天津市河东区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三质量检测(二)英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1天津市河东区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三质量检测(二)英语试卷第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.—Jack,I’msorry.Iusedyourcomputerwhenyouwereawaythismorning.—______.A.Withpleasure B.That’sallright C.Thatdepends D.Takeyourtime【答案】B【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——杰克，对不起。今天早上你不在的时候，我用了你的电脑。——没关系。A.Withpleasure乐意效劳，很愿意；B.That’sallright没关系；C.Thatdepends那要看情况而定；D.Takeyourtime别着急。根据上文句意可知，回应“对不起”，此处为短语That’sallright“没关系”，满足上下句意要求。故选B项。2.Overthepastfewyears,thenumberofmonarchbutterflies______significantly.A.havecrashed B.crashed C.iscrashing D.hascrashed【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去几年，黑脉金斑蝶的数量急剧下降。根据上文“Overthepastfewyears”可知，本句为现在完成时，thenumberof后接名词复数，谓语动词用单数。故选D项。3.Keepingabalanceofwork,restanddiet,andhaving______exercisewillsavepeoplefromillnesses.A.temporary B.convenient C.appropriate D.fierce【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保持工作、休息和饮食的平衡，进行适当的锻炼可以使人们避免生病。A.temporary暂时的；临时的；B.convenient方便的；便利的；C.appropriate适当的；恰当的；D.fierce激烈的；凶猛的。根据“Keepingabalanceofwork,restanddiet”可知，这里说的是生活方式要适度、合理，所以应该是进行“适当的”锻炼。故选C。4.Mybrotherisn’tverygoodatmaths,but______English,heissecondtonone.A.intermsof B.infaceof C.onaccountof D.infavorof【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我弟弟数学不太好，但在英语方面，他是首屈一指的。A.intermsof就……方面而言，在……方面；B.infaceof面对；C.onaccountof由于，因为；D.infavorof支持。根据后文“English,heissecondtonone”指弟弟在英语方面是首屈一指的。故选A。5.MysistermetJimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe______haveattendedyourlecture.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我姐姐昨天下午在大剧院遇见了吉姆，所以他不可能参加了你的讲座。A.couldn’t不能；B.shouldn’t不应该；C.needn’t不必；D.mustn’t禁止。由句意和MysistermetJimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon可知，这里考查couldn’thavedone，表示对过去事情的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。故选A项。6.Itissaidthat______hometownproductsthroughlivestreaminghelpsmanyvillagersbecomericherthanbefore.A.beingsold B.sell C.selling D.havingbeensold【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说通过直播销售家乡产品帮助许多村民比以前更富有了。“(sell)hometownproductsthroughlivestreaming”在主语从句中作主语，用动名词selling作主语。故选C项。7.Everyyear,HarbinIceandSnowWorldinChina______tomanypeoplefromtheworld.A.attaches B.attracts C.approaches D.appeals【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，中国的哈尔滨冰雪大世界都吸引着来自世界各地的许多人。A.attaches附在，贴；B.attracts吸引；C.approaches靠近；D.appeals吸引。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语appealto“吸引”，满足句意要求。B项attract为及物动词，不需要加介词to，故排除。故选D项。8.Thisprogramwassetupwiththe________ofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.A.intelligence B.intention C.interaction D.instrument【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：建立这个项目的目的是为无家可归的人提供帮助。A.intelligence智力，才智；B.intention目的，意图；C.interaction互动；D.instrument乐器。根据“ofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople”可知，此处是指建立这个项目的目的。故选B。9.InAustralia,surfingisapopularsportamongyoungpeople____theycanseekexcitementandadventure.A.that B.which C.where D.how【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在澳大利亚，冲浪在年轻人中是一项很受欢迎的运动，从中他们可以寻求刺激和冒险。