考研英语-用真题记核心词汇Unit-1

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit1

一、真题文章(1994年)

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsisoftheutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceoflikelybreakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooftencarelessuseofwordspreventsameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission---receptionsystembreaksdown.

Moreover，inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymakeitdifficultforthelistenertounderstandthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybeunabletoexplainordescribeinawaythatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.

二、译文

与语言相关的，可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适当的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的反感，从而干扰其理解。因此，这传输信息——接受信息系统就会中断。而且，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确的词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。

三、考研核心词汇

choice/tFCis/n.选择,抉择,精选品,选择机会,选择权adj.精选的,上等的,挑三拣四的,可选的,宠爱的,爱惜的[例]Shehadtomakeachoicebetweenthetwodresses.她得在两件衣服中选择一件。[同义]alternative，cream，decision，option，pick，preference，selection[派生]choose/tFu:z/v.选择,选定[固定搭配]atone'sownchoice随意挑选,自由选择；bechoiceof好挑剔的；utmost/5QtmEust/n.极限,最大可能,极力adj.极度的,最远的[例]theutmostendsoftheearth天涯海角[同义]extreme,farthest,greatest,most[固定搭配]attheutmost至多；doone'sutmost尽全力；maketheutmostof...充分利用；totheutmost竭力;尽力；reaction/ri(:)5AkFEn/n.反应,反作用,反动(力)[例]Whatishisreactiontoyourproposal?他对你的建议有什么反应?[反义]action/5AkFEn/n.动作,作用,战斗,行动,举动,行为,(戏剧或书中)的情节,(某一地区、领域或团体中)最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动vt.对...起诉[派生]react/ri5Akt/vi.起反应,起作用,反抗,起反作用reactive/ri(:)5Aktiv/adj.反应的,起反作用的,反动的,电抗性的interfere/7intE5fiE/vi.干涉,干预,妨碍,打扰[例]IwasplayingwithJane,butAnneinterferedandspoiledthegame.我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了进来，把游戏给打乱了。[同义]arbitrate,encroach,intercede,interrupt,intervene,intrude,meddle[派生]interference/7intE5fiErEns/n.冲突,干涉[固定搭配]interferein干涉,干预；interferewith妨碍;干涉,干扰；comprehension/7kCmpri5henFEn/n.理解,包含[例]Readingdependsonthecomprehensionoftheideasexpressedbythewordsused.阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。[同义]apprehension[反义]incomprehension/in7kCmpri5henFEn/n.不了解,不领悟[派生]comprehensive/7kCmpri5hensiv/adj.全面的,广泛的,能充分理解的,包容的comprehend/7kCmpri5hend/vt.领会,理解,包括(包含),由...组成hence/hens/adv.因此,从此[例]TheygrewupintheSudan;hencetheirinterestinNubianart.他们在苏丹长大；由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣[同义]accordingly,away,consequently,elsewhere,fromnowon,latertherefore[反义]ago/E5^Eu/adv.以前的,以往的transmission/trAnz5miFEn/n.播送,发射,传动,传送,传输,转播[例]transmissionofnews消息的传播[同义]sending,transport,transfer,broadcast[反义]reception/ri5sepFEn/n.接待,招待会,接收[派生]transmissible/trAnz5misEbl/adj.可传送的,可遗传的transmit/trAnz5mit/vt.传输,转送,传达,传导,发射,遗传,传播vi.发射信号,发报inaccurate/in5Akjurit/adj.错误的,不准确的[例]Thereisaslightinaccuracyinthisdesign.这张设计图中有一点不大准确。[同义]incorrect,inexact[反义]accurate/5Akjurit/adj.正确的,精确的[派生]inaccuracy/in5AkjurEsi/n.错误indefinite/in5definit/adj.模糊的,不确定的,[语]不定的[例]anindefiniteleaveofabsence对在场者的离席无明确限制的[同义]broad,confused,general,hazy,indistinct,obscure,unclear,vague[反义]definite/5definit/adj.明确的,一定的[派生]indefinitely/in5definitli/adv.不确定地四、强化练习

1.Andpriceisthenumberonefactorinfluencingconsumers'__________ofvehicleinChina,with98%ofrespondentsnamingit,comparedwith82%ofUKconsumersand83%ofthoseintheU.S.A.desireB.conclusionC.choiceD.purpose

2.Althoughtherainpoursdownwiththe________relentlessness,ceasingalloutdooractivities,themanofthefieldliftshisfacetotheheavensandsmiles.A.topB.utmostC.gracefulD.dissipated3.TheRomanticMovement,whichstartedasa________againsttheindustrialrevolutionofthecentury,wasbornandflourishedinGermany,buthasnotstoppedtheGermansfrombeingEurope'smostsuccessfulentrepreneursandindustrialists.A.constancyB.constructionC.conventionD.reaction4.Firstofall,don’tletyouremotions________withyourvision.Dontseesomethingbecauseyouwantto