浙江省三锋联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省三锋联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Movinghouse. B.Havinganinterview. C.Introducinghercompany.【答案】B【原文】M:Onelastquestion.Couldyoupleasetelluswhyyouleftyourlastcompany?W:Oh,itwasaverydifficultdecisiontomake.Ididn’tdecidetoleaveuntilthatcompanyaskedmetoworkinanothercity.Ifso,Iwouldhavehadtobuyanotherhouse.That’swhyIamhere.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amovie. B.Anadvertisement. C.Anactor.【答案】A【原文】W:Ijustsawanadvertisementforamovie,butIdidn’tcatchthename.M:Givemesomedetails.MaybeIcanhelp.W:ItstarsJasonstatham.Itseemssofunny.M:Iknowit.ItisMegtwo:TheTrench.3.Howwillthewomangotovisithergrandparents?A.Bycar. B.Bycoach. C.Bytrain.【答案】C【原文】W:IwanttovisitmygrandparentsthisweekendbutIcan’tdecidewhethertogobycarorbycoach.M:Howabouttakingatrain?Thetrainstationisnearthevillageandyoudon’tneedtoworryaboutthetrafficjam.W:Ican’tagreemore.4.WhatwillAsherdothissummer?A.Openupabookshop. B.Doapart-timejob. C.Gotothebeach.【答案】B【原文】W:HeyAsher,I’mgoingtoMyrtleBeachthissummerholiday.Doyouwanttocomewithme?M:IwishIcould,butIhavetoworkinacoffeeshopasaparttimewaiter.You’dbettermakeareservationbeforeyougo.Iheardthehotelsnearthebeachwouldbefullybookedduringthesummer.5.Whenisthewoman’splaneduetoleave?A.At4:00p.m. B.At3:30p.m. C.At3:00p.m.【答案】A【原文】W:WhereisJack?He’ssupposedtotakemetotheairportthisafternoon.M:Oh,he’sgonetothebookshop.Hesaidhe’dbebacksoon.W:He’dbetterhurry.Thenit’sonethirty.Thereareonlytwoandahalfhourslefttillmydeparturetime.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inanapartment. C.Inagallery.7.WhydoesMbongenikeepusingplastictopaintnow?A.Tomakehispaintingspopular.B.Toprotecttheenvironment.C.Toreducecost.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:Comeandlookatthispicture.Canyoufindanythingspecial?M:Hmmm.Itseemsthatthepicturewasnotpaintedinoils,butwithplasticstrips.AmIright?W:Trulyright.Ihavetosaythatyoudohavesharpeyes.M:Whydidtheartistusethatspecialkindofmaterial?W:Well,whenMbongenistudiedart,hecouldn’taffordtobuyexpensivematerials.Hehadnochoicebuttofindanalternative.M:Andhehasstucktothisuniquekindofartsincethen?W:Yes,nowthewealthySouthAfricanartiststillcollectsplasticbagsfromthestreetsaroundhisstudioandmeltsthemtocreateauniquekindofart.Thisisthewayhefocusesonrecycling.Let’sgodownstairstoseemoreofhispaintings.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatdoestheboyaskthegirltodofirst?A.Completeaform. B.Makealist. C.Takeawalk.9.Whichactivitydoesthegirlwanttochoose?A.Thehulahooping. B.Thethree-leggedrace. C.Theegg-and-spoonrace.【答案】8.A9.B【原文】W:Hi,I’mheretotryoutforthesportsday.M:That’sgreat.Weneedmanyparticipants.Pleasefillouttheformwithyourname,ageandgrade.Here’salistoftheactivitiessuchasthehulahooping,theeggandspoonrace,thethreeleggedraceandjumpingjacks.Youcanselecttheonesyoulike.W:Itlookslikethatonlyasmallnumberofstudentshavesigneduptotakepartinthethreeleggedrace.MaybeI’llhaveachancetowin.Bytheway,howwilltheparticipantsbeselectedforeachevent?M:Well,thisyear,we’llselecttwoparticipantsforeacheventafterthesemifinals.W:Ifso,allparticipantswillcompeteinthefirstroundofeveryevent,thenthetoptwostudentswiththebestperformancewillmoveontothefinals.M:Perfect.You’vegotthepoint.Haveatryandexplaintheruletootherstudents,please.Goodlucktoyou.W:Noproblem,Iwill.Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Husbandandwife. C.Teacherandparent.11.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.HehasmadeprogressinEnglish.B.Heaccomplishedachallengingtask.C.Hecausedhisteachertrouble.12.Howdoesthewomansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Grateful. B.Helpful. C.Nervous.【答案】10.C11.A12.B【原文】M:MissStevens,thankyouforyourpatienceandencouragementwhenyou’redealingwiththekids.W:You’rewelcomeMisterlamb.It’smydutyandIlikebeingwithkidsandseeingtheirprogress.Everychilddeservesthechancetolearnandgrow,andourschoolaimstoenablepupilstodeveloptheirpotentialnomatterhowchallengingtheprocessmaybe.M:That’swonderfultohear.IhopemylittleJohnhasn’tbeenabother.W:Notatall.Andyourson’sEnglishisreallycomingalongwithproperassistancehecanachievegreatthingsandifyouhaveanyconcernsorquestions,pleasedon’thesitatetocallmeandI’dbegladtoreachouttoyou.M:ThankyouMissStevens.Iwilldefinitelykeepthatinmind.W:Mypleasure.Haveagreatday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.WhydoesWizzAirchargethemananextra$10?A.Forsnacks. B.Forluggage. C.Forseatselection.14.Howmuchdidthemanspendontheplaneticket?A.$340. B.$350. C.$360.15.WhatisanadvantageofWizzAiraccordingtothewoman?A.Lowprices. B.Delicioussnacks. C.Excellentservice.16.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Hewillnotpaytheextrafee.B.Hewillvisithisfamily.C.Hewillcancelhisflight.【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.A【原文】M:HiIris,Ihaveaquestion.Haveyouevertakenaflightoperatedbywizair?W:Yes,acoupleoftimes.Theirserviceisnotsoexcellentbutit’sstillcomfortableenoughforashortflight.Why?Areyouconsideringbookingwithwizere?M:IhavealreadybookedaticketbuttheysentmeanemailsayingthatIhavetopaytendollarsextraforreservingaseat.Thatdoesn’tmakesense.I’vepaid350dollarsfortheairticket.W:Oh,Iknowwhatthatisabout.Asyouknow,itisalowcostairline.Theyofferticketsatanaffordablepricebuttheyhavesomeadditionalfeesforthingslikebaggage,seatselectionorsnacks.M:Well,IknewIcouldn'tcarryanylargeluggage,butwhatdoesreservingaseatmean?IfIdon’tpay,Imightnotgetone?W:Ofcourseyouwillgetone,thischargeisoptional.Ifyoudon’tpay,youwillbegivenarandomseatandnotbeabletochooseoneyoulike.M:Gotit.Thankyouforexplainingittome.It’sprobablyusefulforthosewhotravelwithabigfamilyorfriends,soI'lltakeapassonit.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whoisprobablythespeaker?A.Ahiker. B.Atourguide. C.Aphotographer.18.Whatcanpeopledoatthestartingpoint?A.Getsomefoodandwater. B.Buyclothes. C.Parkthecar.19.Wheredoesthespeakersuggesttakingphotos?A.Atthewaterfall. B.Besidethestream. C.Everywherealongtheway.