初中英语：动词不定式用法归纳

初中英语：动词不定式用法归纳一、不定式的时态不定式有三种时态，用来表示动作发生的时间与谓语动词的关系：1.一般式（SimpleInfinitive）：结构：to+动词原形（如todo,towrite）用法：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在之后发生。例句：ShewantstogotoParis.（“想去”和“去”几乎同时）Hehopestopasstheexam.（“通过”发生在“希望”之后）2.进行式（ContinuousInfinitive）：结构：tobe+现在分词（如tobedoing）用法：强调动作在谓语动词发生时正在进行。例句：Sheseemstobecrying.（“哭”正在进行）Hepretendedtobesleeping.（“假装”时正在“睡觉”）3.完成式（PerfectInfinitive）：结构：tohave+过去分词（如tohavedone）用法：表示动作在谓语动词之前已经完成。例句：I’mgladtohavemetyou.（“遇见”发生在“高兴”之前）Heseemstohaveleft.（“离开”发生在“似乎”之前）二、不定式的语态不定式有主动语态和被动语态，取决于主语与动作的关系：1.主动语态（ActiveInfinitive）：结构：to+动词原形（如towrite）用法：主语是动作的执行者。例句：Hewantstowriteabook.（“他”是“写”的执行者）2.被动语态（PassiveInfinitive）：结构：tobe+过去分词（如tobewritten）用法：主语是动作的承受者。例句：Thebookneedstobewrittencarefully.（“书”是被“写”的对象）三、不同时态+语态的组合时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone例句：一般被动：Theletteristobesenttomorrow.（信将被寄出）完成被动：Thereportseemstohavebeenfinished.（报告似乎已被完成）Doingfinishdoingsth.做完某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事begoodatdoingsth.擅长做某事dowellindoingsth.擅长做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事howaboutdoingsth.做某事怎么样whataboutdoingsth.practicedoingsth.练习做某事findsb.doingsth.发现某人在做某事spend(in)doingsth.做某事花费多少钱（时间）havefun(in)doingsth.做某事很高兴beinterestedindoingsth做某事感兴趣enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事thanksfordoingsth.感谢某人做某事(can`t)standdoingsth.（不能）忍受做某事havedifficulty/troubledoingsth做某事有困难/麻烦beagainstdoing反对做某事considerdoing=thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事preferdoingtodoing比起做某事更喜欢做某事keepsb.doingsth使某人一直做某事（keepsthadj）feellikedoing想做某事be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事haveahard/difficulttimedoingsth.做某事吃力makealiving(by)doingsth.依靠做……谋生lookforwardtodoingsth.期盼做某事Stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事endupdoingsth以做而结束(endupwithsth)Can`thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事haveexperiencedoing做某事有经验appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事Dowouldyoupleasedosth.你做…好吗letsb.dosth.让某人做某事makesb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb.dosth.让某人做某事hadbetterdosth.最好做某事hadbetternotdosth.最好别做某事whynotdosth.=whydon`tyoudosth.为什么不做某事wouldratherdo…thando…宁愿做……不愿做……Todowant(sb.)todosth.想让（某人）做某事wouldliketodosth.想让做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.尽某人做大努力做某事Expectsb.Todosth,期望某人做某事can`twaittodosth.迫不及待的做某事plantodosth.计划做某事asksb.todosth.让某人做某事asksb.nottodosth.tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事tellsb.nottodosth.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事besuretodosth.确信做某事It’stime(forsb.)todosth.到了（某人）做某事的时间了besupposedtodosth.应该做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事makeone`smindtodosth.feartodosth.害怕做某事begoingtodosth.打算做某事It’sadj.(forsb.)todosth.做某事对（某人）怎么样It’sadj.(ofsb.)todosth.某人做某事怎么样besurprisedtodosth.做某事感到惊讶usedtodosth.过去常常做某事beabletodosth.会做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事pretendtodosth.假装做某事haveanopportunitytodosth.有做某事的机会leadtodosth.引导做某事makeadecisiontodosth.决定做某事inordertodosth.为了做某事gooutofone`swaytodosth.特地（不怕麻烦地）做某事bewillingtodosth.心甘情愿做某事It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事warnsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.too…todo太…..而不能….Ittakessbsometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事learntodo学做某事begin/starttodosth.开始做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事(old)enoughtodosth.足够...做某事Doing/Do/Todo都有helpsb.do/todosth.帮助某人做某事lovetodo/doingsth.喜欢做某事liketodo/doingsth.喜欢做某事hatetodo/doingsth.讨厌做某事seesb.do/doingsth.看见某人做了某事/在做某事notice/watchsb.do/doingsth.看见某人做了某事/在做某事hearsb.do/doingsth.听见某人做了某事/在做某事start/begintodo/doing