北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

2/2延庆区2022—2023学年第一学期期末试卷高二英语本试卷共9页，三大部分(共100分)，考试时间90分钟。第一部分知识运用第一节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A语法填空OneofmyfavouriteepisodeswasMrBeaninafancyrestaurant.Afterbeingseatedathistable,MrBeantakesoutacard,writesafewwordsonit,putsit___1___anenvelopeandplacesitonthetable.Afteramoment,he___2___(look)backattheenvelopebutthistimehelookssurprised,asifhedidnotknowitwasthere.Heopensittofindabirthdaycardandvery___3___(happy)putsitonthetableforeveryonetosee.【答案】1.in2.looks3.happily【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章是《憨豆先生在一家高级餐厅》的剧情介绍。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：坐在桌子旁后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，然后把它装进信封，放在桌子上。根据句意可知，此处表示把卡片装进信封，put...in...“把……放到……里”。故填in。【2题详解】考查动词时态。句意：过了一会儿，他回头看了看信封，但这次他看起来很惊讶，好像他不知道信封在那里。根据语境可知，介绍书籍、影视作品，常用一般现在时。故填looks。【3题详解】考查副词。句意：他打开它，找到一张生日卡片，非常高兴地把它放在桌子上，让大家看到。此处修饰动词puts，应用副词happily“高兴地”，作状语。故填happily。B语法填空Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivemassextinctioneventsonEarth.Inthethirdevent,___4___isknownasthe“GreatDying”,90%to96%ofallspeciesdiedout.Ofcourse,speciesdiedoutduetomany___5___(cause).Butnowadays,humanactivityhasaffectedalltypesofspeciesthatwedependonforliving.Weneedtotakeaction___6___(avoid)thesixthmassextinction.Weshouldtakestepstosaveendangeredanimalsandplants,andsetupspecialareastotakecareofthem___7___thenextextinctioncomesthatmaywipeouttheentirespecies.【答案】4.which5.causes6.toavoid7before【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们需要采取行动来避免第六次物种大灭绝。【4题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：第三个事件被称为“大灭绝”，90%到96%的物种都灭绝了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是thethirdevent，所以用which引导。故填which。【5题详解】考查名词。句意：当然，物种灭绝的原因有很多。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词many，所以空处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填causes。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要采取行动来避免第六次物种大灭绝。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：takeactiontodo意为“采取措施做某事”。故填toavoid。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：我们应该采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的动物和植物，并在下一次灭绝到来之前建立特殊的区域来照顾它们，可能会消灭整个物种。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，根据句意表达“在……之前”之意，应该用before引导。故填before。C语法填空Legosarepopularwithkids.But___8___(make)themcanhurttheenvironment.Why?Legosaremadeofplastic.Theplasticismadefromoil.Thatisanonrenewableresource,Recently,Legos___9___(introduce)earth-friendlypieces.Theyaremadeofplastictakenfromsugarcane(甘蔗).Thatisarenewablematerial.Thegreenpiecesarepartofa____10____(big)planforLego.Thecompanyplanstouserenewablematerialsinallitstoysby2030.Theactionsthecompanytakestodaycanhaveinfluenceontheplanetoftomorrow.【答案】8.making9.haveintroduced10.bigger【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐高玩具公司引进了一种新的环保材料来制作玩具。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但制造它们会破坏环境。句中有谓语canhurt，且前后无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作主语，此处“制作它们”表示一种抽象动作，应用动名词作主语，故填making。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：最近，乐高积木推出了环保作品。空处在句中作谓语，由recently可知，“推出”这一动作从过去发生持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语是复数，故填haveintroduced。