、积极的行为中。C项中的shift一词与文中的redirect一词对应，其他内容都符

合原文，故C项为正确选项。

15、Themostappropriatetitleofthistextwouldbe.

ANHOWFriendshipMakesYouMoreSuccessful

B、HowFriendshipEndsYourBadBehaviors

C^HowFriendshipliftsYoutoAHigherLevel

D、HowFriendshipBringsYouStrongerWillpower

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道主旨题，考查对全文中心和主题的概括能力。当然，文章处

处都在为主题服务；即便如此，一头一尾依然是最能点出和升华主题的部分。文章

开门见山，第一段的末尾就点出“建立友谊比孤军奋战更能带来成功”，缩略而言便

是友谊带来成功。而在文章最后一段最后一句更是再次升华和重申主旨，点出友谊

不仅带来成功，更能带来快乐。然而，综合考虑文章主体部分，“快乐”的含义并未

触及，主要还是在于改变恶习、提升自我层次，重点依然在于“成功因而最恰当

的标题应为A项。

There'snoquestionthatfutureleaderswillneedconstantcoaching.Asthebusiness

environmentbecomesmorecomplex,theywillincreasinglyturntocoachesforhelpin

understandinghowtoact.ThekindofcoachesIamtalkingaboutwilldomorethan

influencebehaviors;theywillbeanessentialpartoftheleader'slearningprocess,

providingknowledge,opinions,andjudgmentincriticalareas.Thesecoacheswillbe

retiredCEOsorotherexpertsfromuniversities,thinktanks,andgovernment.Clearly,

thisisnotadescriptionofwhatmostcoachesdotoday.Whatwethinkofascoachingis

generallyaservicetomiddlemanagersprovidedbyentrepreneurswithabackgroundin

consulting,psychology,orhumanresources.Thiskindofcoachingbecamepopularover

thepastfiveyearsbecausecompanieslacedashortageoftalentandwereconcerned

aboutturnoveramongkeyemployees.Firmswantedtosignaltheircommitmentto

developingtheirhigh-potentialexecutives,sotheyhiredcoaches.Meanwhile,

businesspeopleneededtodevelopnotjustquantitativecapabilitiesbutalsopeople-

orientedskills,andmanycoachesarehelpfulforthatAscoachinghasbecomemore

common,anydisgraceattachedtoreceivingitattheindividuallevelhasdisappeared.

Now,itisoftenconsideredabadgeofhonor.Thecoachingindustrywillremain

fragmenteduntilafewpartnershipsbuildabrand,collectexcellentpeople,weedout

thosewhoarenotsogood,andcreateareputationforoutstandingwork.Somecoaching

groupsareevolvinginthisdirection,butmostarestillsmallfirmsspecializingin,for

example,administeringandinterpreting360-degreeevaluations.Togetbeyondthisevel,

theindustrybadlyneedsaleaderwhocandefinetheprofessionandcreateaseriousfirm

inthewaythatMarvinBowerdidwhenheinventedthemodemprofessional

managementconsultancyintheformofMcKinsey&Company.Abigproblemthat

tomorrow'sprofessionalcoachingfirmmustresolveisthedifficultyofmeasuring

performance,asthecoachesthemselvespointoutinthesurvey.I'mawareofnoresearch

thathasfollowedcoachedexecutivesoverlongperiods;mostoftheevidencearound

effectivenessremainsunproved.Mysenseisthatthepositivestoriesoutnumberthe

negativeones-butastheindustrymatures,coachingfirmswillneedtobeableto

demonstratehowtheybringaboutchange,aswellasofferaclearmethodologyfor

measuringresults.Despitetherecession,Iagreewithmostsurveyrespondentsthatthe

demandforcoachingwillnotcontractinthelongterm.Thebigdevelopingeconomies

aregoingtohaveatremendousappetiteforitbecausemanagementthereisvery

youthful.Universitygraduatesarecomingintojobsat23yearsoldandfindingthattheir

bossesareallof25,withtheexperiencetomatch.

16>Accordingtothefirst