2024届 高考英语第一轮复习时事热点抢分秘籍-重要成就(附答案)

/2024届高考英语第一轮专项复习时事热点试题抢分秘籍之重要成就一．阅读理解（共14小题）1．AnatmosphericresearcherLubnaDada，whoispartofaninternationalprojectcalledCLOUD，andherteamconductedanewstudy.Thestudylooksattheroleoftreesandthenaturalcompounds（混合物）theyreleaseintotheatmosphereincloudformation.ThegoalistomorepreciselyunderstandtheclimatebeforetheIndustrialRevolution—andhowit'schangedsince.Cloudsarenotonlyimportantfortheweather—theyalsohelpshapetheclimate.SomecloudsactasalayerofprotectionbetweenincomingsolarradiationandEarth，coolingtheatmosphere.Othercloudsdotheopposite：theyactlikeablanketandtrapheat."Butmanycurrentclimatemodelsdon'taccountforeitherthewarmingorcoolingeffectsofclouds，ortheroleaerosolsplayincloudformation.Thatisthebiggestuncertaintyinclimatescienceatpresent."Dadasays.Dadaandtheteamaretryingtofigureitoutusingasteel，cylindricalroomthatroughlyrecreatestheatmosphere.Todothat，theteamcoverstheroomwithtape.Ithaslightsthatseemlikedifferentlayersoftheatmosphere，andtheresearcherscanchangethehumidityandtemperaturelevelstocreateagivengeographiclocation.Then，Dadaandherteamcanaddspecificvaporsintotheroomtostudytheireffects.Dadasaysthatpreviousresearchhaslookedattheeffectsoftwokindsoforganicemissionsreleasedbyplants：monoterpenesandisoprene.Butanotherkindofcompound，sesquiterpenes（倍半萜烯），haslargelybeenignored.InarecentstudyfromtheCLOUDproject，scientiststestedtheeffectsofsesquiterpenesoncloudformation.Theyaddedallthreecompounds—monoterpenes，isopreneandsesquiterpenes—intotheCLOUDroomtoseehowmanynewparticles（微粒）formed.Theyfoundthatsesquiterpenesformedtentimesmoreparticlesthantheothertwosubstancesatthesameconcentrations.Dadasaysthisfindingwillhelpscientistsunderstandtherolenaturalemissionsplayedinthepreindustrialclimateandhowmuchhumanshavechangedthat.（1）Whydidtheresearchersconductthestudy？A.Torecreatethepreindustrialclimate.B.Toexplorethewarmingeffectsofclouds.C.TounderstandcloudformationandclimatechangesbetterD.Toaccesstheimpactoftreesonweatherpatternsmoreprecisely.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"That"inparagraph3referto？A.Climatemodel.B.Cloudformation.C.Thecoolingeffectofclouds.D.Thewarmingeffectofclouds.（3）Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecompound—sesquiterpene？A.Itplaysasignificantroleincloudformation.B.Itismoreimportantthantheothertwocompounds.C.Ithasbeenlargelyignoredinthepreviousresearch.D.Itformslessparticlesthantheothertwocompounds.（4）Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanreadersfindthistext？A.Entertainment.B.Finance.C.Culture.D.Environment.2．Wouldyouratherwatchanewmovie，oranoldfavorite？Wouldyourathertryadishyou'veneverhadatarestaurant，orstickwithsomethingyouknowyou'lllike？Researchersstudyingthe"mereexposureeffect"havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliaroverthenovel.Peopledidn'tneedtoexperiencearewardorpositiveoutcomewhilearoundtheobject—simplybeingexposedtotheobjectwouldbeenoughtomakepeoplelikeit.Totestthis，socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword（upto25repetitions）.Next，afterreadingthewords，participantswereaskedtoguessatthemeaningofeachwordbyfillingoutaratingscale（indicatinghowpositiveornegativetheythoughtthemeaningofthewordwas）.Hefoundthatparticipantslikedwordsthattheyhadsaidmoreoften，whilewordsthatparticipantshadn'treadatallwereratedmorenegatively，andwordsthathadbeenread25timeswereratedhighest.Justthemereexposuretothewordwasenoughtomakeparticipantslikeitmore.Oneplacewherethemereexposureeffectoccursisinadvertising.Itexplainswhyseeingthesameadvertisementmultipletimescouldbemoreconvincingthanjustseeingitonce.Ofcourse，there'sacautionhere：themereexposureeffectdoesn'thappenforthingsweinitiallydislike.Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings（includingpictures，sounds，foods，andsmells）canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure，suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn'tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.Additionally，researchershavefoundthatthemereexposureeffectoccursinstudieswithhumanresearchparticipantsaswellasinstudieswithnon﹣humananimals.Anotherkeyfindingfromthisanalysiswasthatparticipantseventuallystartedtolikeobjectslessaftermanyrepeatedexposures.Inotherwords，asmallernumberofrepeatedexposureswillmakeyoulikesomethingmore——but，iftherepeatedexposurescontinue，youcouldeventuallygettiredofit.（1）WhatisthekeyfactorinRobertZajonc'stest？A.Frequency.B.Preference.C.Originality.D.Achievement.（2）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofmereexposureeffect？A.Wefavoranadvertisementatthefirstsight.B.Astudentjoinedintheclubbecauseoflove.C.Wearemoreconvincedofwhatwemetbefore.D.AstudentreadasmanyEnglishwordsaspossible.（3）Whatcanwelearnabout"mereexposureeffect"accordingtoparagraph4？A.Itistheresultofadvertising.B.Ithasnothingtodowithanimals.C.Itistrueofwhatwedislikeatfirst.D.Itcanbeappliedtomultiplesenses.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Morelovebecauseofmoreexposures.B.Thestudyonmereexposureeffect.C.Betterresultsfromtheearlierexposures.D.Theapplicationofmereexposureeffect.3．ArecentstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）hasdiscoveredthatrivererosion（侵蚀）canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic（地壳构造的）activity.TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasinandexaminedhowtheerosionofvariousrocktypesbytheriverhadledtotheseparationanddiversificationofatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.Astimepassed，theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.ScientistThomasNearobservedthatthegreenfindarterwasexclusivelyfoundinthesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasin.TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear'sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.Thistreehelpedthemcomprehendtheevolutionanddifferencesofthegreenfindarterspecies.Theydiscoveredthatthefishwithinthesamebranchoftheriverweremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthantothefishinotherbranches.Thisstudyprovidesevidencethatrivererosionsignificantlyimpactsbiodiversityinregionswithlowtectonicactivity.Itillustrateshowchangesinthelandscapecausedbyrivererosioncanleadtothedivisionanddiversificationofspeciesovertime，eveninpeacefulenvironments.Thesefindingsenhanceourunderstandingofthemechanisms（机制）thatdrivebiodiversityandevolution，eveninareasthatarenottypicallyassociatedwithintensetectonicactivity.Subsequently，theteamdiscoveredastrongcorrelationbetweenthehabitatsofthegreenfindarterandthetypeofrockspresent.ThesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasinconsistsofhard，tightlypackedrocks，resultinginturbulent（湍急的）wavesintheriversthatflowthroughit.Thischaracteristicmaybefavoredbythegreenfindarter.Asaresult，theteamassumedwhetherthedistributionofgreenfindarterhabitatshadbeeninfluencedbythechangingrocktypes，astheriverserodedthelandovertime.Totestthisassumption，theresearchersdevelopedasimulationmodel.Remarkably，theresultsconfirmedtheirassumption.