【10题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：绿色乐高是乐高更大计划的一部分。由下文“Thecompanyplanstouserenewablematerialsinallitstoysby2030.”可知，乐高有更大的计划，所以此处应用形容词big的比较级bigger作定语，修饰名词plan，故填bigger。第二节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。SaulScruggsandKeonRichardsonhavenevermissedadayofworkpickinguprubbishinMiamiBeach.Andtheywereespecially____11____whentheywerecoveringtheirrouteasabeautifulsurpriseawaitedthem.Whentheirhugetruckrolleddownthestreet,theyfoundscoresof____12____who'dgottenupearlytolinethestreetwithsignsandballoons,allto____13____say“weloveyou”.JenniferElegantwantedtoshowherfamily's____14____sosheorganizeda“thankyou”celebrationto____15____theessentialworkerswhomshecalled“extraordinary”.EventheMiamiBeachMayor,DanGelber,____16____toexpressrespecttothembecauseSaulandKeondomorethanpickuprubbish.“Theybringanincredible,positive____17____totheentireneighborhood,”JennifertoldGNN.“Theyspreadjoy.”Whatisparticularly____18____isthepositiveenergythesetwomenbringwiththem.Theyalwayswearsmilesandnevermissa(n)____19____tosayhelloand____20____someone'sday.Theyhelpothersandexpectnothing____21____.Oneday,Saulspent45minuteshelpinganeighborlookforherlostweddingring.Healsowaitedoveranhourwithanotherneighborwhowashavingheartissuesandneededa(n)____22____.Jeniferisimpressedwiththeseamazingworkers.“Theycontinuetomaintaintheir____23____attitudeevenduringthisstressfulCOVID-19pandemic,____24____theirownsafetyinordertokeepourcity____25____andbeautiful.”shesaid.11.A.careful B.glad C.confident D.curious12.A.officers B.colleagues C.strangers D.residents13.A.simply B.loudly C.excitedly D.surprisingly14.A.expectation B.motivation C.appreciation D.happiness15.A.award B.praise C.blame D.honor16.A.appeared B.envied C.guaranteed D.abandoned17.A.achievement B.energy C.action D.emotion18.A.hopeful B.interesting C.mysterious D.special19.A.meeting B.day C.opportunity D.reason20.A.change B.sharpen C.widen D.brighten21.A.inturn B.inshort C.inreturn D.insight22A.operation B.ambulance C.discussion D.friendship23.A.optimistic B.pessimistic C.negative D.independent24.A.giving B.treasuring C.seeking D.risking25A.clear B.strong C.clean D.rich【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.C15.D16.A17.B18.D19.C20.D21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了JenniferElegant组织当地居民向当地两位兢兢业业的清洁工SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson表达感激和敬意，市长也参与了这次活动。SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson积极乐观，即使在新冠疫情期间，也能让城市干净整洁。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们像往常一样去捡垃圾的时候，他们感到极其开心，因为一个美丽的惊喜等待着他们。A.careful小心的；B.glad开心的；C.confident自信的；D.curious好奇的。由后文“asabeautifulsurpriseawaitedthem.”可知，因为有一个惊喜等着他们，所以他们感到很开心。故选B。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们的大卡车驶过街道时，他们发现许多居民早早起床，拿着标语和气球排在街道两旁，所有这些都是仅仅为了说“我们爱你”。A.officers官员；B.colleagues同事；C.strangers陌生人；D.residents居民。根据后文““Theybringanincredible,positive7totheentireneighborhood,”JennifertoldGNN.”可知，此处指整个社区的居民早早起床，拿着标语和气球排在街道两旁。故选D。【13题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.simply仅仅；B.loudly大声地；C.excitedly激动地；D.surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后文“weloveyou”可知，居民们拿着标语和气球，早早起床仅仅（simply）是为了向那两位清洁工说声“我们爱你们”。