三维设计 新课标高考总复习 英语 课时跟踪检测 选择性必修第一册UNIT 5 单元主题训练

1/8UNIT5单元主题训练课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2025·南通模拟)WorkingatabankinNewYorkCityinthemid-2010s,AnnaSackswasnotlivingthelifeshewanted.Sure,shewashappy.Butshewantedtodosomethingthatfeltimportant.Somepeopleseekingmeaningmightreadaself-helpbookorperhapsvolunteerafewhoursaweek.SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticuttoparticipateinAdamah,afarmingprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.WhenshereturnedtoNewYork,herlifewaswithanewpurposeandmanynewskillstomakeherdreamsareality.“OneofthethingsthatreallystuckwithmefromAdamahwashowlittlewastetheyproducedandhowtheyhandledthewastetheydidhave,primarilythroughcomposting(堆肥)，”shesays.TheAdamahprogramopenedSacks'eyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andtheneedtofindsolutions.Soin2017,shebeganwhatshecalls“trashwalking”．Duringtoursaroundhercommunity,Sackspicksthroughgarbagetolookforreusableitems.Soon,her“trashwalking”expandedtoincludecorporatetrashalongwithresidentialtrash.Surprisingly,shediscoveredawiderangeofreallygreatstuff-likeclothing,decorations,andfood—allofwhichshedocumentsonthesocialplatform.UnderthenameofTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforhervideosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerism.“Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleadstoalargeamountofwaste，”shesays.Thefactis,companiesoftenchoosetotrashitemsratherthangivethemawaytopeoplewhomightneedthem.Abigreasonforthiswasteisthewayourcurrenttaxlawsarestructured,Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.Iftheygiveawaygoods,theycanclaimonlyasmallamountasacharitablereductionontheirtaxes.Sacks'mainfocusissimplygettingpeopletopayattentiontohowmanyunnecessarythingstheybuyandthenthrowaway.“Onceyoubecomeawareofthewayyouconsume,youcanseewaysyouimprove，”shesays.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AnnaSacks参加农业项目Adamah的经历。她通过学习可持续生活和种植可持续食物，改变了生活目标和技能。同时，她也希望引起人们对于过度购买和浪费的关注，从而作出改变。1．WhydidAnnaSacksleaveNewYork?A．Tolearnhowtogrowfood.B．Topursueamoremeaningfullife.C．Torealizeherdreamasavolunteer.D．Toaccepttheinvitationfromaprogram.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段“Workingatabank...thatfeltimportant.”以及第二段“Somepeopleseekingmeaning...growingsustainablefood.”可知，AnnaSacks离开纽约是因为她想过更有意义的生活。故选B。2．WhatimpressedAnnaSacksmostabouttheAdamahprogram?A．Thesignificanceoftrashwalking.B．Thehardtruthofconsumerculture.C．Thesustainablefoodpeopleproduced.D．Thewaypeopletheredealtwiththewaste.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘Oneofthethings...throughcomposting(堆肥)，’shesays.”可知，那里的人们处理废物的方式给AnnaSacks留下了最深的印象。故选D。3．Whatmakescompaniesprefertothrowoutgoodsastrash?A．Thetaxrefund.B．Thetaxreduction.C．Theoverproduction.D．Thepoorqualityofgoods.解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thefactis,companies...Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.”可知，退税让公司更愿意把商品当垃圾扔掉。4．WhatcanwelearnfromAnnaSacks'story?A．Consumercultureaccountsforwasting.B．Corporatetrashoutweighsresidentialtrash.C．Turningtofarmingleadstosustainableliving.D．Trashwalkingisthekeytobecomingwealthy.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段并通读全文可知，AnnaSacks的故事告诉我们，消费文化导致了过度生产、过度消费和大量的浪费。BErikKobayashi-SolomonspentadaywithDrPaulGauthier,aplantphysiologistspecializinginverticalfarmingresearchandcameupwithseveralimportantideasaboutverticalfarming.Humanshave12,000yearsofexperiencegrowingfood,butonlyageneration'sorsoworthofexperiencegrowingcropsindoors.Wearestillprogressingupthetechnologylearningcurve(学习曲线).What'smore,traditionalfarmingtechniquesarebasedonconditionsthatarenotapplicabletoverticalfarming.Therefore,withouttakingtimetounderstandthescience,verticalfarmingisnotlikelytobeabletoliveuptoitsimpliedpromises.ThecostofpoweringLEDgrowlightsisoneofthebiggestproblemsaverticalfarmmustovercome.DrLouisAlbrightatCornellUniversityhascharacterizedverticalfarmsas“pie-in-the-sky”businesses.Hefamouslycalculates,forinstance,thatthecostofaloafofbreadwouldbeD|S24iffarmedindoors—thecostistoohigh.Gauthieracknowledgesthatenergypricesarehighbutpointsoutthatscientificworkhasshownthatonlyabout6%ofavailablesunlightisusedincropphotosynthesis(光合作用),sotheremaybewaysofgrowingthesameplantswithlesslight.Gauthieralsopointsoutthatwhileenergycostsareabithigh,verticalfarmingdoescreatehighefficienciesinotherareas.Waterusagemaybesignificantlyreducedbecausethesamewatercanberecycledtimeandagain.Fertilizerusecanbegreatlyreducedandpesticidesforpestcontrolareunnecessary.It'sclearthatverticalfarmingoffersrealvaluetosociety.Thefutureisprobablymixed.Insomeenvironments—theMiddleEast,forinstance—amovetoverticalfarmingisano-brainer.AnindoorfarminSaudiArabia,forinstance,canusesolarenergytopowerLEDsatlowcostwithoutshadingoutotherfarmland.Inothergeography,though,theexpenseofestablishingafacilityplacesahighbartogrowthandprofitability.Alargeverticalfarmingandequipmentoperationonlystartedgeneratingasmallprofiteightyearsintoitsnine-yearlife.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农场的相关信息以及有关垂直农场应用价值的不同看法。5．WhatcanweinferaboutverticalfarminginParagraph2?A．Itwillreplacetraditionalfarmingoneday.B．Itreliesonresearchofmorebasicscience.C．Itcanbeapplicabletodifferentconditions.D．Itactuallycameintobeing12,000yearsago.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What'smore,traditionalfarming...itsimpliedpromises.”可知，垂直农业依赖于更多基础科学的研究。故选B项。6．WhatdoesDrAlbrightthinkofverticalfarms?A．Theyuselesslightthantraditionalones.B．Theymayseemveryunlikelytosucceed.C．Theycanovercomemanyproblemsinfarming.D．Theydonotneedanynaturalsunlightanylonger.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，为LED植物生长灯供电的成本是垂直农场必须克服的最大问题之一。康奈尔大学的路易斯·奥尔布赖特博士将垂直农场描述为“空中楼阁”的生意。由此可知，奥尔布赖特博士认为垂直农业似乎不太可能成功。故选B项。7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thewaysofreducingcostsofverticalfarming.B．Thesecretsofdevelopingverticalfarming.C．Therecenttrendofverticalfarming.D．Thebenefitsofverticalfarming.解析：选D段落大意题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这一段讲述了垂直农业的好处。故选D项。8．Whyistheexampleof“anindoorfarminSaudiArabia”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowverticalfarmingcanworkwellinsomeplaces.B．ToprovesolarenergyisvitalforfarminginSaudiArabia.C．Toconfirmtheexpenseofsettingupaverticalfarmishigh.D．Toarguevegetablesdonotneedtobeimportedanylonger.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anindoorfarm...growthandprofitability.”可知，文中提到这一实例是为了说明垂直农业系统在某些地方可以很好地运作。故选A项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Includingchildreninthefarminglifestylehasmanybenefits.Sure,itisnicetohavetheadditionalhelpwithchores(家庭杂务),butitalsofosterssomuchgrowth,sendingourkidsdownagoodpathtowardswhotheywillsomedaybecome.Itispossiblethatourchildrenwillgrowuptoleadlivesthatdonotincludefarming.__9__Throughcaringforfarmanimals,kidslearnthatinlifeothersoftencomebeforeself.__10__Itdoesn'tmatterifwedon'tfeellikeitorifwearesickandtired.Whatmattersisthatwetakecareoftheanimalsthattakecareofusanddosoinatimelymanner.__11__Iftheworkonafarmdoesnotgetdone,theoperationfails.Ittakesdisciplineandcommitmenttogetdowntobusinesseveryday,andseeingthisinactionwillgivekidsagoodworkattitude.Theywillknowandunderstandthatnothinggoodcomeseasyandthattheyhavetoworktosurvive.__12__Functioningaspartofaproductiveteamwillsurelybeplayingacrucialrolesoonerorlaterinallwalksoflife.Additionally,farmingteachespatience.__13__Cattlewillbedifficulttocontrol.Horseswillrunawaywhenyoutrytocatchthem.Goatswillkickoverthatbucketofhard-earnedmilk.Aroosterwilldecideyougottooclosetohishensandgiveyouarunforyourmoney.Inspiteofallthat,kidswilllearntobepatientandtakethingseasy.Theremaynotbeanyinstantreward,butinthelong-termkidswillseethebenefitofalltheireffortsduringthoseharddays.A．