陕西省咸阳市2025届高三下学期三模英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省咸阳市2025届高三下学期三模英语试题第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATexasisastaterichinattractionsforfamilies,fromdinosaurtrackstoearlysettlements.HerearefourhotelsthatprovideeasyaccesstothebestofwhatTexasoffers.LaPalmilla,GlenRoseLaPalmillaisaboutique(精品)hotelinthetownofGlenRose.Withbrightandwhitewashedrooms,thehotelofferstwoandthree-bedroomsequippedwithlivinganddiningareasandfullkitchens.NearbyDinosaurValleyStateParkfeaturespreserveddinosaurfootprintsfromtheCretaceousAge,visibleintheriverbed.Canoeingandfishingarealsoallowedintheriver.HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPasoSinceitsopeningin1912,HotelPasoDelNortehashostedmanynotableguests,includingmoviestarsandformerpresidents.Thehistoriclobby,withitsblue-greencolored-glassdomeandwalls,isamust-see.RoomsfacingtheFranklinMountainsofferbreathtakingviews.Familiescanenjoyvisitingthefarmersmarket,andanotherhighlightisnearbyWhiteSandNationalPark,wherekidscansleddownsoftdunes(沙丘).AlbertHotel,FredericksburgTheAlbertHotel,locatedinTexasHillCountry,isacozy105-roomhotelwhichcombineshistoriccharmwithmodernconstruction.Familieswillenjoytheinvitingroomsandon-siteartisanalmarket.Anotherhighlightisthehotel’sapproachtothePioneerMuseum,whichprovidesaglimpseintothetown’searlydaysasaGermansettlement.FourSeasons,HoustonTheFourSeasonsHotelHoustonwith404-roomispopularamongfamiliesforitsattentiontodetailandservice.Thehotelfeatureschildren’sfacilitiesandtwoTop-golfgamesimulator(模拟器)areasonthefirstfloor.AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter,justbeyondthecitylimits,offersachancetotouranastronauttrainingfacilityusedduringtheApollomissions.1.WhatcanfamiliesdonearbyLaPalmillainGlenRose?A.VisitaGermansettlement. B.Viewdinosaurfootprints.C.TourtheApollomissions. D.Viewthefarmersmarket.2.WhatmakesHotelPasoDelNorteinElPasofamous?A.Historiccharmandmodernconstruction. B.Children’sfacilitiesandfarmersmarket.C.Historiclobbywithstained-glassdome. D.AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter.3.Whichhotelisthebestchoiceforafamilyinterestedinspaceexploration?A.AlbertHotel,Fredericksburg. B.LaPalmilla,GlenRose.C.HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPaso. D.FourSeasons,Houston.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了德克萨斯州四家适合家庭入住的酒店，涵盖其特色与周边景点，为家庭游客提供出行参考。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“LaPalmilla,GlenRose”部分中的“NearbyDinosaurValleyStateParkfeaturespreserveddinosaurfootprintsfromtheCretaceousAge,visibleintheriverbed.(附近的恐龙谷州立公园有保存完好的白垩纪恐龙脚印，在河床中清晰可见。)”可知，在格伦罗斯的拉帕尔米拉酒店附近，家庭游客可以观看恐龙脚印。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPaso”部分中的“Sinceitsopeningin1912,HotelPasoDelNortehashostedmanynotableguests,includingmoviestarsandformerpresidents.Thehistoriclobby,withitsblue-greencolored-glassdomeandwalls,isamust-see.(自1912年开业以来，帕索德尔诺特酒店接待了许多知名客人，包括电影明星和前总统。具有蓝绿色彩色玻璃圆顶和墙壁的历史悠久的大堂是必看之处。)”可知，埃尔帕索的帕索德尔诺特酒店因带有彩色玻璃圆顶的历史大堂而闻名。