分析句子成分可知，该句是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是sport，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，相当于inwhich。故选C项。10.Theboy’sface______whenheheardtheamazingnewsthathewontheprizeforoverseasstudytour.A.broughtup B.litup C.putup D.tookup【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当男孩听到自己赢得海外游学奖这个惊人的消息时，他面露喜色。A.broughtup提出，养育；B.litup(使)容光焕发，(使)面露喜色；C.putup张贴，搭建；D.tookup开始从事，占据。结合语境和常识，听到获奖的好消息，通常会面露喜色，因此，用“litup”来描述男孩听到消息后的反应是最合适的。故选B项。11.Theyoungman______anexplanationasecondtime,buthewasstillatalosstoknowhowtoaddresstheproblem.A.gave B.hadgiven C.hasbeengiven D.hadbeengiven【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个年轻人第二次得到了解释，但他仍然不知道如何解决这个问题。分析句子可知，句中“buthewasstillataloss...”使用了一般过去时，而“giveanexplanation”这个动作发生在“wasstillataloss”之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。同时，“theyoungman”和“giveanexplanation”之间是被动关系，即“这个年轻人被给予解释”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“hadbeengiven”。故选D项。12.Whatisevenmoreimportantis______theearthcooleddown,andwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.A.what B.as C.that D.which【答案】C【解析】考查表语从句。句意：更重要的是，地球冷却下来，水开始出现在它的表面。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句是一个完整的句子，不缺少任何成分，所以用从属连词“that”引导，只起连接作用，没有实际意义。故选C项。13.Peterwassoexcited______hereceivedaticketfromhisfriendtoattendAndyLau’sconcertinHongKong.A.when B.evenif C.that D.eversince【答案】A【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：当彼得收到朋友给他的一张去香港参加刘德华音乐会的门票时，他非常兴奋。A.when当……时候；B.evenif即使；C.that（用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句）D.eversince自从。由句意和hereceivedanticketfromhisfriend可知，这里指当彼得收到朋友给他的一张门票时很高兴，所以应用when来引导时间状语从句，符合句意。故选A项。14.Inthe2024ParisOlympics,theChinesesportsdelegationwon40goldmedals,______thefirstonthegoldmedallist.A.torank B.ranking C.ranked D.havingranked【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在2024年巴黎奥运会上，中国体育代表团赢得40枚金牌，排名金牌榜第一。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选B项。15.—I’mafraidIcanonlymakeasmallcontributionthistime.—______.Wereallyappreciateyourassistance.A.Everylittlehelps B.Themore,thebetterC.Wellbegun,halfdone D.Betterlatethannever【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——这次恐怕我只能做一点小小的贡献。——积少成多。我们真的很感谢你的帮助。A.Everylittlehelps积少成多；B.Themore,thebetter越多越好；C.Wellbegun,halfdone良好的开端是成功的一半；D.Betterlatethannever迟做总比不做好。根据“makeasmallcontribution”可知，“积少成多”符合语境。故选A项。第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分.满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onedaylastsummer,Istayedathome,helpingmymotherwithsomehousework.Itwasanunusually____16____day,withthesunshiningandthetemperaturerisingsteadily.AllIwantedwas____17____downwithacupofmyfavouritecolddrink.Seekingaquickescapefromtheheat,Idecidedtomakeaquick____18____tothenewlyopenedIceCream&Teashopatthestreetcornerfora____19____.Uponarrivingattheshop,Ieagerlyplacedmyorderforarefreshingcolddrinkandaskedtheserverto____20____twotubsofchocolateicecreamformyfamilyathome.Whilewaitingformytake-out,Ifinishedmycoldtreatandwasenjoyingthepleasantviewofthetwocolorfully____21____icecreams,sittingsidebyside,eachtubaworkofart.Nowthatmyto-goorderwas____22____,Iheadedtothepaymentcountertosettlethebill.Surprisingly,thecashierhadforgottento