故选A。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：JenniferElegant想表达家人的感激之情，因此她组织了一场“感谢”的庆祝活动，以表彰她称之为“非凡”的重要员工。A.expectation期待；B.motivation动机；C.appreciation感激；D.happiness幸福。由后文“sheorganizeda“thankyou”celebration”可知，JenniferElegant想表达家人的感激之情。故选C。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.award奖励；B.praise赞扬；C.blame责备；D.honor给与荣誉。由后文“whomshecalled“extraordinary”.”此处表示JenniferElegant组织了一场“感谢”的庆祝活动，以表彰她称之为“非凡”的重要员工。故选D。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就连迈阿密海滩市长DanGelber也出来表达了对他们的敬意——因为Saul和Keon不只是捡垃圾。A.appeared出现；B.envied嫉妒；C.guaranteed保证；D.abandoned放弃。前文说居民们早早起床，拿着标语和气球排在街道两旁，此处表示市长也出现了。故选A。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“它们给整个社区带来了一种不可思议的正能量，”Jennifer告诉GNN。“他们传播快乐。”A.achievement成就；B.energy能量；C.action行动；D.emotion感情。由后文“thepositiveenergythesetwomenbringwiththem.”可知，此处指这两人带来的正能量。故选B。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：特别的是这两个人身上的正能量。A.hopeful有希望的；B.interesting有趣的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.special特别的。因为SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson充满了正能量，所以很特别。故选D。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们总是面带微笑，从不错过向别人问好的机会，让别人的一天充满欢乐。A.meeting会议；B.day白天；C.opportunity机会；D.reason原因。由否定词never和他们乐观的性格可知，他们总是向别人问好，也就是说不错过向别人问好的机会。故选C。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.change改变；B.sharpen削尖；C.widen放宽；D.brighten照亮，使开心。根据前文“Theyalwayswearsmiles”可知，因为他们总是面带微笑，所以让人们感到开心。故选D。【21题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们帮助别人，不求任何回报。A.inturn轮流；B.inshort总之；C.inreturn回报；D.insight看得见。根据前文“expectnothing”可知，此处表示他们帮助别人，不求回报。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还和另一个有心脏病需要救护车的邻居一起等了一个多小时。A.operation手术；B.ambulance救护车；C.discussion讨论；D.friendship友谊。由前文“Healsowaitedoveranhourwithanotherneighborwhowashavingheartissues”可知，邻居有心脏病，所以此处指等待救护车。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“即使在压力很大的COVID-19大流行期间，他们仍然保持乐观态度，冒着自己的安全风险，以保持我们的城市清洁和美丽。”她说。A.optimistic乐观的；B.pessimistic悲观的；C.negative消极的；D.independent独立的。根据前文“Theyalwayswearsmiles”可知，他们总是微笑，所以他们很乐观。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“即使在压力很大的COVID-19大流行期间，他们仍然保持乐观态度，冒着自己的安全风险，以保持我们的城市清洁和美丽。”她说。A.giving给；B.treasuring珍惜；C.seeking寻找；D.risking冒险。根据前文“duringthisstressfulCOVID-19pandemic”可知，因为在疫情期间，所以他们冒险，保持城市清洁美丽。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.clear清楚的；B.strong强壮的；C.clean干净的；D.rich富有的。根据文章第一句“SaulScruggsandKeonRichardsonhavenevermissedadayofworkpickinguprubbishinMiamiBeach.”可知，SaulScruggs和KeonRichardson每天都会打扫社区的卫生，在疫情期间，也冒险保持城市的干净美丽。故选C。第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ABelowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.Ready,set,play!JoinateamsportPlayingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.Thislistoflinkswillleadyouthroughtosportsclubsandfixturesacrossthestate,oryoucanusetheMyCommunitydirectorytosearchforyoursportofchoice.MakedatenightactivenightDatenight(oranytimeyouhangwithlovedonesorfriends)doesn’thavetobespentsittinginacinema.Getactiveonyournextdatebygoingbowling,playinglasertagorpaintball,orsinkingballsatminigolf.CatchandkickAnyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.Killtwobirdswithonestoneandtakethemtotheparktokickafootyorthrowaballbackandforth.Onceeveryone’spractisedtheirkicking,throwingandcatchingskills,takethingstothenextlevelbyaskingthemtothroworkicklongandmakeyourunforit.TakethestairsAnoldybutagoody,takingthestairsinsteadofaliftisgreatforworkingthemajormusclegroupsinthelegs.Itmightnotseemlikethemostfunoptionforaworkout,butyoucanfitasurprisingamountofactivityintoeverydaybytakingthestairswhenevertheyareanoption.Andifyougethooked(喜欢上),youcanevenbecomeacompetitivestairclimber.26.