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据“FourSeasons,Houston”部分中的“AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter,justbeyondthecitylimits,offersachancetotouranastronauttrainingfacilityusedduringtheApollomissions.(参观位于城市边界外的美国国家航空航天局约翰逊航天中心，为游客提供了一个参观阿波罗任务期间使用的宇航员训练设施的机会。)”可知，对于对太空探索感兴趣的家庭来说，休斯顿的四季酒店是最佳选择，因为可以去参观美国国家航空航天局约翰逊航天中心。故选D项。BWhenpianistZhangJialin,aprofessorattheCentralConservatoryofMusicinBeijing,wastaskedin2018withselectingpiecesfortheentranceexamforthemaster’sprograminvocalaccompaniment,hecameacrossahiddentreasure:artsongsbytheGermancomposerEllinorValesby(1894—1969).ThepieceswerecomposedusingChineseclassicalpoetry,andimmediatelysparkedZhang’sinterest.Artsongiswrittenforsolovoiceandpianoaccompaniment,andcombinespoetryandmusic.Oneofthepieces,Wave-washingSand:RainMurmursFromAcrosstheCurtain,basedonapoembyLiYu—thelastemperoroftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod—capturedZhang’simagination.“Iplayeditonthepianoandwasstruckbyitsbeauty,”hesays.“Themelodywasgraceful,theharmonywasdelicate,andtheoverallfeelingwassopoetic.Ithadaperfectlevelofdifficulty—nottooeasy,nortoohard—makingitidealfortheexam,and,moreimportantly,unfamiliarenoughtoensurefairnessforthecandidates.”AshedovedeeperintoValesby’sworkandtheworldofearlyChineseartsongs,heuncoveredamusicallandscapefullofforgottenmasterpieces.OnMarch8,heandhiswife,singerGanLulu,releasedtheirnewalbum,TreasuresFromthePastCentury.ItfeaturesnotonlycompositionsbyValesby,butalsobynotableChinesecomposers.ThecoupleperformedtracksfromthealbumattheNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsinBeijing,sharingtheirrediscovery.ZhangandGanhavebeentouringChinasinceJune2023,performingandpromotingthesongs.Theirconcertshavebeenmetwithgreatenthusiasm.“Manypeoplearehearingthesepiecesforthefirsttime,buttheyarecompletelyattractedandtheyletthemusictakethemonajourney,”Gansays.InbringingtheseearlyChineseartsongsbacktolife,ZhangandGanarenotjustbreathingnewlifeintoforgottenmusic—theyarereconnectinglistenerstoaculturalheritagethathaslongbeenoverlooked.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captured”inParagraph2mean?A.Lost. B.Caught. C.Created. D.Expressed.5.WhatwasthekeyreasonwhyZhangchoseWave-washingSandfortheentranceexam?A.Itsmelody. B.Itsdifficulty. C.Itspopularity. D.Itsunfamiliarity.6.WhatcanweknowaboutZhangJialinandGanLulu’sconcerts?A.Short-lived. B.Little-known. C.Well-received. D.New-fashioned.7.WhatisthemainpurposeofZhangJialinandGanLulu’swork?A.Tocreatenewartsongs. B.Togainmorereputation.C.Toreawakenforgottenmusic. D.Toshowtheirmusicaltalents.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了钢琴家张佳林在为考试选曲时，发现了德国作曲家根据中国古典诗词创作的艺术歌曲。他与妻子甘璐璐发行专辑并巡回演出，推广这些被遗忘的作品，让听众重连被忽视的文化遗产。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前的“Oneofthepieces,Wave-washingSand:RainMurmursFromAcrosstheCurtain,basedonapoembyLiYu—thelastemperoroftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod(其中一首作品《浪淘沙・帘外雨潺潺》，是根据五代十国时期南唐末代皇帝李煜的一首词改编的。)”以及第三段前两句““Iplayeditonthepianoandwasstruckbyitsbeauty,”hesays.“Themelodywasgraceful,theharmonywasdelicate,andtheoverallfeelingwassopoetic.(“我用钢琴弹奏了它，被它的美所震撼，”他说。“旋律优美，和声细腻，整体感觉充满诗意。”)”