（1）WhatisnewabouttheMITstudy？A.Itfindsrivererosioncanenhancebiodiversity.B.Itfurtherprovesthemechanismsofrivererosion.C.Itprovesthegeographicalfeaturesofbiodiversity.D.Itclassifiesatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutthegreenfindarter？A.Theirappearancesvarybetweenfamilies.B.Theirgeneticconstitutionshavediversified.C.Theypreferthedeepandslow﹣flowingriver.D.Theygoextinctinthechanginglandscapeofrivers.（3）HowdidNearhelptheresearchersreachtheirconclusion？A.Bycreatinganevolutionarytreeofthefish.B.Byofferingthefish'sgeneticdata.C.Byreasoningoutthetimethefishevolveandseparate.D.Byanalyzingthegeneticsimilaritybetweendifferentfish.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.RiverErosionCanShapeFishEvolutionB.GeneticChangeintheGreenfinDarterC.EvolutionaryTreeAnalysisoftheGreenfinDarterD.TheImpactofClimateChangeonFishDiversity4．Abatandaballcost﹩1.10intotal.Thebatcosts﹩1.00morethantheball.Howmuchdoestheballcost？Ifyouanswered10cents，you'renotalone—mostpeoplegivethesameanswer（thecorrectansweris5cents）.It'sanexampleofhowweoftenrelyonintuitive（直觉的）responses—answerswefeelaretrue.Peoplegiveanswersthat"popintotheirmind"，saysStevenSloman.Wedon'tspendmuchtime"reflectingandcheckingwhethertheanswerisrightorwrong."Thebatandballquestionhelpsexplainwhyweoftenbelieveinfake（假的）news.Itispartofhumannaturetobelieve，saysSloman.But"thetrickwithfakenewsistoknowtoverify"—inotherwords，tostopandquestionwhatyouknow.Inoneexperiment，Slomanandacolleagueinventedadiscoverycalledheliumrain.Theytoldagroupofvolunteersaboutit，butadmittedtheycouldnotfullyexplainwhatitwas.Theythenaskedthevolunteerstoratetheirownunderstandingofheliumrain.Mostvolunteersratedthemselves1outof7，meaningtheydidnotunderstandtheconcept.Theresearchersthentoldanothergroupofvolunteersaboutthediscovery.Thistime，theysaidthatscientistscouldfullyexplainhowitworks.Whenaskedtoratetheirunderstanding，thevolunteersgaveanaverageanswerof2.Thescientists'confidencegavethevolunteersanincreasedsenseoftheirownunderstanding，Slomansays.AccordingtoSloman，studiesshowthatknowledgespreadslikeacontagion（传染病）.Thisideacanbeseeninmanyfields，includingpolitics."Ifeveryonearoundyouissayingtheyunderstandwhyapoliticianisdishonest，"Slomansays，"thenyou'regoingtostartthinkingthatyouunderstand，too."Anotherexplanationforthespreadoffakenewsis"motivatedreasoning，"writesAdamWyatz，anAmericanmanagementprofessor."Wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions."So，inaworldwheremisleadinginformationiscommon，trainingpeopletocareaboutfactcheckingisimportant，especiallyinonlinecommunities."Weshouldcheckthingsandnotjusttakethematfacevalue，"Slomansays."Verifybeforeyoubelieve."（1）What'sthepurposeofusingtheexampleofthebatandballquestioninthefirstparagraph？A．Todemonstratethatpeopletendtorushtoaconclusion.B．Toshowthattherearevariousanswerstoaquestion.C．Tostimulatepeople'sinterestinplayingguessinggames.D．Towarnthatpeoplearepooratcalculatingskillsintheirdailylife.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"verify"meaninParagraph3？A．Tofollowyourintuitivesense.B．Toconfirmsomethingistrue.C．Toconsidersomethingseriously.D．Tospeakouttheunderstandingaboutsomething（3）Inwhichsituationdomorevolunteersclaimtounderstandheliumrain？