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Publichealthandwellbeing. B.Researchandreports.C.Newsandevents. D.Strategicdirection.27.WhatistheadvantageofJoinateamsport?A.Youhavemoretimeformorningexercise.B.Youhaveabetterwayofcommunication.C.Itisawaytoworkthemajormuscleinlegs.D.Youwillgetanexpertdirectioninthegroup.28.Whichwouldafatherchooseifhewantedtoplaywithhis5—year—oldson?A.Joinateamsport B.TakethestairsC.Catchandkick D.Makedatenightactivenight【答案】26.A27.B28.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了给你的日程安排增加一点乐趣四项活动。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Belowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.(下面是一些会让你兴奋的活动，同时给你的日程安排增加一点乐趣。)”可知，全文介绍了四项体育活动，因此应该出现在公共健康栏目。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Playingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.(作为团队的一分子参加体育活动可以帮助你在交朋友和感觉自己是社区的一部分的同时变得活跃。)”可知，参加这项活动，除了健身外，还可以交朋友和更好地成为社区一员，因此有助于建立良好的交流。故选B。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Anyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.(任何有孩子的人都知道，有时娱乐他们比照顾自己的健康更重要。一举两得，带他们去公园踢足球或来回扔球。)”可知，这是适合家长与孩子一起玩的活动。故选C。BTheCloudRunnersToday,thefirstthingyouseewhenyoudriveintothesmalltownofMcFarland,California,isawelcomeposter.“HomeoftheStateChampions,”itsaysproudly.WrittenacrossthebottomarethenamesofthemembersoftherunningteamsthathavebroughtMcFarlandninestatechampionshipsoverthepasttwentyyears.Today,thislittlefarmingtownisthe“homeofchampions”,butthingsweren’talwayslikethis.Itallbeganwithagroupofsevenyoungmen,whowereMcFarlandHighSchool’sfirstrunningteam.Theywerecalled“cloudrunners”becauseitlookedliketheywerefloatingonabrowncloudofdustastheycarvedpathsthroughthesurroundingfields.Theyweren’taverygoodteam.Buttheturningpointcameonehotsummerafternoonwhentheyoungmenweredoinghillpractice.AstherewerenohillsinMcFarland,theircoach,JimWhite,madethemrunupanddownlargepilesofnutshellscoveredinwhiteplasticsheets.“Enough!”oneoftheyoungmencried.Thesoundofbreakingshellscouldbeheardashebeathisfistsonthesheet.Theplastictoreandariverofnutshellspouredout.“Doyouknowwhattheseare,MrWhite?They’realmond(巴旦木)shells.Doyouknowwheretheycomefrom?Myfamilyhasbeenworkingonfarmspickingalmondsforfortyyears.Youandyourfamily,livinginyourbigcomfortablehome,eatthesewithoutgivingasinglethoughttowheretheycamefrom.Andnowyouaremakingusrunonthem!I’vehadenough!”“We’relosers,MrWhite,notwinners,”anotheryoungmancontinued,hisfacewetwithtearsandsweat.