可知，这首曲子吸引了张佳林，让他产生了兴趣。所以“captured”意思与“caught(吸引)”相近。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Ithadaperfectlevelofdifficulty—nottooeasy,nortoohard—makingitidealfortheexam,and,moreimportantly,unfamiliarenoughtoensurefairnessforthecandidates.(它的难度恰到好处——既不太容易，也不太难——非常适合考试，更重要的是，它足够陌生，以确保考生的公平性。)”可知，张佳林选择《浪淘沙》作为入学考试曲目，关键原因是它的陌生性，这样能保证考试的公平性。故选D项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“ZhangandGanhavebeentouringChinasinceJune2023,performingandpromotingthesongs.Theirconcertshavebeenmetwithgreatenthusiasm.“Manypeoplearehearingthesepiecesforthefirsttime,buttheyarecompletelyattractedandtheyletthemusictakethemonajourney,”Gansays.(张佳林和甘璐璐自2023年6月以来一直在中国巡回演出，表演并推广这些歌曲。他们的音乐会受到了极大的欢迎。甘璐璐说：“很多人都是第一次听到这些曲子，但他们完全被吸引住了，他们让音乐带他们踏上了一段旅程。”)”可知，他们的音乐会受到了观众的热烈欢迎。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“InbringingtheseearlyChineseartsongsbacktolife,ZhangandGanarenotjustbreathingnewlifeintoforgottenmusic—theyarereconnectinglistenerstoaculturalheritagethathaslongbeenoverlooked.(在让这些早期的中国艺术歌曲重获生机的过程中，张佳林和甘璐璐不仅为被遗忘的音乐注入了新的活力，还让听众重新连接起了长期被忽视的文化遗产。)”可知，张佳林和甘璐璐工作的主要目的是让被遗忘的音乐重新焕发生机。故选C项。CAccordingtoalandmarkstudypublishedinthejournalScience,totalbutterflyabundanceintheU.S.hasdeclinedby22percentacrossallspeciesbetween2000and2020.“Thisisawake-upcall.Peopleshouldbeseeingthisnumberandbeingvery,veryconcerned,notjustaboutbutterflies,butaboutthestateofinsectsingeneral,”saysElizaGrames,aconservationbiologistatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYorkandcoauthorofthestudy.Initially,Gramessayssheexpectedtoseedeclinesformanyspecies,butthatonceallthedatawasexpandedtocovertheentirenation,shealsoexpectedtoseeenoughincreasestowashoutthebadnews.Unfortunately,thatwasnotthecase.“It’skindofanoverwhelmingamountoflossanddecline,”shesays.Forfearthatyouthinkthewidespreaddeclinesonlyinvolveahandfuloflittle-knownspeciesthatwerealreadyclosetoextinction,thescientistsfoundthat13timesasmanybutterflyspecieswereindeclinecomparedtothosethatwereincreasing.Morethan100speciessawdropsgreaterthan50percentoverthetwenty-yeartimeperiod.Thisincludes22speciesthathavedeclinedmorethan90percent,includingsomeofthecommonestandmost-lovedspecies.Scientistssaythebutterflylossescanresultfrommanyfactors,includinghabitatloss,climatechange,andpesticideuse.Whileclimatechangeoragriculturalpesticideuserequirebigsocietyshifts,therearesomethingseachofuscandotohelpbutterflies.“Becauseinsectshaveshortgenerationspans,evenmodestchangestotheenvironment—suchasplantingnativeflowersorcreatinghabitat—canhaveahugeimpactonthepopulation,”saysGrames.“Ifyou’reimprovinghabitatforelephants,let’ssay,you’regoingtobewaitingdecadesbeforeyouseeresultsofthat,”shesays.“Ifyouimprovehabitatsforbutterfliesthatcanhaveonetothreegenerationsperyear,you’regoingtoseeaprettyimmediateincreaseinpopulation.”