Unit1 Welcome to the unit and Reading 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新译林单元：选择性必修二

Unit1

(Welcometotheunit—Reading)词汇课堂1.criticalcrit(tojudge判断)+-ic(名词后缀)+-al(形容词后缀)→总是作判断的→批判性的词块：becriticalabout/of,

criticalthinking2.trap基本义：陷阱隐喻：具体的“陷阱”→抽象的“圈套”词块：betrappedin3.releasere-(back)+leas(toloosen松开)+-e→

放开；松开(基本义)4.extendex-(out向外)+tend(tostretch伸)→伸开；伸出(基本义)5.constructioncon-(together一起)+struct(堆砌、建造)+-ion→(一起)建造的行为→建造；建筑词块：underconstruction6.dozen音译词“打”词块：dozensof(近义词：lotsof)本单元词汇梳理7.minor反义词：major；词块：minorinjuries/matters/problems8.bath词块：have/takeabath9.scream词块：letout/giveascream10.cigarette词块：acigaretteend11.automaticauto(self自己)+matic(think思考)→自己思考的→自动的；派生词：automatically12.investigate派生词：investigation13.comeabout近义词：happen14.journalist&journalismjournal(报纸、刊物)

+-ist(从事……的人)→新闻记者journal(报纸、刊物)

+-ism(名词后缀)→新闻业；新闻工作15.priorityprior(先前的、优先的)+-ity(名词后缀)→优先考虑的事→优先事项词块：atoppriority16.contradictcontra-(against相反)+dict(tospeak说)→说法相反→相矛盾；相反；同根词：contradictory17.factualfact+-ual(形容词后缀）18.forinstance近义词：forexample19.differ词块：differfrom(=bedifferentfrom)词族：differ,difference,different,differently,indifferent20.conclusionconclude(推断出)

—conclusion词块：rushtoaconclusion,arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion,inconclusion(=finally)21.false反义词：true词块：falseteeth/hair22.minimum&maximumminimum与maximum为反义词minimum词块：aminimumof,ataminimummaximum

词块：amaximumof23.sumsum来源于拉丁语summus

(最高的)。在一组数字里面，古罗马人喜欢从底向上计数，然后把总数放在顶部。sum的词源义即为“总数

(total)”。词块：alarge/smallsumofmoney,sumup派生词：summary,summarise24.accurateac-(=ad-,to去)+cur(totakecareof注意、小心)+-ate(形容词后缀)→再三注意的→精确的同根词：curious；反义词：inaccurate派生词：accurately,accuracy25.committed&commitment词族：commit(选必二Unit4),committed,commitmentcommit：com-(together)+mit(tosend)committed词块：becommittedtocommitment词块：makeacommitmenttodo/doingsth26.curiositycurious(必修三Unit2)—curiosity词块：curiosityabout,satisfy/arousesb’scuriosity,outofcuriosity重难点词精讲release

一词多义extend一词多义critical一词多义trap一词多义differ搭配义词族conclude&conclusion搭配义priorityscream一词多义英语释义sum一词多义搭配义commit&committed&commitment词族crit(tojudge判断)+-ic(名词后缀)+-al(形容词后缀)→爱作判断的→批判性的criticaladj

批判性的；挑剔的：Studentsareencouragedtodevelopcriticalthinkinginsteadofacceptingeverythingtheyaretoldwithoutquestioningit.

严重的；危急的：Smarttoiletswillwarnyouearlyonifthereissomethingabnormalorifyouhaveacriticalillness.

紧要的；关键的extremelyimportant：Thefirst24hoursaftertheoperationarethemostcritical.Thesetalksarecriticaltothefutureofthepeaceprocess.critical《生活大爆炸》中Sheldon多次引用“It’satrap!”，模仿《星球大战》中的阿克巴上将。《星球大战6（绝地归来）》中，阿克巴上将在一次战役归来时发现自己中了帝国伏击舰队的圈套，说出了“It’satrap!（这是个陷阱）”。阿克巴上将这句略带喜感的台词后来成为了经典，被广大《星球大战》的粉丝所熟知。traptrap

n[C]

（捕鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网：set/lay/placeatrapformice

（陷害人的）圈套；诡计：fallinto/getoutofatrap

牢笼；困境：theunemploymenttrapSomepeoplefeelthatmarriageisatrap.vt

设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住：It’scrueltotrapbirds.Itrappedmycoatinthecardoor.