“Nothinghaschangedhereforfortyyearsandnothing’severgoingtochange!Runningisforrichkidsinprivateschoolsinthebigcity,notforuspoorfarmboys.Wecan’tevenaffordrealshoesforrunning.Webelonginthefields,picking.We’re‘pickers’.I’mgoinghome!”SomethinginJimWhite’sheartchangedthatday.Hewentintothefieldsandworkedwiththe“pickers”.Heboughtrunningshoesfortheboys.Hespenteveningshavingdinnerwiththeboys’families.Hiswifebakedandsoldcookiestoraisemoney.Onesmallactofkindnessledtoanother.Otherfamiliesbegantotakenotice,andslowly,theentiretowncametosupportMrWhiteashehelpedtheseyoungmenchangefromfarmworkerstochampions.29.WhyisthesmalltownofMcFarlandcalled“HomeoftheStateChampions”?A.BecauseJimWhitebecamestatechampionship.B.Becausetherunningteamsgotninestatechampionships.C.Becauseagroupofsevenyoungmengotchampionships.D.BecauseMr.Whitechangedthefarmworkerstochampions.30.Whatmadetheboycryinthepractice?A.Thetirednessofrunning. B.Thepainoftraining.C.Thedifficultiesofliving. D.Thesoundofbreakingshells.31.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJimWhite?A.Ambitiousandstrict. B.Understandingandkind.C.Optimisticandpersistent. D.Responsibleandconfident.【答案】29.B30.C31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在加州小镇法克麦兰，一支名不见经传的越野赛跑队拿下9次州冠军的追梦经历。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“WrittenacrossthebottomarethenamesofthemembersoftherunningteamsthathavebroughtMcFarlandninestatechampionshipsoverthepasttwentyyears.(写在底部的是田径队成员的名字，他们曾在过去的二十年里给McFarland镇拿下九次州冠军。)”可知，被人们称作“州冠军之家”是因为这里的田径队曾获得过九次加州越野赛跑的冠军，故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Myfamilyhasbeenworkingonfarmspickingalmondsforfortyyears.Youandyourfamily,livinginyourbigcomfortablehome,eatthesewithoutgivingasinglethoughttowheretheycamefrom.(我的家人在农场采摘巴旦木已经有四十年了。你和你的家人，住在舒适的大房子里，吃着这些东西，根本不考虑它们来自哪里。)”和第五段“Nothinghaschangedhereforfortyyearsandnothing’severgoingtochange!Runningisforrichkidsinprivateschoolsinthebigcity,notforuspoorfarmboys.Wecan’tevenaffordrealshoesforrunning.(四十年来这里没有任何改变，也不会有任何改变！跑步是大城市里私立学校的富家子弟的事，不是我们这些乡下穷小子的事。我们甚至买不起真正的跑步鞋。)”可知，队员们都家境贫苦，需要通过繁重的体力劳动养活自己，他们沮丧地认为生活多艰，根本无法追逐梦想，故选C项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hewentintothefieldsandworkedwiththe“pickers”.Heboughtrunningshoesfortheboys.Hespenteveningshavingdinnerwiththeboys’families.Hiswifebakedandsoldcookiestoraisemoney.(他走进田间地头，和“采摘者”一起工作。他给孩子们买了跑鞋。每天晚上都和孩子们的家人一起吃饭。他的妻子烘焙并出售饼干来筹集资金。)”可知，为了与队员们建立信任并且真正走入队员们的生活，JimWhite与他们的家人同吃同劳动，还为他们买了跑鞋，甚至积极筹措资金，改善队员们的训练条件，这些举动充分表明JimWhite善解人意，待人真诚。故选B项。CBackintheearly2000s,lotsofpeoplecouldn’thaveimaginedlifewithoutalarmclocks,CDplayers,calendars,cameras,orlotsofotherdevices.ButalongcametheiPhoneandothersmartphones,andtheytookoverthefunctionsofdozensofthingsweusedtothinkwereessential.Thesmartphonestorycouldevenbeamodelforfightingclimatechange;notbecausesmartphonesuseasmallpartoftheenergyofallthethingstheyreplace—althoughtheydo—butbecausetheyrepresentadifferentapproachtodesigningeneral.Andthatapproachistofocusonfunctionratherthanform.Thatrequiresfocusingonunderstandingtheunderlyingproblem,andthenengineeringawiderangeofpotentialsolutions.Thisapproachcouldrevolutionizehowwethinkaboutenergyefficiency.Traditionally,improvementsinenergyefficiencyhavemostlyfocusedonindividualdevices,whichcanbequitefruitful.ButfocusingonindividualdevicesislikeifApplehadspenteffortinventingabetteralarmclock,abetterCDplayer,abettercalendar,andabettercamera.NowwithaniPhone,wedon’tneedthestandalonedevicesatall,becauseitcanfunctionasallofthem.Sowhenitcomestousingenergyefficiently,ratherthanjustinstallingamoreefficientheater,somepeoplehavefocusedinsteadonthedesiredfunction:stayingwarm.Theydesignedandcoatedtheirhousesowellthattheycouldgetridoftheirheateraltogether,lettingthemheattheirhousewith99%lessenergy.Inthesameway,ratherthanjustmakingcarsmoreefficient,whatifwefocusonthedesiredfunction-gettingwherewewantwhenwewant—andcreateanefficienttransportationsystemwherewecandrivelessorgetridofourpersonalcarsentirely?Themostenergyefficientcarorheaterisnocar,ornoheater,whilestillbeingabletogetaroundandstaywarm.Inotherwords,it’snotthinkingefficient,it’sthinkingdifferent.32.WhatmakestheiPhoneagoodexampleofenvironmentalprotection?A.Perfectingindividualinstruments.B.Combiningpossiblefunctions.C.Choosingasimplestdesign.D.Reducingtheenergyconsumption.33.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantpartofimprovingenergyefficiency?A.Usingrecyclablematerials.B.Improvingtechnologies.C.Figuringoutvarioussolutions.D.Concentratingonthenecessaryneeds.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalpracticesinenergyimprovements?A.Classical. B.Out-of-date. C.Useless. D.Perfect.35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Thinkoutofthebox. B.Differencesmakeitunique.C.Beeconomicalwithenergy. D.Stepoutofthecomfortzone.【答案】32.B33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者以iPhone为例——其实用的功能代替了过去许多独立的设备，讨论了如何提高能源效率，即注重实用功能而非形式。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Backintheearly2000s,lotsofpeoplecouldn’thaveimaginedlifewithoutalarmclocks,CDplayers,calendars,cameras,orlotsofotherdevices.ButalongcametheiPhoneandothersmartphones,andtheytookoverthefunctionsofdozensofthingsweusedtothinkwereessential.(早在21世纪初，许多人无法想象没有闹钟、CD播放机、日历、相机或许多其他设备的生活。但随着iPhone和其他智能手机的出现，它们取代了我们过去认为必不可少的许多东西的功能)”可知，有了iPhone，人们就不需要闹钟、CD播放机、日历、相机或许多其他设备，也就是说iPhone一个设备综合了很多功能，从这个意义上说，iPhone是环保的。故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Andthatapproachistofocusonfunctionratherthanform.(这种方法关注的是功能而不是形式)”可知，提高能源效率最重要的就是关注实际用途，而非形式。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Traditionally,improvementsinenergyefficiencyhavemostlyfocusedonindividualdevices,whichcanbequitefruitful.ButfocusingonindividualdevicesislikeifApplehadspenteffortinventingabetteralarmclock,abetterCDplayer,abettercalendar,andabettercamera.NowwithaniPhone,wedon’tneedthestandalonedevicesatall,becauseitcanfunctionasallofthem.(传统上，能源效率的提高主要集中在单个设备上，这可能相当有成效。但是专注于单个设备就像iPhone花精力发明一个更好的闹钟、一个更好的CD播放机、一个更好的日历和一个更好的相机。现在对于iPhone，我们根本不需要独立的设备，因为它可以像所有设备一样工作)”可推知，传统的提高能源效率的做法已经没有必要、过时了。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章最后一句话“Inotherwords,it’snotthinkingefficient,it’sthinkingdifferent.(换句话说，这不是高效的思考，而是不同的思考)”可知，作者想要告诉我们，想要提高能源效率，就应该换种思维方式。由此推知，A项“Thinkoutofthebox.(跳出框框思考；打破沉规)”符合作者写文章的意图。故选A项。DThesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound.Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound.However,thebadnewsisthathumansareseeminglyborntobelazyinordertosaveenergy,accordingtoProfessorChristoperHsee,abehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity.Inastudy,98studentswereaskedtocompletetwosurveys.Aftertheyhadcompletedthefirst,theyweremadetowait15minutestoreceivethenextone.Theyweregivenachoiceofeitherbandinginthefirstsurveynearbyoratamoredistantlocationtheyhadtowalkto.Nomatterwhichchoicetheymade,theyreceivedachocolatebar.Itturnedoutthatabouttwo-thirds(68students)chosethelazyoption.Thosewhohadtakenthewalkreportedfeelinghappierthanthosewhohadstayedput(呆在原处).Prof.Hseeconcludedthatkeepingbusyhelpedkeeppeoplehappy.Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,mighthaveaneffectonpolicies.“Governmentsmayincreasethehappinessofidlecitizensbyhavingthembuildbridgesthatareactuallyuseless,”hesuggested.Asforordinarypeople,headvised,“Getupanddosomething.Anything.Eveniftherereallyisnopointtowhatyouaredoing,youwillfeelbetterforit.”Headded,“Thinkingdeeplyorengaginginself-reflectioncanberegardedaskeepingbusy,too.”“Youdonotneedtoberunningaround,Youjustneedtobeengaged,eitherphysicallyormentally.”36.Keepingbusycanmakepeoplehappybecause________.A.itcanhelppeoplegetridoflazinessB.itcanmakepeoplesleepbetterC.itcanhelpgetridofnegativeemotionsD.itcangivepeopleasenseofachievement37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Policiesmaybeinfluencedbythefindings.B.TheofficialshavetakenProf.Hsee’sadvice.C.Inthestudyhalfstudentshandedinthefirstsurveynearby.D.Governmentscanincreasecitizens’happinessbybuildingbridges.38.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Everybodyisborntobehappy.B.Onlybykeepingworkingallthetimecanyougainhappiness.C.Prof.Hsee’sfindingwaspublishedinPsychologicalScience.D.Keepingbusygoesagainsthumannature.39.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatisHappinessB.TheSecretofHappiness:KeepingBusyC.TheFindingofResearch:DoWhatYouLikeD.TakeLifecorrectly【答案】36.C37.A38.D39.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。保持忙碌能摆脱负面情绪，让人快乐起来。本文作者建议人们不要坐着啥也不做。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions，thestudyfound.”（研究发现，让大脑忙于任务——无论多么无意义——可以阻止负面情绪。）可知，保持忙碌之所以能让人快乐是因为它能摆脱负面情绪。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hesaidthefindings,reportedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,mighthaveaneffectonpolicies.”（他说，发表在《心理科学》杂志上的研究结果可能会对政策产生影响。）和第五段“Governmentsmayincreasethehappinessofidlecitizensbyhavingthembuildbridgesthatareactuallyuseless，”（政府可以通过让无所事事的公民建造实际上无用的桥梁来增加他们的幸福感）可知，这一发现可能有助于政治。故选A。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However,thebadnewsisthathumansareseeminglyborntobelazyinordertosaveenergy,accordingtoProfessorChristoperHsee,abehavioralscientistatChicagoUniversity.”(而坏消息是，据芝加哥大学行为科学家ChristoperHsee教授说，为了节省能量，人类似乎生来就懒惰。）可推知，忙碌有悖于与人的天性。故选D。【39题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是根据第一段“Thesecrettohappinessiskeepingbusy,researchhasfound.Keepingthemindoccupiedwithtasks—nomatterhowmeaningless—keepsoffnegativeemotions,thestudyfound.”(研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是保持忙碌。研究发现，让大脑忙于各种任务——不管这些任务多么没有意义——可以远离负面情绪。)可知，本文告诉了大家幸福的秘诀。所以最佳标题是幸福的秘密：保持忙碌。故选B。第二节：阅读并回答问题(共4题;40-42题每小题2分，43题4分，共10分)阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Pranks(恶作剧)areapopularwayofmakingfunofothersandgettingalaugh.Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.PrankAliens,abest-sellingbook,tellsastoryaboutaboynamedMaxwhoissearchingforthegreatestprankofalltime.HisauthorMattStantononcesaidthatprankinginthehomecanbuildstrongrelationshipsbetweenparentsandkids.