“Ithinkthat’soneofthemostoptimisticthings,”saysGrames.Butterflies“dohavetheabilitytobounceback,ifweputtheeffortintoconservationactions.”8.InParagraph1,theauthorpresents________.A.apopularbelief B.aworryingwarningC.acommon-heldview D.atheoreticalassumption9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3abouttheresearch?A.Themost-lovedspeciesareextinct. B.Evencommonspeciesareintrouble.C.Mostbutterflyspeciesareontherise. D.Thestudymainlyfocusesonrarespecies.10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbymentioningelephants?A.Toillustratethedifficultyofelephantconservation.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhabitatimprovement.C.Tohighlighttherapidrecoverypotentialofbutterflies.D.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenelephantsandbutterflies.11.WhatdoesGramesthinkofthefutureofbutterflies?A.Eventful. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Insignificant.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项发表于《科学》杂志的具有里程碑意义的研究，研究显示2000年至2020年间美国所有蝴蝶物种的总体数量下降了22%，分析了蝴蝶数量下降的原因，并指出人们可以通过改善蝴蝶栖息地等助力其种群恢复，蝴蝶数量仍有回升希望。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“AccordingtoalandmarkstudypublishedinthejournalScience,totalbutterflyabundanceintheU.S.hasdeclinedby22percentacrossallspeciesbetween2000and2020.“Thisisawake-upcall.Peopleshouldbeseeingthisnumberandbeingvery,veryconcerned,notjustaboutbutterflies,butaboutthestateofinsectsingeneral,”saysElizaGrames,aconservationbiologistatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYorkandcoauthorofthestudy.(根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项具有里程碑意义的研究，在2000年至2020年间，美国所有蝴蝶物种的总体数量减少了22%。纽约宾厄姆顿大学的保护生物学家、该研究的合著者伊莉莎・格雷姆斯（ElizaGrames）表示：“这是一个警钟。人们看到这个数字时应该感到非常非常担忧，不仅是为蝴蝶担忧，也应该为整个昆虫界的状况感到担忧。”)”可知，作者在第一段呈现了一个令人担忧的警告。故选B项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段后两句“Morethan100speciessawdropsgreaterthan50percentoverthetwenty-yeartimeperiod.Thisincludes22speciesthathavedeclinedmorethan90percent,includingsomeofthecommonestandmost-lovedspecies.(在这20年里，超过100个物种的数量下降幅度超过了50%。其中包括22个数量下降超过90%的物种，这其中就有一些最常见、最受喜爱的物种。)”可推知，即使是常见的蝴蝶物种也面临着困境。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Becauseinsectshaveshortgenerationspans,evenmodestchangestotheenvironment—suchasplantingnativeflowersorcreatinghabitat—canhaveahugeimpactonthepopulation,”saysGrames.“Ifyou’reimprovinghabitatforelephants,let’ssay,you’regoingtobewaitingdecadesbeforeyouseeresultsofthat,”shesays.“Ifyouimprovehabitatsforbutterfliesthatcanhaveonetothreegenerationsperyear,you’regoingtoseeaprettyimmediateincreaseinpopulation.”(“因为昆虫的世代周期很短，所以即使是对环境进行适度的改变——比如种植本土花卉或创造栖息地——也会对其种群数量产生巨大影响，”格雷姆斯说。“比如说，如果你在改善大象的栖息地，那你要等上几十年才能看到成效，”她说。“如果你改善蝴蝶的栖息地，蝴蝶每年可以繁殖一到三代，你很快就会看到其数量显著增加。”)”可知，作者提到大象是为了通过对比，突出蝴蝶具有快速恢复种群数量的潜力。故选C项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ithinkthat’soneofthemostoptimisticthings,”saysGrames.Butterflies“dohavetheabilitytobounceback,ifweputtheeffortintoconservationactions.”(“我认为这是最乐观的事情之一，”格雷姆斯说。如果我们努力采取保护行动，蝴蝶“确实有能力恢复数量。”)”可知，格雷姆斯认为蝴蝶的未来是有希望的。故选C项。