把……困住；使陷入困境：Havingbeentrappedintraffic,hewaslateforwork.

留存；储存（气体/水等）：BecauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.名词动词化trap语义网络图陷阱trap（基本义）困住动物等的“陷阱”（捕鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网牢笼；困境设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住n抽象的“陷阱”困住人的“陷阱”（陷害人的）

圈套；诡计把……困住；使陷入困境vreleaseHI,MOM（《你好，李焕英》）wasreleased

on12February,2021.Themovie’sticketsalesaddedupto4billionyuanonSunday,just10daysafteritsrelease.

放开；松开

tostopholdingsth(letgo)：Don’treleasetherope.

释放；排放

toletsb/sthcomeoutofaplacewheretheyhavebeenkeptortrapped：releaseaprisonerThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.releasevtre-(back)+leas(toloosen松开)+-e→

放开；松开(基本义)

首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）：releaseamovie/newversion

发泄；宣泄：Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingstress.

解雇release

n

[U]［可用单数］放走；释放；排放；宣泄：areleasefromprisonthereleaseofhomingpigeons

[U]［可用单数］发行；发布：ThesoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.

[C]发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：thelatestrelease放开release（基本义）release

语义网络图放开某物的保密状态为公众所知放开某物放开被困的人/物放开；松开释放；排放首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）放开情感发泄；宣泄将某人从职务或责任中放开解雇nv放走；释放；排放；宣泄发行；发布发行的影片等；发布的新闻等放开release（基本义）ex-(out向外)+tend(tostretch伸)→伸开；伸出(基本义)extend词源解读extendv

vt

伸开；展开；伸出：Extendyourleft

hand.

vt&vi（使）延伸；（使）延长：Thisroadextendstotheriver.TheirstayextendstotheNewYear.Thetravelersdecidedtoextendtheirvisittoseemoreaboutthebeautifulcountry.使身体部位伸开/伸出使距离或时间伸开/伸出

vt&vi（使）扩大；（使）扩展：anextendedfamilyThecompanyextendeditsservicestoHongKong.

vt[正式用语]提供；给予：Thechairmanextendedawarmwelcometotheguestspeaker.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.使业务或影响伸开/伸出使行动、情感等伸开/伸出至某人处extensionn[C]&[U]

延伸；扩大；延长期：avisaextensionThewirehasanextensionof

50feet.Theextensionof

thegardenwilltakeseveralweeks.ThepubhadanextensiononChristmasEve.

扩建部分：Thecityisbuildinganextensiontothesubwayline.

电话分机；分机号码：Extension326,please!byextension[正式用语]再则

extend语义网络图

伸开/伸出extend（基本义）使身体部位伸开/伸出使距离或时间伸开/伸出使业务或影响伸开/伸出伸开；展开伸出（使）延伸；（使）延长（使）扩大；（使）扩展使行动、情感等伸开/伸出至某人处提供；给予scream《呐喊》（TheScream），爱德华·蒙克1893年的作品。这幅画是表现主义绘画的代表。画作的主体是在血红色映衬下一个极其痛苦的表情。红色的背景源于1883年印度尼西亚喀拉喀托火山爆发，火山灰把天空染红了。蒙克将画面中沉闷、焦虑并且孤独的情感，表现到了一种极致。爱德华·蒙克（1863—1944），挪威表现主义画家、版画复制匠，现代表现主义绘画的先驱。其主要作品有《呐喊》（TheScream）、《生命之舞》、《卡尔约翰街的夜晚》等。screamv

vi&vt（因疼痛、兴奋、恐惧等）尖叫：TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid-airandweallstartedscreaming.screamin/withfear/pain/laughter

vt&vi高声喊；尖声叫(yell)：Thetrappedpassengersscreamedforhelp.Hescreamedathertogoaway.

vi（机器、汽笛等）发出尖锐刺耳的声音；（风）呼啸：Thewindscreamedthroughthetrees.n[C]尖叫声；尖锐刺耳的声音：give/letoutascreamascreamoflaughter基本义出于某种目的“尖叫”机器、风等“尖叫”priority在国外旅游时，搭乘地铁或电车，会发现每节车厢都设有PrioritySeat/Seating（优先座），类似于国内的“爱心座位”，即优先让老、弱、病、残、孕使用的座位。priorityn

[C]优先事项sththatismoreimportantorthatyoumustdobeforeanythingelse：Educationisatoppriority.Nowadaysthepriorityfortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.2019江苏

[U]优先权：Clubmemberswillbegivenpriority.prior(先前的、优先的)+-ity(名词后缀)→优先考虑的事项→优先事项priority词源解读differvi

不同；相异；有区别(vary)：AmericanandBritishEnglishdifferinmanysmallways.Howdothetouristsdifferfromlocalpeople?

