Unit11 WRITING WORKSHOP-READING CLUB 2 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北师单元：选择性必修四

Unit11

(WRITINGWORKSHOP—READINGCLUB2)本单元词汇梳理1.ban近义词：prohibit反义词：allow/permit词块：bansbfrom(doing)sth2.cigarettecigar(雪茄)+-ette(表示“小的”名词后缀)3.alcohol词块：drink/consumealcohol；派生词：alcoholic4.friedfry(v

油炸)+-ed(形容词后缀)词块：friedfood5.harm精准的汉语释义：伤害；损害名词动词化：伤害；损害词块：do/causeharmto,do/cause…harm派生词：harmful,harmless6.desirabledesire(v

渴望)+-able(可……的)7.obesityobese(adj

肥胖的)+-ity(名词后缀)8.tax名词动词化：对……征税词块：charge/paytax(es),personalincometax9.false反义词：true词块：falseteeth/hair,afalseargument10.investin-(into)+vest(衣服)本义是“穿上正式的制服”。人们将手中的钱换成股票时，就像给财富换上了一件可以带来滚滚财源的衣服，所以后来用invest来比喻这种购买股票的投资行为，invest也就产生了“投资”的意思。有趣的是，股票交易所中的交易员都身穿马甲(vest)，vest和invest是同源词。隐喻：投（资）→投入（时间、精力等）词块：invest(sth)insth；派生词：investment11.concludecon-(together)+clud(toshut)+-e(动词后缀)→共同关闭(事情)→结束、终止；同根词：include词块：concludefrom,concludesthwith/bydoingsth,

toconclude派生词：conclusion12.beneficialbene-(good)+fic(todo)+-ial(形容词后缀)→做好事的→有益的词块：bebeneficialto/for13.permanentper-(through)+man(tostay)+-ent(形容词后缀)→从头到尾停留的→永久的反义词：temporary/impermanent词块：permanentharm/damage/job派生词：permanence,permanently14.recoveryrecover(v

恢复)+-y(名词后缀)词块：makearecoveryfrom,economicrecovery15.loose一词多义：基本义“松的”形容词动词化：松开；释放词块：letloose词族：loose,loosely,loosen16.carpetcarp(撕碎)+-et(表示“小的”名词后缀)词源：carpet原义是“用拆散、撕开的碎布料制成的粗布”，原本用作桌布或床罩。15世纪时，人们发现把这种粗布铺在冰冷的地板上有御寒效果，人可以跪或坐在上面。此后，将carpet铺在地板上成为了一种时尚。因而产生了“地毯”的含义。17.ankle词块：twist/breakone’sankle18.greed来自greedy词族：greedy,greed,greedily19.fry词块：Frenchfries,smallfry派生词：fried20.request名词动词化：要求动词是正式用语，对应askfor词块：requestsbtodosth,requestthatsb(should)dosth,makearequestfor,atone’srequest/attherequestofsb重难点词精讲conclude搭配义harm精准的汉语释义loose一词多义ban搭配义request英语释义搭配义ban词源故事在欧洲的封建时期，封建领主在自己的领地上拥有许多特权，其中之一便是领主可以发布公告，强制要求领地内所有居民做某事或禁止做某事，如要求居民给领主服兵役、禁止在领主的土地上狩猎、捕鱼等。领主所发布的这种公告就是ban。后来，ban的词义逐渐缩小为“禁止做某事”。

(banned,banning)vt禁止；取缔(prohibit)：课文改Inmyopinion,weshouldbanadvertisementsforanyunhealthyproductssuchasalcoholandfriedfood.bansbfrom(doing)sth:Shewasbannedfromthegamefortwoyearsafterfailingadrugtest.

n

[C]［常用单数］禁止；禁令：Theyarenowprotectedbyaninternationalbanonwhaling.ban反义词：allow/permitharm

n[U]伤害；损害；危害：课文改Thereisaminimumofharmtothepatient’sbrain.Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere’snoharminaskinghim.

causeharmto/cause...harm对……造成损害doharmto/do…harm伤害/对……有害：Toomuchdrinkingwilldogreatharmtoyou./Toomuchdrinkingwilldoyougreatharm.

vt伤害；损害：课文Undoubtedly,unhealthyproductsharmourhealth.词汇拓展

harmlessadj

无害的反harmful

harmfulR3

adj有害的反harmless：theharmfuleffectsoftobacco

Airpollutionwillgetworseandthiswillbeharmfultopeople.