DInapioneeringachievement,scientistshavesuccessfullytransformedlightintoa“supersolid,”astateofmatterthatexhibitscharacteristicsofbothsolidsandliquidsinthemeantime.Thisremarkablediscovery,publishedinthejournalScience,pavesthewayfornoveladvancementsincondensed-matter(凝聚态物)physics.Asupersolidisauniquestateofmattergovernedbytheprinciplesofquantummechanics.Inthisstate,particlesformanorganized,crystalstructurelikeasolid,yettheycanmovefreelyandfluidlylikealiquidwithoutstickness.Thelackofsticknessmeansthatsupersolidscanquicklypipethemselvesoutofanycontainers.Ordinarysolidsaretypicallystaticanddonotmoveontheirown.However,supersolidspossesstheabilitytochangedirectionanddensitybasedonparticleinteractionswhilestillkeepinganorderlynetworkstructure.Theformationofsupersolidsrequiresextremelylowtemperatures,usuallyclosetoabsolutezero(minus459.67degreesFahrenheitorminus273.15degreesCelsius).Whilesupersolidshavebeenpreviouslycreatedfromatomicgases,therecentresearchemployedanovelmechanisminvolving“polariton(极化子)“systems.Polaritonsaremultipleparticlesformedbythestrongcouplingoflightandquasiparticles(准粒子)throughelectromagneticinteractions.Thesepolaritonscanconcentrateintothelowestpossibleenergystate,similartocertainatomicgases.Namely,lightiscombinedwithmatter,andtogether,theycanbecondensedintoasupersolid.Thestudyofsupersolidsiscrucialbecauseitallowsustoobservetheeffectsoftinyinteractionsbetweenparticleswithouttheinterferenceoftemperature.Byexaminingthebehaviorandcharacteristicsofsupersolids,wegaininsightsintothefundamentalwaysinwhichatomsandparticlesareorganized.Thisknowledgehelpsusunderstandtheworldatabasiclevel.Withfurtherresearchanddevelopment,supersolidsholdgreatpotentialforvariousapplications.Theycouldbeusedinquantumcomputing,superconductors,frictionlessoils,andpotentiallymanyotherapplicationsthatwehaveyettoimagine.Thecreationofasupersolidfromlightrepresentsasignificantleapforwardinthisfield.12.Whatisasupersolidaccordingtothepassage?A.Astateofmatterthatexistsonlyatextremelyhightemperatures.B.Astateofmatterthatisbothsolidandliquidatthesametime.C.Astateofmatterthatiscompletelysolidwithoutliquidproperties.D.Astateofmatterthatiscompletelyliquidwithoutsolidproperties.13.Whatisoneoftheuniquecharacteristicsofsupersolidscomparedtoordinarysolids?A.Supersolidscanmoveontheirown. B.Supersolidsarealwaysinaliquidstate.C.Supersolidsrequirehightemperaturestoform. D.Supersolidscannotchangedirectionordensity.14.WhatistheroleofpolaritonsincreatingthesupersolidsinParagraph4?A.Polaritonsprovidethenecessaryheattoformthesupersolid.B.Polaritonsallowlighttobecondensedintoasupersolidstate.C.Polaritonsareusedtocreateastrongerelectromagneticfield.D.Polaritonsareusedtoincreasethesticknessofthesupersolid,15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceoffurtherresearchintosupersolids.B.Theprocessoftransforminglightintoasupersolid.C.Thefeaturesandpotentialapplicationsofsupersolids.D.Thehistoryandpotentialvalueofsupersolidresearch.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家成功将光转化为“超固体”这一开创性成果。文章阐述了超固体的定义、特性，介绍了此次研究中利用极化子系统创造超固体的机制，还说明了研究超固体的重要性以及其在量子计算等领域的潜在应用。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Inapioneeringachievement,scientistshavesuccessfullytransformedlightintoa“supersolid,”astateofmatterthatexhibitscharacteristicsofbothsolidsandliquidsinthemeantime.(在一项开创性的成果中，科学家们成功地将光转化为一种“超固体”，这是一种同时具有固体和液体特性的物质状态。)”