____23____meformycolddrink,____24____onlyforthetwotubs.Thenextfew____25____passedbyasI____26____betweendoingwhatwaseasy—clearingthebillandmovingout,anddoingwhatwasright—____27____theerror.IknewifIdidn’tbringtheerrorinthebilltohis____28____,mydrinkwouldbechargedagainsthis____29____.Atthatcriticalmoment,mydecisionwasmadeandIapproachedthecashier,andgentlytoldhimwhathehad____30____.Helookedatmewithasighof____31____andthankedmeprofuselyformytellinghimtheerror.Haditnotbeenformy____32____tellinghimtheerror,hewouldhavebeen____33____.Thelookofreliefonhisfacewascontagious,andIcouldn’thelpbutsmileinreturn.AsIlefttheshop,Ifeltasenseofprideand____34____aboutmyself.Iknewthatdayhowwonderfulitfelttodowhatwasright____35____whatwaseasy.16.A.hot B.foggy C.warm D.comfortable17.A.calming B.breaking C.setting D.cooling18.A.choice B.call C.trip D.decision19.A.meal B.treat C.work D.cure20.A.sell B.give C.make D.pack21.A.invented B.created C.prepared D.described22.A.slow B.ready C.late D.over23.A.cash B.buy C.pay D.bill24.A.taking B.charging C.waiting D.asking25.A.days B.weeks C.hours D.seconds26.A.wondered B.checked C.doubted D.debated27.A.pointingout B.turningto C.findingout D.lookinginto28.A.mind B.face C.notice D.note29.A.expenses B.expectation C.wishes D.salary30.A.missed B.reminded C.remained D.balanced31.A.need B.terror C.relief D.anxiety32.A.incredibly B.obviously C.secretly D.honestly33.A.fined B.hired C.sentenced D.beaten34.A.displeasure B.failure C.ambition D.satisfaction35.A.otherthan B.ratherthan C.regardlessof D.apartfrom【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.B20.D21.C22.B23.D24.B25.D26.D27.A28.C29.D30.A31.C32.D33.A34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一个炎热的夏日，作者去街角新开的冰淇淋茶店买冷饮，结账时发现收银员忘了给自己的冷饮结账，经过一番思想斗争，作者最终选择告知收银员，从而让收银员避免了可能的损失，自己也获得了一种自豪感和满足感的故事。【16题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个异常炎热的日子，阳光明媚，气温稳步上升。A.hot热的；B.foggy有雾的；C.warm温暖的；D.comfortable舒适的。根据下文“withthesunshiningandthetemperaturerisingsteadily”可知天气炎热，故选A。【17题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所想要的就是用一杯我最喜欢的冷饮来降温。A.calming使平静；B.breaking打破；C.setting设置；D.cooling使冷却，使降温。根据下文“withacupofmyfavouritecolddrink”可知，作者想要冷饮降温，故选D。【18题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了快速逃离炎热，我决定快速去街角新开的冰淇淋茶店买一份冷饮。A.choice选择；B.call电话；C.trip出行，旅行；D.decision决定。根据下文“tothenewlyopenedIceCream&Teashop”可知，作者决定快速去街角新开的冰淇淋茶店买一份冷饮。makeatripto表示“去……一趟”，符合语境，故选C。【19题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了快速逃离炎热，我决定快速去街角新开的冰淇淋茶店买一份冷饮。A.meal一餐；B.treat款待；C.work工作；D.cure治愈。根据上文“myfavouritecolddrink”可知，作者决定快速去街角新开的冰淇淋茶店买一份冷饮。treat“款待”，此处指买的冷饮。故选B。【20题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到达商店后，我急切地下单买了一杯提神的冷饮，并让服务员为我家里人打包两桶巧克力冰淇淋。A.sell卖；B.give给；C.make制作；D.pack打包。根据下文“formyfamilyathome”可知是，作者要打包带走两桶巧克力冰淇淋，故选D。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在等待外卖的时候，我吃完了我的冷饮，欣赏着两盒色彩鲜艳的冰淇淋，它们并排放在一起，每一盒都是一件艺术品。A.invented发明；B.created创造；C.prepared准备，制作；D.described描述。根据下文“eachtubaworkofart.”可知，这里指冰淇淋被制作好放在那里，故选C。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我的外卖订单准备好了，我走向付款柜台去结账。A.slow慢的；B.ready准备好的；C.late晚的；D.over结束的。根据下文“headedtothepaymentcountertosettlethebill”可知，订单已准备好可以结账了，故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，收银员忘了给我的冷饮结账，只收了两桶冰淇淋的钱。