A．Whensomeexpertsexplainedittothem.B．Whentheybelievedthatscientistsunderstoodit.C．Whentheyhavemoreconfidenceinthemselves.D．WhenSlomanandhiscolleaguesshowedthemhowitworks.（4）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"motivatedreasoning"？A．Youthinkauniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyaroundyousayso.B．Youpostamessageonlinethatgivesyourpersonalopinionaboutanewsstory.C．Yousearchonlineformoreinformationaboutadoubtfulstoryonsocialmedia.D．Youbelieveadamagingstoryaboutsomeonewhoyoualwaysjudgenegatively.5．Withabrainthesizeofapinhead，insectspossessagreatsenseofdirection.Theymanagetolocatethemselvesandmovethroughsmallopenings.Howdotheydothiswiththeirlimitedbrainpower？Understandingtheinnerworkingsofaninsect'sbraincanhelpusinoursearchtowardsenergy﹣efficientcomputing，physicistElisabettaChiccaoftheUniversityofGroningenshowswithhermostrecentresult：arobotthatactslikeaninsect.It'snoteasytomakeuseoftheimagesthatcomeinthroughyoureyeswhendecidingwhatyourfeetorwingsshoulddo.Akeyaspecthereistheapparentmotionofthingsasyoumove."Likewhenyou'reonatrain，"Chiccaexplains."Thetreesnearbyappeartomovefasterthanthehousesfaraway."Insectsusethisinformationtoinferhowfarawaythingsare.Thisworkswellwhenmovinginastraightline，butrealityisnotthatsimple.Tokeepthingsmanageablefortheirlimitedbrainpower，theyadjusttheirbehaviour：theyflyinastraightline，makeaturn，thenmakeanotherstraightline.Insearchoftheneuralmechanism（神经机制）thatdrivesinsectbehaviour，PhDstudentThorbenSchoepedevelopedamodelofitsneuronalactivityandasmallrobotthatusesthismodeltofindtheposition.Hismodelisbasedononemainprinciple：alwaysheadtowardstheareawiththeleastapparentmotion.Hehadhisrobotdrivethroughalongpassageconsistingoftwowallsandtherobotcentredinthemiddleofthepassage，asinsectstendtodo.Inothervirtualenvironments，suchasacewithsmallopenings，hismodelalsoshowedsimilarbehaviourtoinsects.Thefactthatarobotcanfinditspositioninarealisticenvironmentisnotnew.Rather，themodelgivesinsightintohowinsectsdothejob，andhowtheymanagetodothingssoefficiently.Inasimilarway，youcouldmakecomputersmoreefficient.Inthefuture，Chiccahopestoapplythisspecificinsectbehaviourtoachipaswell."Insteadofusingageneral﹣purposecomputerwithallitspossibilities，youcanbuildspecifichardware；atinychipthatdoesthejob，keepingthingsmuchsmallerandenergy﹣efficient."Shecomments.（1）Whyis"atrain"mentionedinParagraph2？A.Toillustratetheprincipleoftrainmotion.B.Tohighlightwhyhumanvisionislimited.C.Toexplainhowinsectsperceivedistances.D.Tocomparethemovementoftreesandhouses.（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkaboutconcerningSchoepe'smodel？A.Itsnoveldesign.B.Itstheoreticalbasis.C.Itspossibleapplication.D.Itsworkingmechanism.（3）Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthefinding？A.Amusing.B.Discouraging.C.Promising.D.Contradictory.（4）WhatwillChicca'sfollow﹣upstudyfocuson？A.Inventinginsect﹣likechips.B.Studyinggeneral﹣purposerobots.C.Creatinginsect﹣inspiredcomputers.D.Developingenergy﹣efficienthardware.6．