“Someofthebestrelationship-buildingmomentsIhavewithmyownkidsarewhenIenterintotheirspace,”Stantonsaid.“Anadultjoiningintheirgamescanbesurprisingforkidsandbringwonderfulmomentsofjoy.It’sagreatwaytodemonstratetoourkidsthatwecanlaughatourselvesandstillfeellovedandsafe,”headded.Butplayingtrickscancomewithunintendedconsequences,saidpsychiatristMarkCross.Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.However,Crossalsoadded“Prankingcanbegoodwhentheoutcomeislaughterforeveryone,includingtheprankedperson.Itcanbeagreatreleaseofstress.Whenyoulaugh,youbreathedeeper,whichhelpseaseanxiety.”Sowhynottrysomepranks?Wrappingvegetablesandshoesupaspresentsforkidsontheirbirthdaysalwaysgetsagreatreaction.Puttingplasticspidersinguests’drinksorplacingawhoopeecushiononanunsuspectingperson’schairissuretocauseabellylaugh.Allthesemightjustbegoodforyouandeveryoneinvolved.40.Whatarethebenefitsofpranking?(不多于10个词)________________________________________________________________41.WhatarethebestmomentsforStantontobuildrelationshipwithhischildren?(不多于7个词)________________________________________________________________42.Whencanpranksangerthetargetorevenruinarelationship?(不多于10个词)________________________________________________________________43.Inadditiontopranking,whatotherwayscanyouusetostrengthenrelationshipswithfamilymembers?(40词左右)________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Decreasingstress,raisingasmile,andstrengtheningrelationships.41.Whenheentersintotheirspace.42.Whenpranksareintendedtoharmorembarrass.43.Wecanusemanymethodstostrengthentherelationshipwithourfamilymembers,suchasmakinganappointmenttoeat,takingawalk,exercising,traveling,etc.Theseactivitiescanhelpunderstandeachother’sideasandcurrentsituation,andeliminateestrangement.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。恶作剧是一种很流行的取笑他人和获得笑声的方式。虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，提高微笑，加强人际关系。文章论述了恶作剧给人们带来的好处。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Whilesomeexpertspointoutpotentialnegatives,prankingcanalsodecreasestress,raiseasmile,andstrengthenrelationships.(虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，让人微笑，加强人际关系)”可知，恶作剧也可以减轻压力，让人微笑，加强人际关系。故答案为Decreasingstress,raisingasmile,andstrengtheningrelationships.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的““Someofthebestrelationship-buildingmomentsIhavewithmyownkidsarewhenIenterintotheirspace,”Stantonsaid.(“我和孩子们建立关系的最佳时刻是我进入他们的空间，”斯坦顿说)”可知，斯坦顿与孩子建立关系的最佳时刻是当他进入孩子们的空间的时候。故答案为Whenheentersintotheirspace.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Pranksthatareintendedtoharmorembarrasscanangerthetargetandevenruinarelationship.(意图伤害或难堪的恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至破坏关系)”可知，当恶作剧是意图伤害或让人难堪时，恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至破坏关系。故答案为Whenpranksareintendedtoharmorembarrass.【43题详解】考查开放性试题。积极向上，言之有理即可，注意字数限制。供参考Wecanusemanymethodstostrengthentherelationshipwithourfamilymembers,suchasmakinganappointmenttoeat,takingawalk,exercising,traveling,etc.Theseactivitiescanhelpunderstandeachother’sideasandcurrentsituation,andeliminateestrangement.第三部分语言运用第一节选词填空(共7题;每小题1分共7分)用所给词或词组正确形式完成下列句子(每空一词，每词只能用一次。)apartfrom,getstuck,