A.cash兑现；B.buy买；C.pay支付；D.bill给……开账单，收费。根据上文“thecashierhadforgottento”以及后面提到的账单错误可知，是忘了给冷饮开账单收费，故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，收银员忘了给我的冷饮结账，只收了两桶冰淇淋的钱。A.taking拿；B.charging收费；C.waiting等待；D.asking询问。根据下文“onlyforthetwotubs”可知，是只对两桶冰淇淋收费，故选B。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几秒钟，我在做容易的事——结账然后离开，和做正确的事——指出错误之间进行了辩论。A.days天；B.weeks周；C.hours小时；D.seconds秒。根据语境可知，作者是在短时间内进行思想斗争，应该是几秒钟。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几秒钟，我在做容易的事——结账然后离开，和做正确的事——指出错误之间进行了辩论。A.wondered想知道；B.checked检查；C.doubted怀疑；D.debated辩论，思考。这里指作者在心里进行思想斗争，故选D。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：接下来的几秒钟，我在做容易的事——结账然后离开，和做正确的事——指出错误之间进行了辩论。A.pointingout指出；B.turningto转向；C.findingout找出；D.lookinginto调查。根据下文“tellinghimtheerror”可知，作者是要指出账单的错误，故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我不把账单上的错误告诉他，我的饮料费用就会从他的工资中扣除。A.mind头脑；B.face脸；C.notice注意，通知；D.note笔记。根据下文“mydrinkwouldbechargedagainsthis”可知，知道如果我不把账单上的错误告诉他，我的饮料费用就会从他的工资中扣除。bringsth.toone'snotice表示“使某事引起某人的注意”，也就是让某人知道，故选C。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我不把账单上的错误引起他的注意，我的饮料费用就会从他的工资中扣除。A.expenses费用；B.expectation期望；C.wishes愿望；D.salary工资。根据常识可知，收银员的失误可能会导致他自己承担饮料的费用，即从工资中扣除，故D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那个关键时刻，我做出了决定，我走到收银员面前，温和地告诉他他遗漏的事情。A.missed遗漏，错过；B.reminded提醒；C.remained仍然是；D.balanced平衡。根据上文“thecashierhadforgotten”可知，作者告诉收银员他忘记给冷饮收费这件事，故选A。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他松了一口气看着我，非常感谢我告诉他这个错误。A.need需要；B.terror恐惧；C.relief宽慰，轻松；D.anxiety焦虑。根据下文“andthankedmeprofuselyformytellinghimtheerror”可知，收银员松了一口气，故选C。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果不是我诚实地告诉他这个错误，他就会被罚款。A.incredibly难以置信地；B.obviously明显地；C.secretly秘密地；D.honestly诚实地。根据上文“andgentlytoldhimwhathehad”可知，作者如实告知收银员错误，是诚实的行为，故选D。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是我诚实地告诉他这个错误，他就会被罚款。A.fined罚款；B.hired雇佣；C.sentenced判刑；D.beaten打败。根据上文“mydrinkwouldbechargedagainsthis”可知，收银员的失误可能会导致他被罚款，故选A。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我离开商店时，我感到一种自豪感和满足感。A.displeasure不高兴；B.failure失败；C.ambition野心；D.satisfaction满足。根据上文“asenseofpride”以及作者做了正确的事可知，作者感到满足，故选D。【35题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：那天我知道了做正确的事而不是容易的事是多么美妙的感觉。A.otherthan除了；B.ratherthan而不是；C.regardlessof不管；D.apartfrom除了。根据上文“Atthatcriticalmoment,mydecisionwasmadeandIapproachedthecashier,andgentlytoldhimwhathehad”可知，作者是在强调做正确的事，而不是选择容易的事，故选B。第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATrendOverviewTiredofheavy,oil-ladendishesandsugar-chargeddesserts?A“lightmealrevolution”istransformingChinesetables.Fromlow-caloriesaladstograin-basedbowls,restaurantsanddeliveryplatformsnowoffer“smartdining”optionsthatprioritizesteamingoverfrying,andnaturalflavorsoverartificialadditives.MarketGrowthLow-caloric,low-fatandhigh-fibermealshavebecomepopularinChina’srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.●Lightmealrestaurantssurgedfrom600toover3,500inoneyear(EconomicDaily).●Onlineordersforlightmealsjumped75%year-on-year,with60%ofdemandcomingfromBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,andShenzhen(MeituanReport).