不同意；意见不合(disagree)：Wedifferon/overthematter.Ibegtodiffer恕我不敢苟同：—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.—Ibegtodiffer.Oppositessometimesdoattract.2016江苏同族词：differ,difference,different,differently,indifferentconclusion高考链接根据所给汉语，完成句子。_______________（总之）weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdooractivitiesfrequently.（2014江西书面表达）

FinallyLastlyInsummaryInconclusionconclusion来自conclude，学conclusion之前需要先学conclude

vt推断出；断定toformanopinionastheresultofthoughtorstudy：Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?2014江西Aristotleconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.

vi&vt[正式用语]结束；终止toendortobringsthtoanend：Thestoryconcludedwithahappyending.Toconclude,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.concludesthwith/bydoingsth:Dadconcludedourphoneconversationwiththewords,“Paul,Iloveyou.”Heconcludedhisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome.conclude

v

选择性必修必二Unit4conclusion

n[C]

结论；推论：make/rushtoaconclusionjumptoconclusionsThejudge’sconclusionwasthatMrSmithwasinnocent.

［常用单数］［正式用语］结束；结尾

(end)：Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.2019全国改常用搭配arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论：Theycametoaconclusionthatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.inconclusion最后；总之(finally)：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建书面表达改sumdoasumsum做算术总和sum词源解读sum来源于拉丁语summus（最高的）。在一组数字里面，古罗马人喜欢从底向上计数，然后把总数放在顶部。sum的词源义即为“总数（total）”。sumn[C]

[常用单数]总数；总和；全部：Thesumoftwoandtwoisfour.Thatisthesumofourexperience.

金额：alarge/smallsumofmoney

算术：doasuminone’sheadvi&vtsumup总结；概括：Hisspeechsummedupthepresentsituationofeconomy.Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.summary（必修二Unit4）adj

概括的；扼要的：asummaryaccount/explanationn[C]总结；摘要；概要：insummaryCanyougivemeaquicksummaryofyourresearch?summarise/summarizevi&vt总结；概括；概述(sumup)：Tosummarise,thisisacleverapproachtoacommonproblem.【温故】【拓展】“过而不改，是谓过矣”，这句孔子的名言出自《论语·卫灵公》，意思是：有过错却不加以改正，这才是真正的过错！commit&committed&commitment同根词：

admit:

ad-(to去)+mit(toletgo,send放行、送)→容许……进入

permit:per-

(through通过)+mit(tosend送)→送其过去使通过→许可；准许

transmit:

trans-(across越过)

+mit(tosend送)→输送；传送commit词源解读commit:com-(together)+mit(tosend)→发送commitv

vt

犯（错误、罪行等）to

dosthwrongorillegal：commitmurder/acrime/amistakeSmokingiscommittingsuicideslowly.

vi&vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth：TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFund.

2008上海改①commitoneselfto(doing)sth:Atalentedscientistwellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.②commitoneselftodosth:Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettletheconflictspeacefully.SMOKINGKILLS

vt投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb：commitsthto(doing)sth:commitanhourtoreadingthenewspaperseverymorningcommittedadj

尽心尽力的；坚定的：acommittedmemberoftheteamJournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth.译林新选必

-1commitment

n

[U]投入；奉献beingpreparedtogivealotofyourtimeandattentiontosthbecauseyoubelieveitisrightorimportant：Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment.

[C]承诺；许诺；保证apromiseoragreementtodosth：commitmenttodo/doingsth:Shehasmadeacommitmenttogoingbottle-free.2008湖北

[C]承诺的事/责任：I’moverworkedatthemoment—I’vetakenontoomanycommitments.同义异构：devotion同义异构：makeapromisetodosth抽象名词具体化commit&commitment

语义网络图“发送”错误或非法的事情犯（错误、罪行等）投入承诺；许诺；保证commitment把时间精力金钱等“发送”到某事上把责任义务“发送”到某事上（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证commit投入；奉献发送commit（基本义）承诺的事/责任1.Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingstress.2.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.3.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建书面表达改4.Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.5.Shehasmadeacommitmenttogoingbottle-free.2008湖北本单元金句汇总随堂检测写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thepatientisinacritical

condition._________2.Hemadesomehighlycritical

remarks._________3.Thetalksbetweenthetwoleadershavereachedacriticalstage.