以及第二段前两句“Asupersolidisauniquestateofmattergovernedbytheprinciplesofquantummechanics.Inthisstate,particlesformanorganized,crystalstructurelikeasolid,yettheycanmovefreelyandfluidlylikealiquidwithoutstickness.(超固体是一种由量子力学原理支配的独特物质状态。在这种状态下，粒子形成像固体一样有组织的晶体结构，但它们可以像液体一样自由流畅地移动而没有粘性。)”可知，超固体是一种同时具有固体和液体特性的物质状态。故选B项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Ordinarysolidsaretypicallystaticanddonotmoveontheirown.However,supersolidspossesstheabilitytochangedirectionanddensitybasedonparticleinteractionswhilestillkeepinganorderlynetworkstructure.(普通固体通常是静态的，不会自行移动。然而，超固体具有根据粒子间的相互作用改变方向和密度的能力，同时仍保持有序的网络结构。)”可知，与普通固体相比，超固体的独特特征之一是它可以自行移动。故选A项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Whilesupersolidshavebeenpreviouslycreatedfromatomicgases,therecentresearchemployedanovelmechanisminvolving“polariton(极化子)“systems.Polaritonsaremultipleparticlesformedbythestrongcouplingoflightandquasiparticles(准粒子)throughelectromagneticinteractions.Thesepolaritonscanconcentrateintothelowestpossibleenergystate,similartocertainatomicgases.Namely,lightiscombinedwithmatter,andtogether,theycanbecondensedintoasupersolid.(虽然以前超固体是由原子气体形成的，但最近的研究采用了一种涉及“极化子”系统的新机制。极化子是由光和准粒子通过电磁相互作用强烈耦合形成的多种粒子。这些极化子可以聚集到尽可能低的能量状态，类似于某些原子气体。也就是说，光与物质结合在一起，它们可以凝聚成超固体。)”可知，极化子的作用是使光凝聚成超固体状态。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了科学家成功将光转化为超固体这一成果，第二段和第三段介绍了超固体的定义和特性，第四段介绍了此次研究中利用极化子系统创造超固体的机制，第五段说明了研究超固体的重要性，第六段阐述了超固体在量子计算等领域的潜在应用。所以文章主要是关于超固体的特征和潜在应用。故选C项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Iswalkingbackwardbetter?Walkingisoneofthesimplestandmostaccessiblewaystostayfit,butsomepeopleassumethattakingafewstepsinreverse(反向)couldunlockevengreaterbenefits.Thisseeminglyunconventionalmovement,knownasbackwardwalkingorretrowalking,isgainingattentionforimprovingbalance,strengtheningunderusedmuscles,andevensharpeningcognitivefunction.___16___Benefitsofwalkingbackward.Unlikeforwardwalking,whichprimarilyengagestheankles,walkingbackwardshiftstheworkloadtothehipsandknees.Thisminorchangeinmovementactivatesdifferentmusclegroups,offeringuniquebenefitsforstrengthandmobility.JanetDufek,anutritionsciencesprofessorattheUniversityofNevada,foundthatretrowalkingincreaseslowbackandlegflexibility,reduceslowbackpain,andimprovesbalanceandstability.___17___AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,retrowalkingburns40percentmorecaloriesperminutethanlivelyforwardwalking.Aworkoutforthebraintoo.Emergingresearchsuggeststhatwalkingbackwarddoesmorethanstrengthenmuscles.___18___Thiswasprovedina2019studywhichfoundthatparticipantswhowalkedbackwardfor10to15minutesthreetofourtimesaweekshowedgreaterimprovementsincognitivefunctioningandmemorythanthosewhosteppedforwardorremainedinactive.___19___Noteveryoneisfullyconvincedaboutthebenefitsofretrowalking,though.“Theevidenceforbackwardwalkingtrainingmostlycomesfromphysicaltherapy,whereverysmallstudiesshowthatthistypeoftrainingmayhelppeoplewithkneeissueswhenaddedtoaregularphysicaltherapyprogram,”saysJonathanJarry,asciencecommunicatorinMcGillUniversity.