●Millennialsleadconsumption,drawnbyweightmanagementanddigestivehealthbenefits.WhatLightMealsOfferHavingalightmeal,however,doesn’tmeansalad-onlydeprivation:Boiledmeats,wholegrains,andseasonalvegetablesformthecore.High-fiber,low-fatingredientslikequinoaandavocadoboostsatiety.Flavorinnovation:Thinkherb-marinatedchickenwithroastedsweetpotatoes,oredamame-toppedbrownricebowls.HealthBenefitsThesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That’sprobablywhysomanypeople,especiallymillennials(千禧一代),areintothem.Dinersseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidbloating(变胖).”CulturalShiftThesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.“Dietquality,notquantity,isimportantforbothweightcontrolandlong-termwell-being,”WilletttoldTheNewYorkTimes.Readytojointhemovement?Sothenexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachbutmaybealsoyourheart.36.Whatarelightmeals?A.Fat-filleddishes.B.Meat-freedishes.C.Sugar-chargeddesserts.D.Low-calorieandhigh-fibermeals.37.Whatisthemainwaythattheauthorusedtoprovethepopularityoflightmeals?A.Listingnumbers. B.Givingexamples.C.Givingdescriptions. D.Showingotherpeople’sopinions.38.Whatdoweknowfromthesecondtolastparagraph?A.Lightmealswillstaypopularforawhile.B.One’seatinghabitshowstheirpersonality.C.Thereisachangeinattitudetowardhealthyeating.D.It’simportanttocattherightamountofgoodfood.39.Whyhasthe“lightmeal”trendbecomepopularinChinaaccordingtothepassage?A.Itallowspeopletocatonlyvegetables.B.Ithelpscontrolweightandpromoteshealth.C.Itischeaperthantraditionalheartydishes.D.Itwasintroducedbyforeignexperts.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefinalparagraph?A.Tosummarizethebenefitsoflightmeals.B.Toencouragereaderstotrylightmeals.C.Tocomparelightmealswithtraditionaldiets.D.Tocriticizeunhealthyeatinghabits.【答案】36.D37.A38.C39.B40.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕中国兴起的“轻食革命”展开，涵盖其背景、市场表现、特点、益处及背后的文化意义等方面。【36题详析】细节理解题。根据“TrendOverview”部分中“Fromlow-caloriesaladstograin-basedbowls,restaurantsanddeliveryplatformsnowoffer“smartdining”optionsthatprioritizesteamingoverfrying,andnaturalflavorsoverartificialadditives.(从低热量沙拉到谷物碗，餐馆和外卖平台现在提供“智能餐饮”选择，优先考虑蒸而不是油炸，优先考虑天然香料而不是人工添加剂。)”以及“HealthBenefits”部分中“Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.(这些菜肴对保持健康和控制体重都很有用。)”可知，轻食是低热量、高纤维的食物。故选D项。【37题详析】推理判断题。在“MarketGrowth”部分，作者列举了“Lightmealrestaurantssurgedfrom600toover3,500inoneyear(EconomicDaily).(轻食餐厅在一年内从600家激增至3500多家（经济日报）。)”“Onlineordersforlightmealsjumped75%year-on-year,with60%ofdemandcomingfromBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,andShenzhen(MeituanReport).(外卖订单同比增长75%，其中60%的需求来自北上广深（美团报告）。)”等数据可知，作者是通过列举数字来证明轻食的受欢迎程度。故选A项。【38题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.“Dietquality,notquantity,isimportantforbothweightcontrolandlong-termwell-being,”WilletttoldTheNewYorkTimes.(美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院营养系主任沃尔特·威利特说，饮食行为的这些变化与人们对食物的看法的更深层次的变化有关。威利特在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“饮食质量，而不是数量，对控制体重和长期健康都很重要。”)”可知，人们对健康饮食的态度发生了变化，从注重食物的数量转变为注重饮食质量。故选C项。【39题详析】细节理解题。根据“HealthBenefits”部分“Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That’sprobablywhysomanypeople,especiallymillennials(千禧一代),areintothem.Dinersseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidbloating(变胖)”(这些菜肴对保持健康和控制体重都很有用。