Hundredsoreventhousandsofjackdaws（寒鸦）areknowntolaunchintothewinterskyatoncefromthetreetopsatsunrise，andthensplitintosmallergroupstofeedthroughouttheday.Now，ecologistsknowthatthissynchronized（同步的）departureistimedwithacomplicatedbehaviorcalled"consensusdecision﹣making"，wherethemajorityagreetotakeaction.Tofigureitout，researchersintheUnitedKingdomrecordedhundredsofhoursoftheirbirdcallsinCornwalloverseveralmonths.Theymeasuredwhenthefirstjackdawsbegantheircalls，howloudthebirdswere，andhowquicklytheswell（增强）ofcallsrose，andthencomparedthesesoundstofootage（镜头）ofthosebirds'departures.Theteamfoundthatthejackdawgrouplefttogetheroncethechorusofcallsreachedacriticalmass﹣﹣themorerapidlythechorusswelled，theearlierthebirdsleft."Theyallleavetogetherinafewseconds.Theskyjustfillswithblackbirdsforthwith.Itisjustlikeablacksnowstorm，"AlexThornton，anecologistattheUniversityofExeter，UK，toldNewScientist.Everycallisajackdawcastingitsvotetoleave."Atfirstyoujustgetafewcalls，thenmoreandmorebirdsjoininanditbuildsandbuilds.Andthesteepertheincrease，theearliertheyleave，"Thorntonadded.Onrareoccasions，whentheintensityofthechorusdoesn'tbuildenoughandthejackdawsdon'tagree，thebirdsinsteadlaunchoffinsmallnumbers.Theteamalsofoundthatoncejackdawsreachedaconsensustheydepartedalmostimmediately，withhundredsofindividualsflyinginlessthanfiveseconds.Whenscientistsplayedpastrecordingsofcallsbacktothejackdaws，gettinginthewayofthegroup'snaturalcrescendo（渐强的声音），theywereabletopushforwardthebirds'launchingbymorethansixminutes.Thebirdsdidnot，however，changetheirlaunchtimesinresponsetoothernoises."Thegregarious（群居的）birdsprefertoleaveasagroup，althougheachjackdawwillhaveaslightlydifferentpreferenceastowhentheywanttoleave，basedonfactorsliketheirsizeandhunger，"AlexDibnah，aUniversityofExetergraduatestudentandleadauthorofthestudy，saidinastatement."Leavingtheroost（栖息处）togetherhasvariousbenefits，includingsafetyfrompredatorsandaccesstoinformationsuchaswheretofindfood."Thisresearchshowsthecriticalrolevocalizations（发声）playingroupdecision﹣makingforthisspecies.Onenextstepforthisresearch，accordingtotheauthors，istofigureouthowhuman﹣creatednoisesmightaffectthisprocessandthespreadofinformationthroughoutthesecommunities."Imagineabigroostnearatownorbusyroad，"Thorntonsaid."Ifthebirdscan'theareachotherandcan'tformaconsensustoleavetogether，itcouldhavebigimpactsontheirpopulation."（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheresearchinCornwall？A.Tounderstandhowjackdawsreachanagreement.B.Tostudywhatmakesjackdaws'departuretimeunique.C.Tomakeacomparisonofjackdaws'callswithotherbirds'.D.Toassesstheimportanceofjackdaws'complicatedbehaviors.（2）Whatdoestheunderlined"forthwith"inParagraph3mean？A.Frequently.B.Gradually.C.Traditionally.D.Immediately.（3）WhatcanbeinferredaboutthejackdawgroupfromParagraph4？A.Itcanreachanagreementwithinseconds.B.Itslaunchtimesvarylittlefromseasontoseason.C.Itcandistinguishitsnaturalcallsfromothernoises.D.Itmakesnoresponsetothepastrecordingsofcalls.（4）Whatdotheresearchersplantostudynext？A.Theimpactsofhumanhuntingonjackdaws'population.B.Theeffectsofnoisesonjackdaws'groupdecision﹣making.C.Thewayjackdawsspreadinformationintheircommunities.D.Theroleofjackdaws'vocalizationsingroupdecision﹣making.7．PartsofEastAsiacouldsee"riversinthesky"formduetoclimatechange，bringingrecord﹣breakinglevelsofrainfallwiththem，anewstudyhasrevealed.Theteam，fromtheUniversityofTsukuba，Japan，havealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarminghittingpartsofthecountry，sotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldget."It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures，"theywrote.Oneparticularly﹣damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented（前所未有的）levels，whichcanresultinflooding.Tohelppredictrainfallevents，researcherslookedtooneofthecauses—theinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainranges."Asthenamesuggests，atmosphericriversarelong，narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere，"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier，suchasamountainrange，itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."PartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto（遭受）anincreasingnumberofdamaging，extremeweathereventsoverthepastdecade.Tounderstandtheimpact，theteamusedhigh﹣resolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodelsimulations（模拟）thatvirtuallyre﹣createtheconditionsintheatmosphere.Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels，comparingsimulationsbasedonreal，meteorologicaldata（气象数据）from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming，comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.Firstauthor，ProfessorYoichiKamae，saidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapourtransport，aswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevels.Insimulationsthegreatestamountsofatmosphericriver﹣relatedrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEastAsia，includinginJapan，theKoreanPeninsula，andnortheasternChina.TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations，butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.（1）What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarming？A.Itcontributestopollutedair.B.Itleadstohotandrainyclimate.C.Itonlyresultsintheriseoftemperature.D.Itcausesthedestructionofmorespecies.（2）TheauthorwroteParagraph4to.A.describethenewstudyB.introduceatmosphericriversC.analyzethecauseofrainfallD.warnpeopleofglobalwarming（3）Howistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffect？A.Bycomparison.B.Bydiscussion.C.Byexamples.D.Byexplanation.（4）What'stheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulations？A.Theyarerisky.B.Theyarevalueless.C.Theyareperfect.D.Theyareconvincing.8．"Theoppositeofplayisn'twork；it'sdepression，"saysplayresearcherStuartBrown."Theadult﹣playshortageisbecomingapublichealthcrisis."Playmayappearinsignificant，butrecentstudiesindicateitmaybeasessentialastheneedforsleep.Playfulnesshelpssomeyounganimalslearntomastertheirbodiesandtheir﹣environments—andoncetheydo，moststopplayingasadults."Adultplaypromotesqualitiesthatwehumanscouldusemoreof，"saysJeffHarry，aplayconsultant.Unfortunately，socialstandardsrestrain（抑制）oururgetoletloose."Beingaplayfuladultisreallydisapprovedinoursociety，"hesays."Youdon'twantpeopletothinkthatyou'rechildish.""Ithasn'talwaysbeenthisway，"saysPeterGray，aplayresearcheratBostonUniversity.WhenGrayrevieweddescriptionsofthelastremaininghunter﹣gatherertribes，henoticedthattheywereoftendescribedas"good﹣humored"and"joyful"."Whatwewouldcallwork—huntingandgathering—wasfun，"hesays."Generallyspeaking，weliketodothethingsthatarenecessaryforoursurvival.Humanstookonegiantstepawayfromfunwhenwestartedplantingcrops.Thenweinventedfactoriesandlostsightofplayentirely，"Grayadds.Wemaybeabletoreversethissituation，saysHarry.Aswefullymakethetransitiontoaknowledge﹣basedeconomy，workandplayarebeginningtomerge（合并）again.Someoftoday'smostsuccessfulcompanies，suchasGoogleandApple，werestartedbypeopletinkering（小修补）intheirgarages."Playisallaboutlookingatatoughworldwithcreativityandoptimism，"Brownsays.Hegoessofarastodeclarethat"adultplayisnecessaryforoursurvivalasaspecies".ThenexttimeI'mcaughtplaying，IknowexactlywhatI'llsay，"Iamnotwastingtime，oractingimmature.I'mplayingforthebenefitofallhumanity.You'rewelcome."