“Fortherestofus,weareleftwithanodd-lookingexercisethatisunlikelytobebetterthanregularworkouts,andthatcomeswiththeaddeddangeroftrippingoverourselves.”Haasadds.___20___“Justbecarefulinyourpractice.Useofatreadmill(跑步机)canreducetheserisks,”saysDufek.“Ensurethatyourwalkingspaceissafewithouttripdanger.Youcanalwaysuseawalkingpartnertobeyour‘eye’whenyoucannotsee.”A.Italsosharpenscognitivefunction.B.Iswalkingbackwardreallybetter?C.Butthebenefitsgobeyondthese.D.Still,safetyiskeyforthosewillingtotryit.E.However,theimprovementinflexibilityisnotalwaysobvious.F.Herearesomepracticaltipstomakeretrowalkingpracticeaspleasantaspossible.G.Now,researchersareuncoveringjusthowinfluentialthissmallchangeinmovementcanbe.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.B20.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了倒着走（retrowalking）的好处，同时也提到了一些人对此的不同看法以及倒着走时的安全注意事项。【16题详析】根据上文“Walkingisoneofthesimplestandmostaccessiblewaystostayfit,butsomepeopleassumethattakingafewstepsinreversecouldunlockevengreaterbenefits.Thisseeminglyunconventionalmovement,knownasbackwardwalkingorretrowalking,isgainingattentionforimprovingbalance,strengtheningunderusedmuscles,andevensharpeningcognitivefunction.(散步是保持健康最简单、最容易做到的方式之一，但有些人认为，倒着走几步可能会带来更大的益处。这种看似非传统的运动，即倒走，因其有助于改善平衡、锻炼较少使用的肌肉，甚至提高认知功能而受到关注。)”以及下文“Benefitsofwalkingbackward.(倒着走的好处。)”可知，此空需起到承上启下的作用。G选项“Now,researchersareuncoveringjusthowinfluentialthissmallchangeinmovementcanbe.(现在，研究人员正在揭示这种运动上的小改变到底能有多大的影响。)”既承接了上文倒着走受关注的内容，又引出了下文对其好处的详细说明。故选G项。【17题详析】根据上文“JanetDufek,anutritionsciencesprofessorattheUniversityofNevada,foundthatretrowalkingincreaseslowbackandlegflexibility,reduceslowbackpain,andimprovesbalanceandstability.(内华达大学营养学教授珍妮特・杜菲克发现，倒着走能增强下背部和腿部的柔韧性，减轻下背部疼痛，并改善平衡和稳定性。)”以及下文“AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,retrowalkingburns40percentmorecaloriesperminutethanlivelyforwardwalking.(根据美国运动医学学院的研究，倒着走每分钟燃烧的卡路里比轻快的正着走多40%。)”可知，此空应体现倒着走的好处还有其他方面。C选项“Butthebenefitsgobeyondthese.”（但好处不止这些）能够承接上文已提及的好处，并引出下文新的好处。故选C项。【18题详析】根据上文“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatwalkingbackwarddoesmorethanstrengthenmuscles.(新兴研究表明，倒着走的益处不止于增强肌肉。)”以及下文“Thiswasprovedina2019studywhichfoundthatparticipantswhowalkedbackwardfor10to15minutesthreetofourtimesaweekshowedgreaterimprovementsincognitivefunctioningandmemorythanthosewhosteppedforwardorremainedinactive.(这在2019年的一项研究中得到了证实，该研究发现，每周三到四次倒着走10到15分钟的参与者，在认知功能和记忆力方面的改善比正着走或不活动的参与者更大。)”可知，此空应具体说明倒着走在认知功能方面的作用。A选项“Italsosharpenscognitivefunction.(它还能提高认知功能。)”与上文“doesmorethanstrengthenmuscles”相呼应，且引出下文的研究证明。故选A项。【19题详析】根据下文“Noteveryoneisfullyconvincedaboutthebenefitsofretrowalking,though.“Theevidenceforbackwardwalkingtrainingmostlycomesfromphysicaltherapy,whereverysmallstudiesshowthatthistypeoftrainingmayhelppeoplewithkneeissueswhenaddedtoaregularphysicaltherapyprogram,”saysJonathanJarry,asciencecommunicatorinMcGillUniversity.(不过，并非所有人都完全相信倒着走的益处。麦吉尔大学的科学传播者乔纳森・贾里表示：“倒走训练的相关证据大多来自物理治疗领域，一些规模非常小的研究表明，在常规物理治疗方案中加入这种训练，可能会对有膝盖问题的人有所帮助。”)”和设空位置可知，此空应作为段落主题句引出对倒着走好处存在的不同看法。B选项“Iswalkingbackwardreallybetter?(倒着走真的更好吗？)”以问句形式引出了对倒着走好处的探讨。故选B项。