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisthemostimportant?A.Bringingamap.B.Wearingcomfortableshoes.C.Payingattentiontosafety.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.C【原文】Goodmorning,Iamexcitedtoannouncetheopeningofanewhikingpath.Therouteoffersamazingviewsofthesurroundingvalleysandpeaks,andyou’llhaveanunforgettableoutdoorexperience.Thestartingpointiseasilyaccessibleandhasplentyofparkingspaces.Thepathitselfiswellkeptandprovidesamoderatechallengesuitableforallskilllevels.Youwillpassbyseveralinterestingsightsalongthewayincludingabeautifulwaterfallwhichwouldbeagreatspotfortakingphotosandapeacefulstream.However,pleasenotethatthistrackislocatedinaremoteareasoyoushouldbeawareofthepossibledangersassociatedwithit.It’sessentialtobringplentyofwaterandsnacksandtowearappropriateshoesandclothing.Morethananything,youshouldbecautiousoflooserocksalongtheroad.Severalfacilitiesareavailablealongthetrail.Convenientrestroomsandnicepicnicareasareamongthem.Ialsorecommendthatyoubringafirstaidkitandaroutemap.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHikingRoutesAlongtheIcefieldsParkwayCanada’sunspoilednaturalbeautyismatchedonlybyitscosmopolitancities.Ifyouhaveplentyoftimeandaren’tinahurrytodrivenorthtosouth,thereareseveralgreathikes,bothshortandlong,thatstartsjustofftheparkway.LakeLouisetoLakeAgnesTeahouse:TheLakeAgnesTeahouseis1.3milesaboveLakeLouise,atanaltitudeof7.005feet.ThehikeuptakesbetweenoneandtwohoursandoffersexcellentviewsofLakeLouisealongtheway.BowSummitLookout:Thisfamily-friendlyhiketakesvisitorstothehighestpointalongtheIcefieldsParkway,alookoutpointwhereyoucanseebothPeytoLakeandBowLake.Keepaneyeoutformarmot(旱獭),nativebirds,andpikas(鼠兔)alongtheway.Thereturntripisonlyabout3.5mileslong.HelenLake:AdjacenttotheCrowfootGlacieratBowLake,the4.5-milein-and-outhiketoHelenLakeismoderatelychallengingandverypopular.Aswellasgreatlakeviews,ahighlightofthistrailisthegorgeouswildflowersinthesummer.Itcanbedoneinbetweenthreeandfivehours,dependingonyourspeedandfitness.Expectsnowinthefallandspringseasons.ParadiseValleytoMoraineLake:Ifyou’reanexperiencedhikerseekingachallenge,thephysically-demanding7.7-mileroutebetweenParadiseValleyandMoraineLakewillkeepyouinterested.Itcanbedoneinonelongday(abouteighthours)byfithikers.Thelakeviewsandforestsoflarchtreesarethehighlights.Summerhikesarerelativelyeasy,butmorepreparationsareneededinwinter.21.Whichhikingrouteisrecommendedforsummerwildflowerlovers?A.LakeLouisetoLakeAgnesTeahouse. B.BowSummitLookout.C.HelenLake. D.ParadiseValleytoMoraineLake.22.WhatisrequiredforhikingtheParadiseValleytoMoraineLakeroute?A.Basicmap-readingskills. B.Previoushikingexperience.C.Specialclimbingequipment. D.Summersurvivaltraining.23.Whatdothefourhikingrouteshaveincommon?A.Theyareallfamily-friendly. B.Theyincludeateahousestop.C.Theyrequirewildlifespottingskills. D.Theyfeaturelakeviews.