这可能就是为什么这么多人，尤其是千禧一代，喜欢上它们的原因。食客们认为这是“避免变胖的好方法。”)”可知，轻食潮流在中国流行是因为它有助于控制体重和促进健康。故选B项。【40题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Readytojointhemovement?Sothenexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachbutmaybealsoyourheart.(准备好加入这场运动了吗？所以下次你和朋友聚会的时候，试着吃一顿清淡的饭菜。它不仅会满足你的胃，也许还会满足你的心。)”可知，作者通过提问“准备好加入这个潮流了吗”以及建议“下次和朋友聚会时，试试轻食”，目的是鼓励读者尝试轻食。故选B项。BMichaelandhiswife,newresidentsinaSanFranciscoapartment,learnedabouttheirneighborJeffDunan’svolunteerworkforBangladeshRelief,anorganizationthatprovidesfood,clothingandessentialsuppliesfordisadvantagedpeopleinnorthernBangladesh.Inspired,Michaeldonated$150toDunan’sGoFundMecampaign.However,acreditcardnotificationalertedhimtoanunintended$15,041charge.Whenhesawthefive-figurenumber,hewasconfused.Soon,itallmadesense.Michael’screditcardnumberstartedwithfourandone.Clearly,heaccidentallybegantypinghiscreditcardinformationwhilehiscursor(光标)wasstillinthedonationbox.MichaelplannedtocallDunantoexplain,butbeforehehadthechancetodothat,hestartedreceivingFacebookmessagesfromShohagChandra,thecharity’sBangladesh-basedprogrammanager,thankinghimforhisgenerousdonation.Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthank-yousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.Oncehisoriginalcontributionwasrefunded,hedecidedtodonate$1,500.AlthoughMichaelhadtoldhisfamilyandfriendsaboutthetale,hedecidedtoshareitpubliclyonsocialmedia,afterDunantoldhimtheorganizationwasdesperatelyinneedoffunds.“TheleastIcoulddowastakethetimetopostthisstoryonlineandseeifIcouldinspireotherpeopletodonatetothecause,”Michaelsaid.Littledidheknow,though,thatthestorywouldbeseenfarandwide,endingupraisingmorethan$120,000forBangladeshReliefinthespanofonlyafewweeks—abouteighttimesMichael’smistakendonation.AccordingtoDunan,morethan3,700peoplehavecontributedbecauseofMichael’spost.Michaelhasbeenstunned(震惊)bytheongoingoutpouringofsupport.“NeverinmywildestdreamsdidIimaginethisreaction,”hesaid.“Peoplecanbeamazingwhentheycometogetherforsomethinglikethis.”41.HowdidMichaelmakethelargedonation?A.Heinputanincorrectamount.B.Heencounteredasystemerror.C.HewasgreatlyinspiredbyDunan.D.Heenteredwrongcreditcarddetails.42.WhydidMichael’sheartsinkaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Hesawpeopleindespair.B.Hefailedtoofferenoughmoney.C.Hedidn’treceivethefullrefund.D.Herealizedthescaleofhismistake.43.WhatmotivatedMichaeltosharethestoryonsocialmedia?A.Dunan’srequestforpublicity.B.Adesireforpersonalrecognition.C.Theorganization’surgentneedforfunds.D.Pressurefromhisfamilyandfriends.44.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Alwaysprepareforarainyday.D.Agoodbeginningishalfofvictory.45.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMichael’sdecisiontodonate$1,500afterreceivingarefund?A.Hewantedtoavoidpublicembarrassment.B.Hewasinspiredbythecharity’sgratitude.C.Heintendedtocorrecthisinitialmistake.D.Hefacedpressurefromfamilyandfriends.【答案】41.A42.D43.C44.B45.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了迈克尔和妻子搬到旧金山的公寓后，了解到邻居杰夫・杜南为孟加拉国救济组织做志愿者工作，迈克尔向该组织捐款时误输金额，本想撤回却因看到组织的感谢而决定再次捐款，最后他将自己的经历分享到社交媒体上，为该组织筹集到大量资金的故事。