_________4.Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisofcriticalimportance._________关键的极其重要的critical危急的批判性的一、根据句意选出trap的最佳释义。_______1.Shesetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit._______2.Theonlywaytocatchmiceistosetatrap._______3.I’lldescribesomesituationsthatcommonlyarise（出现）betweenteenagersandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.（2010湖北改）bactrapa.（捕捉鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网b.（陷害人的）圈套；诡计c.

牢笼；困境二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Shefelttrappedinherroleofwifeandmother.__________2.Agreenhousestayswarmbecausetheglasstrapstheheatofthesun. __________3.Iwastrappedintosigningmyname.__________使陷入困境储存使中计/使陷入圈套

一、将下列短语翻译成汉语。1.pressreleases__________2.signarelease__________3.releaseinformation__________4.releaseanewfilm__________5.releaseprisonersofwar____________6.releasethecreativepowersofthepeople_______________新闻稿签发释放令透露消息发行新影片释放战俘激发人民的创造性release二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。He____________________（放开了她的胳膊）.2.Don’t______________________________（放开绳索）.3.Theprisonerwasquestioned_______________（在他获得释放之前）.

4.Thenewfilm_______________________（将于下个月发行）.5.AftermyexaminationIhad_________________________（如释重负）.6.Thetrainer________________________________（把鲸鱼放归大海）.releasedherarmrelease(yourholdon)theropebeforehisreleasewillbereleasednextmonthafeeling/senseofreleasereleasedthewhaleintotheseaextend一、翻译下列短语。1.扩建房子

___________________2.延长最后期限__________________3.向某人伸出友谊之手__________________二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Weshalldowhateverwecantoextendourservice.______________2.Carefulusecanextendthelifeofyourwashingmachine. ______________3.Althoughthemarathonisaphysicaltest,thelessonslearnedextendfarbeyondthebody.______________4.Theinspector（检查员）wavedhisarmstoextendawarmgreetingtoGlenn’smother.（2015

湖南改）

______________extendthehouseextendthedeadlineextendthehandoffriendshiptosb扩展延长寿命延伸给予一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.HeshowedusasnakeandMillyscreamed._________2.Throughthesmoke,therescuerscouldhearpeoplescreamingforhelp._________3.Theambulanceracedroundthecornerwithitstyres（轮胎）screaming.

_________二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.Shejumpedtoherfeet,________________________（吓得尖叫）.2.Shesawtheknifeand_____________________（发出一声尖叫）.发出刺耳的声音scream尖叫喊救命screamingin/withfear/terrorgave/letoutascream根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列子。1.Thedevelopmentofthenationaleconomyisa(n)_______________（当务之急）.2.Our_______________（头等大事）istomaintainthecustomer’sconfidenceinourproduct.3.Vehiclescomingfromtheright_______________（有优先权）.toppriorityfirstpriorityhaveprioritypriority一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Thetwosystemsdifferinmanyrespects.___________2.I’mafraidIdiffer

withyouonthatquestion.___________二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子形式。1.Thefindingsofthestudies_____________________（大不相同）

theaccident.2.Itisobviousthathisviews______________________________（不同于）thoseofhisparents.不同differ/varygreatly/widelydiffer意见不一致differfrom/aredifferentfromconclude&conclusion1.Thesearethereports’mainconclusions.

____________2.Theconclusionisjustasimportantapartofyouressayastheintroduction.____________3.Newevidence（证据）mightleadtotheconclusionthatwearewrong.____________结论结尾推论二、根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1.It’ssafeto_____________________（推断出）itisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichfacilitates（促进）dailycommunication.（2014浙江）2.Whatcanwe________________（从……得出结论）Stafford’sresearch?（2009全国）(conclude)3.Ican_______________________（得出结论）thateventhesmallestjobisalsothenecessaryparttokeepthesocietygoingsmoothly.（2013广东改）(conclusion)4.It’simportantnotto_______________________（急于下结论）.Instead,double-checkthefactsandfigures.5._______________________（最后）,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.(conclusion)arriveat/cometo/draw/reachtheconclusionrushtoconclusionsInconclusionconcludethatconcludefromsum一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.IwasgoodatsumswhenIwasatschool.____________2.Thesum

of7and12is19.____________