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了加拿大冰原公路沿线的四条徒步旅行路线，包括各条路线的起点、终点、长度、难度、所需时间以及特色景观等信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“HelenLake:AdjacenttotheCrowfootGlacieratBowLake,the4.5-milein-and-outhiketoHelenLakeismoderatelychallengingandverypopular.Aswellasgreatlakeviews,ahighlightofthistrailisthegorgeouswildflowersinthesummer.(海伦湖：毗邻弓湖的鸦爪冰川，往返4.5英里的海伦湖徒步旅行有一定挑战性且非常受欢迎。除了美丽的湖景，这条路线的一个亮点是夏季绚丽的野花)”可知，对于夏季野花爱好者，推荐海伦湖这条徒步路线。故选C。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“ParadiseValleytoMoraineLake:Ifyou’reanexperiencedhikerseekingachallenge,thephysically-demanding7.7-mileroutebetweenParadiseValleyandMoraineLakewillkeepyouinterested.(天堂谷到梦莲湖：如果你是一位寻求挑战的有经验的徒步旅行者，这条在天堂谷和梦莲湖之间、对体力要求较高的7.7英里路线会让你感兴趣)”可知，徒步天堂谷到梦莲湖这条路线需要有之前的徒步经验。故选B。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“LakeLouisetoLakeAgnesTeahouse:TheLakeAgnesTeahouseis1.3milesaboveLakeLouise,atanaltitudeof7,005feet.ThehikeuptakesbetweenoneandtwohoursandoffersexcellentviewsofLakeLouisealongtheway.(路易斯湖到阿格尼斯湖茶馆：阿格尼斯湖茶馆位于路易斯湖上方1.3英里处，海拔7005英尺。徒步向上需要一到两个小时，沿途可以欣赏到路易斯湖的美景)”、第三段“BowSummitLookout:Thisfamily-friendlyhiketakesvisitorstothehighestpointalongtheIcefieldsParkway,alookoutpointwhereyoucanseebothPeytoLakeandBowLake.(弓峰瞭望台：这是一次适合家庭的徒步旅行，将游客带到冰原公路的最高点，在这个瞭望点你可以看到佩托湖和弓湖)”、第四段“HelenLake:AdjacenttotheCrowfootGlacieratBowLake,the4.5-milein-and-outhiketoHelenLakeismoderatelychallengingandverypopular.Aswellasgreatlakeviews,ahighlightofthistrailisthegorgeouswildflowersinthesummer.(海伦湖：毗邻弓湖的鸦爪冰川，往返4.5英里的海伦湖徒步旅行有一定挑战性且非常受欢迎。除了美丽的湖景，这条路线的一个亮点是夏季绚丽的野花)”以及第五段“ParadiseValleytoMoraineLake:Ifyou’reanexperiencedhikerseekingachallenge,thephysically-demanding7.7-mileroutebetweenParadiseValleyandMoraineLakewillkeepyouinterested.Thelakeviewsandforestsoflarchtreesarethehighlights.(天堂谷到梦莲湖：如果你是一位寻求挑战的有经验的徒步旅行者，这条在天堂谷和梦莲湖之间、对体力要求较高的7.7英里路线会让你感兴趣。湖景和落叶松森林是亮点)”可知，这四条徒步路线的共同之处是都以湖景为特色。故选D。BAfewweeksago,IhadtheopportunitytojoinaHollywoodfilmasanextra(群众演员)inParis.Ihadlittleideaofexactlywhattoexpectbeforesettingoff.ButIcertainlywasn’tthinkingthatoneofthebiggestadvantageswouldbespendinghourswithotherpeoplewithoutaccesstoourphones.Onset,phoneswerelockedawayaftermakeup.Withoutscreens,wefacedsomethingunusual:realconversations.Duringlongwaitsbetweenscenes,peopleactuallytalked.Anartstudentsketchedtattooideasforme;aParisianactorsharedherloveforVietnamesefood;aHaitianmantoldstoriesofhischildhood.Weplayedgames,debatedsillytheories,andlaughedfreely.Itfeltlikesteppingintoaworldbeforesmartphonesruledourattention.Thisexperiencemademerealizehowtechnologyhaschangedus.Oncetechnologydidbringpeopletogether,butgraduallytheygrabbedandthendestroyedourattentionspansandleftsomanyofuswithsmartphoneaddiction;socialmediagrabbedanddestroyedourabilitytoshareaninformationalenvironment.AndnowAIthreatenstograbandatrophy(使萎缩)ourmentalmusclesentirely.Yet,Iseehope.Ithinkweareatthebeginningstagesofaquitesignificantbacklashtothat.Teensarechoosingsimpleflipphones;peopleattenddigitaldetoxevents;thosestupidQR-codemenusareswiftlydisappearing;three-and-a-half-hourlongpodcastsgetmillionsoflistens.We’reslowlyfightingbackagainstendlessdistractions.Yearsago,IvisitedanartexhibitinPariswherethe“art”wassimplyconversationswithstrangers.Likethatexhibit,liferequirestimeandpresence.Onthefilmset,pretendinginafictionalworldironicallybroughtusclosertowhat’sreal—humanconnection.Thoughmyactingrolewassmall,thosephone-freehoursremindedme:truejoyliesnotinscreens,butinthemessy,unpredictablemomentsweshare24.Whathappenedwhentheauthorcouldn’tusephonesonthemovieset?A.Theyfeltboredandimpatient.B.Theyinteracteddeeplywithstrangers.C.Theyfocusedonmemorizingscripts.D.Theydiscoverednewfilmmakingtechniques.25.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmoderntechnology?A.Fullysupportiveofitsconvenience.B.Indifferenttoitsdevelopment.C.Concernedaboutitssocialimpact.D.Confidentinitsproblem-solvingpower.26.Whichofthefollowingmightbeanexampleof“digitaldetox”inpara.3?A.deletingharmfulonlinecontent B.takingabreakfromelectronicdevicesC.improvingsmartphonebatterylife D.makingdigitaldevicemoreeffective27.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthearticle?A.HollywoodSecrets:BehindtheScenesofFilmingB.HowAIThreatensHumanCreativityC.TheRiseofOld-dayTechnologyAmongTeenagersD.RegainingRealLifeinaScreen-DominatedWorld【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为群众演员参与好莱坞电影拍摄的经历，特别是在拍摄过程中没有手机干扰，从而有机会与他人进行真实交流的感受。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Onset,phoneswerelockedawayaftermakeup.Withoutscreens,wefacedsomethingunusual:realconversations.Duringlongwaitsbetweenscenes,peopleactuallytalked.Anartstudentsketchedtattooideasforme;aParisianactorsharedherloveforVietnamesefood;aHaitianmantoldstoriesofhischildhood.Weplayedgames,debatedsillytheories,andlaughedfreely.Itfeltlikesteppingintoaworldbeforesmartphonesruledourattention.(在片场，化完妆后手机就被锁起来了。没有了手机屏幕，我们面对的是一件不寻常的事情：真正的对话。在拍摄间隙的漫长等待时间里，人们真的在交谈。一位学艺术的学生给我画了一些纹身的设计草图；一位巴黎演员和我分享了她对越南美食的喜爱；一位海地人讲述了他童年的故事。我们一起玩游戏，争论一些荒唐的理论，尽情地欢笑。这感觉就像是走进了一个智能手机尚未占据我们全部注意力的世界。)”可知，在片场不能使用手机后，作者和其他人进行了真正的对话，人们分享了各自的事情，一起玩游戏、争论，有深入的交流互动。因此，当作者在电影片场不能使用手机时，他们与陌生人进行了深入的互动。故选B。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thisexperiencemademerealizehowtechnologyhaschangedus.Oncetechnologydidbringpeopletogether,butgraduallytheygrabbedandthendestroyedourattentionspansandleftsomanyofuswithsmartphoneaddiction;socialmediagrabbedanddestroyedourabilitytoshareaninformationalenvironment.AndnowAIthreatenstograbandatrophy(使萎缩)ourmentalmusclesentirely.(这次经历让我意识到科技是如何改变我们的。曾经，科技确实让人们聚在一起，但渐渐地，它吸引并破坏了我们的注意力持续时间，让我们很多人都对智能手机上瘾；社交媒体吸引并破坏了我们共享信息环境的能力。而现在，人工智能似乎正威胁着要完全吸引并削弱我们的思维能力。)”可知，作者通过在片场不能使用手机的经历，意识到科技曾经让人们聚在一起，但后来逐渐破坏了人们的注意力持续时间，导致很多人手机成瘾，社交媒体破坏了人们共享信息环境的能力，现在人工智能还威胁着削弱人们的思维能力。这表明作者对现代技术的社会影响表示担忧。故选C。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ithinkweareatthebeginningstagesofaquitesignificantbacklashtothat.Teensarechoosingsimpleflipphones;peopleattenddigitaldetoxevents;thosestupidQR-codemenusareswiftlydisappearing;three-and-a-half-hourlongpodcastsgetmillionsoflistens.