【41题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Michael’screditcardnumberstartedwithfourandone.Clearly,heaccidentallybegantypinghiscreditcardinformationwhilehiscursor(光标)wasstillinthedonationbox.(迈克尔的信用卡号码以4和1开头。很明显，当他的光标还在捐款框中时，他不小心开始输入他的信用卡信息。)”可知，迈克尔是因为输入了错误的金额才导致了大额捐款。故选A。【42题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthank-yousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.(在他看了人们举着写有他名字的感谢牌的照片后，迈克尔的心一沉。他为不得不撤回他的大笔捐款而感到难过。)”可知，迈克尔意识到了自己错误的严重性，所以心一沉。故选D。【43题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“AlthoughMichaelhadtoldhisfamilyandfriendsaboutthetale,hedecidedtoshareitpubliclyonsocialmedia,afterDunantoldhimtheorganizationwasdesperatelyinneedoffunds.(尽管迈克尔已经把这件事告诉了他的家人和朋友，但在杜南告诉他该组织急需资金后，他决定在社交媒体上公开分享这件事。)”可知，是该组织急需资金促使迈克尔在社交媒体上分享这个故事。故选C。【44题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Littledidheknow,though,thatthestorywouldbeseenfarandwide,endingupraisingmorethan$120,000forBangladeshReliefinthespanofonlyafewweeks—abouteighttimesMichael’smistakendonation.AccordingtoDunan,morethan3,700peoplehavecontributedbecauseofMichael’spost.(然而，他不知道的是，这个故事将会被广泛传播，最终在短短几周内为孟加拉救济组织筹集了超过12万美元——大约是迈克尔误捐金额的八倍。据杜南说，因为迈克尔的帖子，超过3700人进行了捐款。)”可知，文章讲述了迈克尔的一个无意之举，通过在社交媒体上分享，引发了众多人的关注和捐款，最终为孟加拉国救济组织筹集到了大量资金，体现了众人拾柴火焰高的道理。故选B。【45题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthank-yousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.Oncehisoriginalcontributionwasrefunded,hedecidedtodonate$1,500.(在浏览了那些举着写有他名字的感谢牌的照片后，迈克尔的心沉了下来。他不得不撤回他慷慨的捐款，这让他非常难过。一旦他最初的捐款被退回，他决定再捐1500美元。)”可推知，迈克尔是受到了慈善组织表达的感激之情的鼓舞，才决定再次捐款。故选B。CMemorylossandcognitivedeclinearecommonconcernsaspeopleage.Medicalresearchhasbeenactivelyseekingwaystodelayorevenreversetheseeffects.Recently,ateamofresearchersfromHarvardMedicalSchoolhasmadesomeintriguingfindingsthatcouldleadtonewapproachesintreatingage-relatedmemorydecline.Whilethesediscoveriesmaynotbeearth-shatteringinthesenseofintroducingentirelynewconcepts,theydoofferimportantinsightsthatbuilduponexistingknowledge.Dr.EmilyRosenzweigandhercolleaguesfocusedtheirresearchontheroleofneurotransmitters(神经递质),particularlyacetylcholine(乙酰胆碱),inmaintainingmemoryfunction.Acetylcholineisacrucialneurotransmitterinvolvedinlearning,memory,andoverallcognitivefunction.Theresearchersconductedaseriesofexperimentsusingmicegeneticallyengineeredtohavereducedlevelsofacetylcholine.Thesemiceshowedsignificantimpairmentsinmemorytaskscomparedtotheirnormalcounterparts.Inafollow-upstudy,theteamadministeredadrugknowntoenhanceacetylcholinelevelsinthebrain.Theyfoundthatthedrugimprovedmemoryperformanceinthegeneticallyengineeredmice,suggestingthatmaintainingadequateacetylcholinelevelscouldbekeytopreservingmemoryasweage.Rosenzweigemphasizedthatthisisnotacureformemorylossbutratherapotentialstrategyfordelayingitsonset.Anotherstudy,ledbyDr.JamesCarter,exploredtheeffectsofphysicalactivityoncognitivefunctioninelderlyindividuals.Carter’steamconductedarandomizedcontrolledtrialinvolvinghundredsofseniors.Participantswereassignedtoeitheragroupthatengagedinregularaerobicexerciseoracontrolgroupthatdidnot.Afterayear,theresearchersassessedthecognitivefunctionofbothgroupsusingstandardizedtests.Theyfoundthatthoseintheexercisegroupperformedsignificantlybetteronmemoryandattentiontaskscomparedtothecontrolgroup.Despitethesepromisingfindings,expertscautionthatmoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthecomplexrelationshipbetweenmemory,aging,andlifestylefactors.Dr.Rosenzweignotedthatwhilethedrugshowedpromiseinmice,itmaynothavethesameeffectinhumansduetodifferencesinbiologyandmetabolism.Similarly,Dr.Carteracknowledgedthatwhileexerciseseemstobenefitcognitivefunction,itisunclearwhetherthebenefitsextendtoallindividualsorifthereisacriticalperiodduringwhichexerciseismostbeneficial.Inconclusion,whiletheresearchfromHarvardMedicalSchooloffershopeforimprovingmemoryintheelderly,italsounderscorestheneedforcontinuedinvestigation.AsDr.Rosenzweigputit,“Wearestillatthebeginningofourunderstandingofhowthebrainagesandhowwecanintervenetoslowdownorreversetheprocess.”46.Whatdoestheword“intriguing”inParagraph:1mostlikelymean?A.Confusing. B.Boring.C.Fascinating. D.Disappointing.47.WhatwasthefocusofRosenzweigandhercolleagues’research?A.Theroleofacetylcholineinmaintainingmemoryfunction.B.Theeffectsofgeneticsoncognitivedecline.C.Thebenefitsofaerobicexerciseonthebrain.D.Theuseofdrugstocurememoryloss.48.AccordingtoRosenzweig,thedrugtheyadministeredisintendedtobe______.A.acureformemorylossB.apreventivemeasureforcognitivedeclineC.atreatmentforAlzheimer’sdiscaseD.astrategyfordelayingtheonsetofmemoryloss49.WhatcanweinferfromCarter’sstudy?A.Regularaerobicexerciseguaranteesimprovedcognitivefunction.B.Thebenefitsofexerciseoncognitivefunctionarcimmediate.C.Therelationshipbetweenexorciseandcognitivefunctionneedsfurtherresearch.D.Exercisehasnoeffectoncognitivefunctioninelderlyindividuals.50.Whatistheoverallmessageofthearticle?A.Memorylossisinevitableasweage.B.Exerciseisthekeytopreventingcognitivedecline.C.Researchershavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintreatingmemoryloss.D.Researchonmemoryandagingisongoingandmorehasalongwaytogo.【答案】46.C47.A48.D49.C50.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈佛医学院关于记忆与衰老的研究情况，包括研究内容、发现以及专家观点等。【46题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“findingsthatcouldleadtonewapproachesintreatingage-relatedmemorydecline.(这些发现可能会为治疗与年龄相关的记忆力衰退提供新的途径)”以及“Whilethesediscoveriesmaynotbeearth-shatteringinthesenseofintroducingentirelynewconcepts,theydoofferimportantinsightsthatbuilduponexistingknowledge.(尽管从引入全新概念的角度来看，这些发现或许并非惊天动地，但它们确实基于现有知识提供了重要的见解)”可知，医学研究一直在积极寻找延缓甚至逆转这些影响的方法，哈佛医学院的研究人员的发现能带来治疗与年龄相关的记忆衰退的新方法，所以这些发现应该是吸引人的、有趣的。由此可知，划线词intriguing意思是“有趣的，迷人的”。故选C。【47题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr.EmilyRosenzweigandhercolleaguesfocusedtheirresearchontheroleofneurotransmitters(神经递质),particularlyacetylcholine(乙酰胆碱),inmaintainingmemoryfunction.(EmilyRosenzweig博士和她的同事们将研究重点放在了神经递质，特别是乙酰胆碱在维持记忆功能方面的作用上)”可知，Rosenzweig和她的同事的研究重点是乙酰胆碱在维持记忆功能方面的作用。故选A。【48题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Rosenzweigemphasizedthatthisisnotacureformemorylossbutratherapotentialstrategyfordelayingitsonset.(Rosenzweig强调，这不是治疗失忆的方法，而是一种延缓失忆发作的潜在策略)”可知，Rosenzweig认为他们使用的药物是一种延缓记忆丧失发作的策略。故选D。【49题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Similarly,Dr.Carteracknowledgedthatwhileexerciseseemstobenefitcognitivefunction,itisunclearwhetherthebenefitse