（1）WhydoesStuartBrownconsideradultplayessential？A.Itpromotescreativity.B.Itbattlesdepression.C.Itfacilitatescooperation.D.Itimprovesadaptivity.（2）WhatsocietalfactorrestrainsadultplayaccordingtoJeffHarry？A.Fearofjudgmentfromothers.B.Lackofsufficienttimeforleisure.C.Culturalemphasisonpersonalvalues.D.Pressurefromwork﹣relatedresponsibilities.（3）WhichstatementwillPeterGrayagreewithaccordingtoParagraph3？A.Adultplaycontributespositivelytowork.B.Socialattitudestowardplayregularlyshift.C.Humansinitiallyfoundjoyinsurvivalactivities.D.Industrializationcloselyconnectedworkandplay.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A.Tostressthesignificanceofadultplay.B.Todiscusstheevolutionofworkandplay.C.Toadvocateplayfulnessinmodernbusinesses.D.Toexploretheimpactofadultplayondepression.9．Summertomatoesaresofilledwithpromise：theredcolor；thegrassytomato﹣leafsmell；theexpectationofamouthfulofsweet﹣saltytomatodishes.Butsupermarkettomatoaftersupermarkettomatodoeslittlemorethandisappointment.Howcanafruitwithsomuchpotentialconstantlytasteslightlyjuicyatbestandaglobeofcardboardatworst？Weknowthatmoderntomatoessoldatthesupermarketarepickedgreenandgrownforpestresistance，shipping，andshelflife—andthattheagricultureindustrycreatesproducedesignedforprofit，notflavor.Arethesethefactorstoblameforthetomato'spoortaste？Butevenwhenallowedtoripen（成熟）beforetheyareharvestedandshippedwithgreatcare，moderntomatoesarestilltasteless.Whenresearcherslookedintothistomatomatter，theyuncoveredafascinatinggeneticcauseforthefruit'sdullness.Whattoblameisagenemutation（基因突变）discoveredaccidentallyaround70yearsago，ontowhichtomatogrowersquicklyrelied.Infact，nowthemutationhasbeendeliberatelygrownintonearlyallmoderntomatoes.Why？Itmakesthemauniformandattractivelyredwhenripe.Unfortunatelyfortomatoloversfarandwide，thered﹣makingmutationstopstheactivenessofanimportantgeneresponsibleforproducingthesugarandsmellthatareessentialforagoodsmellingandflavorfultomato，asreportedinthepaper，whichwaspublishedinthejournalScience.Whentheresearchers"turnedon"thegenethathadstoppedworking，thefruithad20%moresugarand20﹣30%morecarotenoids（胡萝卜素）whenripe.Yetthefruit'snon﹣uniformgreenishcolorsuggestthatmainstreamgrowerswillnotbefollowingsuitanytimesoon.However，foranyonewithanearbyfarmer'smarket，asupermarketthatofferstraditionalproduce，oragardenintheback，thereisanotherchoiceinsteadofcardboard﹣flavoredtomatoes.Traditionaltomatoesandwildspecieshavenothadtheessenceoftomatoessuckedoutofthembyselectivegrowing—soshopforthoseorgrowthemyourself.TheymaynotlookliketheDisneyversionofaperfectfruit，buttheyactuallytasteliketomatoes.（1）Whyisaquestionraisedattheendofparagraph1？A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Todrawaconclusionfromcomparison.C.Toencouragereaderstotakeaction.D.Toexpressdisappointmentatsupermarkettomatoes.（2）Whyaremoderntomatoestasteless？A.Theyhaveripenedwhenpicked.B.Theyareaffectedbygenemutation.C.Theyarekeptontheshelffortoolong.D.Theyaretreatedwithchemicalsforshipping.（3）What'sadisadvantageofthetomatoestheresearchersgrewaccordingtoparagraph4？A.Taste.B.Color.C.Size.D.Production.（4）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstraditionaltomatoes？A.Critical.B.Unconcerned.C.Curious.D.Favorable.10．Youngmalezebrafinches（斑胸草雀）learntocomm