(然而，我还是看到了希望。我认为我们正处于对这种情况的一次相当重要的抵制的初始阶段。青少年们开始选择简单的翻盖手机；人们参加数字排毒活动；那些讨厌的二维码菜单正迅速消失；长达三个半小时的播客能获得数百万次的收听量。)”可推测，digitaldetox指的是远离数码产品，让自己从电子设备的过度使用中解脱出来，进行休息和调整。选项B“takingabreakfromelectronicdevices”，意为“从电子设备中解脱出来休息一下”符合digitaldetox的含义。故选B。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章讲述了作者作为群众演员参与电影拍摄时，在片场不能使用手机的经历，让作者感受到了人与人之间真实的交流和联系。接着作者反思了现代科技对人们的影响，如破坏注意力、导致手机成瘾等，同时也看到了人们在抵制科技带来的不良影响，如选择翻盖手机、参加数字排毒活动等。最后强调真正的快乐存在于人与人之间的真实互动，而不是在屏幕之中，即在屏幕主导的世界中重新找回真实生活。选项D“RegainingRealLifeinaScreen-DominatedWorld(在屏幕主导的世界中重新找回真实生活)”准确地概括了文章通过在片场的经历反思现代科技影响，呼吁人们摆脱屏幕束缚，回归真实生活的主旨，适合作标题。故选D。CRecentstudiesindicatethatbothanimalsandplantspossesstheabilitytoswiftlyadapttochallengingenvironmentalconditionstoensuretheirsurvival.AstudypublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantScienceexplorestherapidadaptationprocessesofplantsinresponsetoclimatechangeandhowtheseadaptivetraitsareinheritedbytheiroffspring(后代).Plantsareencounteringmoreenvironmentalchallengesthanever.Forinstance,innumerousregions,theimpactofclimatechangeisleadingtoshorterwinterseasons,andplantsareadaptingaccordingly.“Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime,”saysMartinelli,aplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence.“Ascoldseasonsshorten,plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Theseprocessesallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce.”Sinceplantslackneuralsystems,theirmemoryfunctionsrelyentirelyoncellular,molecular(分子的),andbiochemicalnetworks.Thesenetworksmakeupwhattheresearcherscallsomaticmemory(体细胞记忆).“Itallowsplantstorecognizetheoccurrenceofapreviousenvironmentalconditionandtoreactaccordingly,”saysMartinelli.Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbetransmittedtotheplants’offspringthroughepigenetics(表现遗传).“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularprocessesmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses,”saysMartinelli.Movingforward,Martinelliaimstogaindeeperinsightsintothespecificgenesthatarebeinginherited.“WeareparticularlyinterestedindecodingtheepigeneticcodewithoutchangesinDNAsequence(序列),”hesays.“Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenweconsidertherapidclimatechange,weobservetodaythateverylivingorganism,includingplants,needstoquicklyadapttosurvive.”28.Howhaveplantsadjustedtoshortenedcoldseasons?A.Theyhaveshortenedtheirfloweringtime.B.Theyhavegotmorechancestoreproduce.C.Theyhaveavoidedfloweringincoldseasons.D.Theyhaveadjustedtheirenvironmentalclock.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutsomaticmemory?A.Itiscompletelydependentonneuralnetworks.B.Itcanenhancethesurvivaloftheplants’offspring.C.Itcanhelprelieveenvironmentalstresses.D.Itdisturbstheplants’biochemicalnetworks.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modulating”meaninparagraph4?A.Adapting. B.Valuing. C.Recording. D.Sharing.31.What’sthemainideaconveyedinthetext?A.Plantsaresmartaboutfloweringtime.B.Plantsarealsocapableofadaptingtoclimatechange.C.Environmentalpressureschallengeplants.D.Thesecretsofplantgenesaretobeuncovered.