必修二Unit5根据所给提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。ByJulytheresearchteamhad__________（结束）themainpartofitswork.finishedconcludeconcluded正式用语

vi&vt[正式用语]结束；终止toendortobringsthtoanend：Thestoryconcludedwithahappyending.Toconclude,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.concludesthwith/bydoingsth:Heconcludedhisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome.

vt推断出；断定toformanopinionastheresultofthoughtorstudy：Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?2014江西Aristotleconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.conclude

v

构词：con-(together)+clud(toshut)+-e(动词后缀)→共同关闭(事情)→结束、终止conclusion

n[C]

结论；推论：make/rushtoaconclusionjumptoconclusionsThejudge’sconclusionwasthatMrSmithwasinnocent.

［常用单数］［正式用语］结束；结尾

(end)：Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.2019全国改温故选必二Unit5构词：conclude+-ion(名词后缀)常用搭配arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论：Theycametoaconclusionthatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.inconclusion最后；总之(finally)：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建书面表达改Looselipssinkships.loose祸从口出。/言多必失。

猜猜该谚语的汉语翻译

adj

松的；宽松的：课文Youtriponaloosepieceofcarpetandtwistyourankle.Don’twearlooseclothesinthelab.loosehair

自由的；无束缚的：Don’tletyourpetlooseinpublicplaces.

不严谨的；松散的：Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.loose反义词：tight

控制不严的：

loosemouth/tongue

letloose释放；放任：Justcloseyoureyesandletlooseyourimagination.

vt松开；释放【词汇拓展】

loosely

adv

松散地；粗略地形容词动词化loose语义网络图衣物等“松的”组织、逻辑等“松的”控制“松的”松的；宽松的自由的；无束缚的控制不严的松的（基本义）loosevtadj松开；释放口风“松的”不严谨的；松散的在正式的邀请函中经常会用到一些惯用的敬语，如“敬请光临”、“请届时出席”等等。那么大家知道这些敬语如何用英文表达吗？request敬请光临___________________________

请届时出席______________________________________

Yourpresenceisrequested.Yourpresenceisrequestedfortheoccasion.比较下面两个句子，说说ask和request的区别是什么？Sheaskedhimtowakeherat6o’clock.Sherequestedhimtowakeherat6o’clock.正式用语多用在严肃的正式场合，如商业信函、报告、讲座、会议，以及与陌生人和比自己级别高的人的礼貌交谈中。非正式用语则多用在放松的非正式场合，如与熟人的日常交流，包括会话和书信往来等。总的来说，书面语多用正式用语，口语多用非正式用语。request是正式用语request

n[C]&[U]（正式的）要求；请求：makearequestforhelpInJapan,the“OK”signisarequestforsmallchange.Thepianistlistenedtoourrequestthathe(should)playinpublicagain.atsb’srequest/attherequestofsb应某人的要求：Thestudentswerethereattheteacher’srequest.

vt[正式用语]请求；要求toaskforsthorasksbtodosthinapoliteorformalway：Requestthehonourofyourpresence.Youcanrequestafreeticketfortheshowatthereceptiondesk.request

requestsbtodosth:Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.

request+that...(should)dosth:Werequestthatthediscussion(should)beputoff.与ask(for)同义，但request更正式本单元金句汇总1.Toomuchdrinkingwilldogreatharmtoyou./Toomuchdrinkingwilldoyougreatharm.2.Toconclude,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.3.Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.随堂检测一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.Johnwasbanned_________themeeting.2.Thereshouldbeaban_________talkingloudlyincinemas.二、将下列句子译成英语。1.室内公共区域和工作场所禁止吸烟。_________________________________________________________2.他被禁止驾驶六个月。_________________________________________________________banfromonSmokingisbannedinpublicindoorareasandworkplaces.Hewasbannedfromdrivingforsixmonths.harm一、根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。1.ToomuchTV-watchingcan_________（损害）children’sabilitytolearn.（2010辽宁）2.Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatare_________（有害的）topeople.（2010广东）二、翻译下列句子。乱扔垃圾使我们的学校脏乱，并且有损学校的形象。__________________________________________________________________________________________Litteringmakesourschooldirty,anddoesharmtotheimageofourschool.harmharmfulconclude根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.It’ssafeto_____________________（推断出）itisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichfacilitates（促进）dailycommunication.（2014浙江）

2.Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto________it_____（以……结束）importantpoints.（2013浙江）3.Whatcanwe________________（从……得出结论）Stafford’sresearch?（2009全国）4.She__________________（结束时说）shewasproudtobefromSalford.conclude

concludethatconclude

from

concludedbysayingwithloose写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。Thestudentsareaskedtotiebacktheirloosehairinthelab?