名词性从句梳理

名词性从句梳理一、名词性从句梳理基础知识回顾知识讲解主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thathewillwiniscertain.他肯定会赢。Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。注意:由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.it为形式主语2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识2)Itis+adj.+从句It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…+(should)+do…3)It+不及物动词+从句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建议……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……2.连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever(Who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthattheearthisround…Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whichstudentwillwinisuncertain.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Whentheywillleaveisnotdecided.Wheresheisfromisunknown.Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.主语从句的规律：

找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.正：Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。例2.Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正：Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.规律二、连词that在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。例3.Ifthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.正：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.规律三、whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能例4.Thatwhetherhewillhelpothersisafact.正：Thathewillhelpothersisafact.规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。例5.Whenhewillcomeareapuzzle.正：Whenhewillcomeisapuzzle.规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。1.Whatheneedsisthatbook.2.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.规律六、what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用it做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。知识讲解——表语从句1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.一、表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because二、引导词的用法1.that在表语从句中既不充当成分,又没有意义。Thefactisthathehasn’tyetrecoveredfromillness.Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.2.whether在表语从句中表“是否”,但不充当句子的成分。if不能引导表语从句.如:Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.3.what在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语表示什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.4.who在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语表示谁.TheproblemiswhocoulddotheworkMytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.5.which在引导表语从句时,常充当定语,表语表示其中哪一个。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.6.由asif,asthough引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,appear,seem等。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而不能由because引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/Thisis/wasbecause…句型中.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.8.当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why,when,where,how等Thisishowhedidit.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.三、表语从句引导词注意事项1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分同位语从句观察下列句子划线的部分。1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.同位语从句1.概念:同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明名词的具体内容。常跟的抽象名词有:Fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion4.连词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.1.由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。（不作成分，不能省略）Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.有消息透露，大学将招收更多的中学毕业生。Thefactthatwelackenoughphonesneedstobeconsidered.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.Ididn'treceivethenewsthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。2.由关系代词引导的同位语从句。（who,what,whatever,whoever等作主语、宾语、表语）Thequestionwhoshouldbethefirsthasnotbeensettled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。Youcanhavenoideawhathesaid.你根本想不到他说了些什么。3.由关系副词引导的同位语从句。（where,when,why,how作状语）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。Theyusuallywriteexactinstructionshowthemusicistobeplayed.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。1.Thesuitfittedhimwellexcept________thecolorwasalittlebrighter.2.Eatwhichevercakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor_______comesinlate.3. Itoldhim_______Iwassurprisedathisattitudetowardshisstudy.4. Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.5LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_______hehaddonethedaybefore.6. _______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.7. Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview.Pleaserememberthegoldenrule；Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly _______hewants.8. _______madetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.9.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.10. Alongwiththeletterwashispromise _______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.11. Iwanttoknow_______thethiefwascaughtonthespot.12. Doris，successliesinthefact_______sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.13. Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof_______youread.14. Thenews_______ ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.15. _______wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.16. Menusuallygostraightto_______theywantandleavequicklywhenshopping.17. Tinawashesitationaboutthejobofferasshedidnotknow_______thecompanywasanestablishedone.18. Thereisnoobviousevidence_______ thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.19. Ihavenoidea _______thejournalistcouldhavegothisinformationfrom.20. _______comeswillbewelcomedtotheopen-airconcert.1.that;2.whoever;3.that;4.whether;5.what;6.that;7.what;8.what;10.what;11.whether;12.that;13.what;14.that;15.what;16.what;17.whether;18.that;19.where;20.whoever强化训练1. _______shecouldn'tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterest,inherlessons.2. Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______ itis.3. Informationhasbeenputforward_______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.4. There’safeelinginme_______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.5. Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s_______ittakestodoanythingwell.6. Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.7. Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneedtobeimproved.8. AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth, _______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.9. Astorygoes_______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt，10.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_______itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.11. Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_______histeammateshaddone.12. _______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.13. Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.14. Ashisbestfriend.Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout _______hewilldoorthink.15. Ithasbeenproved_______eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.16. Itisnotimmediatelyclear_______thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.17. Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof _______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.18. Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis_______shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.19. Whenchanginglanes，adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow____laneheisentering.20. Thereisclearevidence_______themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.1.what;2.who;3.that;4.that;5.what;6.what;7.that;8.what;9.that;10.that;11.what;12.what;13.that;14.what;15.that;16.whether;17.how;18.that;19.which;20.thatSectionD.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(要求运用主语从句的相关句型)1据说船上的人员与犯罪无关。(It；crew)Itwassaidthatthecrewhadnothingtodowiththecrime.2.他在北方的冬季培植黄瓜确实太奇妙了。(cultivate)Itisreallywonderfulthatheshouldcultivatecucumberinthenorthduringthewinter.3.这种药能否治好头痛很难说。(cure)Itishardtosaywhetherthemedicinecancurehimofhisheadache,4.风俗习惯告诉我们的是我们的先人过去经常做的一些事。(What；custom；ancestor)Whatcustomtellsusiswhatourancestorsusedtodo.5.他报名参加100米短跑令所有人担心。（dash)Thatheenteredfor100-meterdashworriedallthepeople.6.为什么他对我们的建议充耳不闻仍然是个谜。（turnadeafearto）Whyheturnedadeafeartooursuggestionisstillmystery.7.众所周知几十年来我们一直在辩论关于污染的问题。(decade;debate)Itisknowntoallthatwehavebeendebatingontheproblemofpollutionfordecades.8.这种植物怎样腐烂，为什么会腐烂仍然是个未知数。（delay）Howandwhythiskindofplantsdecaysisstillaunknown.9.这个小孩是如何蒙骗成年人的，这正是我们要提出的问题。(deceive)Howthechilddeceivestheadultsisthequestionthatwewanttoraise.10.似乎装潢的费用在下降。(It；decoration,decline)Itseemsthatthecostofhousedecorationisdeclining.SectionE.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(要求运用名词性从句的相关句型)1.他应受到表扬的原因是他把全部精力都献给了数学。(deserve；devote)Thereasonwhyhedeservestobepraisedisthathehasdevotedhimselftomathematics.2.他们全力以赴的目标是在天黑以前爬上山顶。(desperate)Theaimtheyweredesperateforwasthattheyhadtoclimbuptothemountainbeforedark.3.使我们感到沮丧的是我们无法理解老师的讲解。(depress；beyond)Whatmadeusdepressedwasthattheteachers'explanationwasbeyondourunderstanding.4.问题是警察是否会详细地描述这一事故。(detail；describe)Theproblemwaswhetherthepolicemanwoulddescribetheaccidentindetail,5.他会否认在银行存过钱，这正是我们已经预料到的。(deny；deposit)Hedenieddepositingmoneyinthebank,whichwaswhatweexpected.6.这仅仅是因为他决心当一名侦探。(determine；detective)Itissimplybecauseheisdeterminedtobeadetective.7.这个地区很混乱，它不再是以前的那个样子了。(disorderly)Theareaisdisorderly,anditisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.8.他解雇这个年轻人的理由是他不服从安排。(dismiss；disobey)Thereasonlorhisdismissingtheyoungmanwasthathedisobeyedhisarrangement.9.她体重减轻是因为她在节食。(diet)Whyshelostweightwasthatshewasgoingonadiet.似乎美国英语和英国英语在发音和拼写上有不同。(seem；differ)ItseemsthatAmericanEnglishdiffersfromBritishEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.SectionE.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(要求运用宾语从句的相关句型)1.我们认为在别人讲话时干扰别人是不礼貌的。(it;disturb)Wedon'tthinkitpolitethatwedisturbotherswhentheyaretalking.2.他们认为人权问题并不是国内问题。(domestic)Theydon'tthinkthattheproblemofhumanrightsisadomesticone.3.他们得出结论：古代妇女在家庭中处于支配地位。(dominate)Theyconcludedthatwomenweredominatedinthefamilyinancienttimes.4.我怀疑我们的钢产量是否会翻倍。(doubt;double)Wedoubtwhethertheoutputofsteelwillbedoubled.5.我不怀疑他们会下载这些数据。(download)Idon'tdoubtthattheywilldownloadthedata.6.我真希望三打饮料在昨天的晚会上被喝掉。(dozen)Iwishthat3dozensofdrinkhadbeendrunkatthepartyyesterday.7.昨天晚会上，我希望我们能喝掉几十瓶饮料。(wish;dozen)Iwishdozensofbottlesofdrinkhadbeendrunkbyusatthepar