【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了植物为适应环境变化所展现出的能力。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime,”saysMartinelli,aplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence.“Ascoldseasonsshorten,plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.(佛罗伦萨大学的植物遗传学家Martinelli说：“许多植物需要一个最短的寒冷期来设置它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时间”“随着寒冷季节的缩短，植物已经适应了需要更短的寒冷期来推迟开花)”可知，植物是通过调整环境时钟来适应缩短的寒冷季节的。故选D。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbetransmittedtotheplants’offspringthroughepigenetics(表现遗传).“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularprocessesmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses,”saysMartinelli.(然后，这些体细胞记忆可以通过表观遗传传递给植物的后代。马蒂内利说：“一些例子证明了存在调节植物对环境压力记忆的分子过程，并且这些过程会影响后代对这些压力的适应”)”可知，体细胞记忆能传递给后代且影响后代对环境压力的适应，从而增强后代的生存能力。故选B。【30题详析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularprocessesmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses,”saysMartinelli.(马蒂内利说：“一些例子证明了存在modulating植物对环境压力记忆的分子过程，并且这些过程会影响后代对这些压力的适应”)”可知，这些分子过程是使植物的记忆与环境压力相适应，进而影响后代对压力的适应。所以划线词的意思为“适应”。故选A。【31题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recentstudiesindicatethatbothanimalsandplantspossesstheabilitytoswiftlyadapttochallengingenvironmentalconditionstoensuretheirsurvival.AstudypublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantScienceexplorestherapidadaptationprocessesofplantsinresponsetoclimatechangeandhowtheseadaptivetraitsareinheritedbytheiroffspring(后代).(最近的研究表明，动物和植物都具有迅速适应具有挑战性的环境条件以确保生存的能力。发表在《植物科学趋势》杂志上的一项研究探索了植物对气候变化的快速适应过程，以及这些适应特征是如何遗传给它们的后代的。）以及后文对植物适应气候变化的具体阐述可知，文章主要围绕植物适应气候变化展开。故选B。DTheUnitedStatesisjam-packedwithremindersofourhugeoilappetite:sincethe1850s,therehavebeenaround3.5millionoilwellsacrossthecountry.Yet,manyofthosewereabandonedafterthecompaniesranoutofbusiness.Theseforgottensites,referredtoofficiallyas“undocumentedorphanwells”(UOWs),canreleasedangerouschemicalsforyears.Locatingtheselong-inactivewellsisahighlytime-consumingprocess:youcouldspendcountlesshourspouringoverhundredsofthousandsofoldmaps.However,ArtificialIntelligencemayofferafasterchoice.ResearchersfromBerkeleyLabdetailedtheirprocessfortrainingsuchanAImodelinanarticlepublishedthisweek.Basedonaround100mapsspanning45years,theteamaskedtheAIspecificallytoidentifysymbolsshapedlikeahollow(中空的)blackcirclethatwascommonlyusedtoidentifyoilwell.Ahumandataexpertthenspent40hoursidentifyingexamplesofthesesymbolswhichthenservedastheAImodel’strainingset.WhentrainingtheAI,theresearchershadtoconsiderothersymbolswithsimilar-lookingcircularpatternsthatcouldbemistakenlyidentifiedandresultinfalsepositives.Somemapswereinrelativelygoodcondition,butotherswereworndownovertime.BerkeleyLabscientistCharulekacomparedthisprocessto“findinganeedleinahaystack(干草垛)”.OncetheAIwasfullytrainedtorecognizethewellsymbols,theresearchersthenappliedittothousandsofmaps.Themodelcamebackwiththelocationsof1,301potentiallyundocumentedorphanwells.ScientiststhenusedsatelliteimagesfromGoogleEarthtocheckthelocations,lookingforvisiblesurfacefeatureslikewellstructuresandstoragetanks,andconfirmed29wells.Forwellsinvisiblefromabove,researchersconductedon-siteinvestigationsusingequipmenttotrackdownundergroundmetalpipes,confirminganadditional15wells.Lookingahead,researchersaimtocombineAI’spredictiveabilitieswithothermoderntechnologiestospeeduptheshutting-downprocess.“AIcanenhanceourunderstandingofthepastbyprocessinginformationfromhistoricaldataonascalethatcouldn’tbeachievedjustafewyearsago,”Charulekanoted,“Themorewegointothefuture,themoreyoucanalsousethepast.”32.Whydoestheauthormentionthenumberofoilwellsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tohighlightthelonghistoryofglobaloilindustry.B.ToexplaintheU.S.effortsindevelopingoilindustry.C.Tostressthehugeeconomicbenefitsofoilwells.D.ToindicatetheneedforAIinmanagingoilwells.33.WhichofthefollowingisthechallengefacedduringtheAItrainingprocess?A.Runningoutofthefunds. B.Hiringhumandataexperts.C.Avoidingmisidentificationofsymbols. D.Keepingthemapsingoodcondition.34.WhatistheapplicationoftheAImodeldevelopedbyBerkeleyLab?A.Itrestoresworn-outmaps. B.ItpredictsUOWs’locations.C.Itassistson-siteinvestigations. D.Keepingthemapsingoodcondition.35.WhatistheCharuleka’sattitudetowardstheapplicationofAI?A.Positive. B.Skeptical. C.Pessimistic. D.Cautious.【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们开始利用人工智能关闭“无证废弃油井”，解释了具体的操作方式以及存在的挑战。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet,manyofthosewereabandonedafterthecompaniesranoutofbusiness.Theseforgottensites,referredtoofficiallyas“undocumentedorphanwells”(UOWs),canreleasedangerouschemicalsforyears.Locatingtheselong-inactivewellsisahighlytime-consumingprocess:youcouldspendcountlesshourspouringoverhundredsofthousandsofoldmaps.However,ArtificialIntelligencemayofferafasterchoice.(这些被遗忘的地方，官方称为“无证废弃油井”（UOWs），可以释放危险的化学物质多年。定位这些长期不活跃的井是一个非常耗时的过程：你可能要花费无数个小时来处理成千上万的旧地图。然而，人工智能可能会提供一个更快的选择)”可知，作者在第一段提到油井的数量是为了说明人工智能在油井管理中的必要性。故选D。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhentrainingtheAI,theresearchershadtoconsiderothersymbolswithsimilar-lookingcircularpatternsthatcouldbemistakenlyidentifiedandresultinfalsepositives.(在训练人工智能时，研究人员必须考虑其他具有类似圆形图案的符号，这些符号可能被错误识别并导致误报)”可知，避免误认符号是人工智能训练过程中面临的挑战。故选C。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Themodelcamebackwiththelocationsof1,301potentiallyundocumentedorphanwells.(该模型得到了1301口可能未被记录的废弃油井的位置)”可知，伯克利实验室开发的人工智能模型的应用是它预测UOWs的位置。故选B。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““AIcanenhanceourunderstandingofthepastbyprocessinginformationfromhistoricaldataonascalethatcouldn’tbeachievedjustafewyearsago,”Charulekanoted,“Themorewegointothefuture,themoreyoucanalsousethepast.”(“人工智能可以通过从历史数据中处理信息来增强我们对过去的理解，这在几年前是无法实现的，”Charuleka指出，“我们越深入未来，你就越能利用过去。”)”可知，Charuleka对AI应用的态度是积极的。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.