【20题详析】根据上文““Fortherestofus,weareleftwithanodd-lookingexercisethatisunlikelytobebetterthanregularworkouts,andthatcomeswiththeaddeddangeroftrippingoverourselves.”Haasadds.(哈斯补充道：“对于我们其他人来说，这是一项看起来很奇怪的锻炼，不太可能比常规锻炼效果更好，而且还增加了绊倒自己的风险。”)”以及下文““Justbecarefulinyourpractice.Useofatreadmill(跑步机)canreducetheserisks,”saysDufek.“Ensurethatyourwalkingspaceissafewithouttripdanger.Youcanalwaysuseawalkingpartnertobeyour‘eye’whenyoucannotsee.”(杜菲克说：“训练时一定要小心。使用跑步机可以降低这些风险。要确保你行走的空间安全，没有绊倒的危险。当你看不见时，你可以找一个陪你走路的人来当你的‘眼睛’。”)”可知，此空应强调安全的重要性。D选项“Still,safetyiskeyforthosewillingtotryit.(不过，对于那些愿意尝试的人来说，安全是关键。)”既承接了上文提到的危险，又引出了下文的安全建议，符合语境。故选D项。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Samuellovedanimalssincechildhood.Hegrewupinanenvironmentfullof___21___andreturnedhomeeverynightafterseeingthejungleanimalshehadalwaysloved.Hismotheroftencomplainedtohim,saying“Itisawasteofyourtimespendingwiththose!”Despitehismother’s___22___,Samuelwasemployedasagardenguardnearhishometown.Moreover,hecanearngoodmoney!Itwasadouble___23___forSamuel.SamuellovedLunaverymuch,theonlywhitetigerinthezoo,whodidnot___24___anyoneotherthanSamuel.Shebecamepregnantandwasaboutto___25___.Unfortunately,shedieddueto___26___duringchildbirth.Samuel___27___themalecubwiththesame___28___andpatiencethathegavetohismother,gradually___29___theheartofthelittletiger.Overtheyears,thelittletigernamedBlancagrew.Buthewassmallerthanothermaletigersand____30____triedto____31____withanimalsofthesametypelikeLuna.BlancaonlytrustedinSamuel.However,sadlySamuelhadtomovetoanothercitybecauseofhiswife’sjobandhecriedwhenthedayof____32____came.FiveyearspassedandhewaseagertomeetBlancawhenhereturnedtothezoo.OthertigerscuriouslyapproachedtoseeifSamuelhad____33____,buthecouldnotseeBlancaanywhere.Depressed,Samuelwas____34____ontheglassofthecagewhenheheardaloud____35____behindhim.Familiarandsurprised,heknewthateverythingwasfineandtheirbondremainedunbroken.21.A.disaster B.nature C.comfort D.adventure22.A.delight B.disappointment C.interest D.surprise23.A.headache B.standard C.victory D.target24.A.approach B.thank C.stretch D.switch25.A.lookround B.runover C.settledown D.givebirth26.A.complications B.substances C.opponents D.insights27.A.found B.gained C.treated D.demanded28.A.difficulty B.character C.affection D.blame29.A.breaking B.expecting C.helping D.opening30.A.frequently B.kindly C.largely D.rarely31.A.surpass B.interact C.outperform D.babysit32.A.separation B.reunion C.celebration D.arrival33.A.food B.fiction C.noodle D.mail34.A.standing B.lying C.leaning D.setting35.A.laughter B.sound C.music D.noise【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.C29.D30.D31.B32.A33.A34.C35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了从小热爱动物的Samuel与动物园里的白虎Luna及其幼崽Blanca之间的故事，以及Samuel因妻子工作原因离开又回来后与Blanca重逢的情节。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在一个充满自然气息的环境中长大，每天晚上在看过他一直喜爱的丛林动物后才回家。A.disaster灾难；B.nature自然；C.comfort舒适；D.adventure冒险。根据下文“afterseeingthejungleanimalshehadalwaysloved”可知，他能看到丛林动物，说明他成长的环境充满自然气息。故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管母亲感到失望，塞缪尔还是在家乡附近找到了一份花园守卫的工作。A.delight高兴；B.disappointment失望；