Atthesametime,theylearntoworkwithothers.B．Farmlifealsoteacheskidsthevalueofhardwork.C．Childrenlearntobegratefulforanimalsforeatingpurpose.D．Teamworkisnolongeranimportantskilltodevelopanduse.E．Therearegoingtobealotofdayswhenthingsdonotgoyourway.F．However,whattheylearnonafarmcanalsobeinstrumentalintheirfuturelives.G．Animalsneedtobefed,watered,andcaredforbeforewegettositdownandrelax.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了孩子们参与农场生活的益处。9．选F根据本段第一句可知，让孩子们参与到农场生活中有很多好处；根据空格前一句可知，我们的孩子长大后可能不再需要干农活。下文介绍了农场生活给孩子带来的好处。F项承上启下，符合语境。10．选G根据空格前一句可知，通过照顾农场里的动物，孩子们了解到：在生活中，别人往往比自己重要。G项与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。11．选B根据空格后一句可知，如果农场的工作没有完成，活动就是失败的。B项能够引出下文，符合语境。12．选A根据空格后一句可知，作为一个高效运转的团队的一部分，迟早会在各行各业中发挥重要作用。A项与下文紧密衔接，符合语境。13．选E空格后列举了几个在农场劳作时可能会遇到的麻烦。E项能够引出下文，符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空FarmingandGardeningAround540AD,JiaSixiewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing__14__：growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,keepinganimals,andfishinlakes.Therearealso__15__formakingwine.JiaSixie'sbookisa(n)__16__guideforfarming.Ifyousowseedsand__17__youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeoftheyear,yourworkwillbelessand__18__willbebetter.Butifyou__19__natureanddothingsatthewrongtimeoftheyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.The__20__ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm__21__.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand__22__weeds.Letsheeporcowswalkonthelandto__23__theweedsoreatthem.Thebestharvestisreached__24__farmerschangethecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantrice__25__inthesamefieldoryouwon't__26__goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidwheatshouldbeplantedwith__27__betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand__28__plantingwheatclosetogetherisbetter.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。14．A.programs B．topicsC．subjects D．events解析：选C从语境来看，本句的下文介绍了一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject(科目，课题)。15．A.instructions B．constructionsC．measures D．treasures解析：选Ainstructions在此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”。16．A.economical B．practicalC．similar D．regular解析：选Bpracticalguide意为“切实可行的指导”。17．A.drop B．increaseC．grow D．throw解析：选Cgrowyoungplants意为“种植幼苗”。18．A.dreams B．endingC．hope D．results解析：选Dresult与空格前面的“yourworkwillbeless”相对应，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”。19．A.argueagainst B．goagainstC．competewith D．dealwith解析：选Bgoagainstnature意为“违背自然(规律)”，符合语境。20．A.application B．situationC．condition D．addition解析：选Ctheconditionofthesoil表示“土壤的状况”。21．A.successfully B．carefullyC．gradually D．frequently解析：选B前句指出土壤状况很重要，本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤，因此选carefully。22．A.remove B．pullC．kill D．reduce解析：选A本句告诉读者，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，removeweeds意为“清除杂草”。23．A.destroy B．preventC．divide D．limit解析：选A让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destroy。24．A.unless B．ifC．until D．when解析：选D最好的收成是当农民在他们的田地里换农作物的时候。因此选when。25．A.oneafteranother B．hereandthereC．nowandthen D．yearafteryear解析：选Dyearafteryear意为“年复一年”，此处表示“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。26．A.win B．collectC．harvest D．plant解析：选C此处表示“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvestgoodcrops意为“收成好”。27．A.holes B．linesC．space D．balance解析：选C此处表示“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，因此选space。28．A.showed B．meantC．intended D．decided解析：选A前面有“Jiadidexperiments”，因此后面应是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选showed。Ⅳ.语法填空Anewstudyshowsthat__1__twocountrieswiththeworld's__2__(large)populationsareleadingtheincreaseingreeningonland.Theeffectcomes__3__(main)fromambitioustreeplantingprogramsinChinaandagricultureinbothcountries.Chinaaloneaccounts__4__25%oftheglobalincreaseinleafarea,butcontainsonly6.6%ofgloballandareacoveredinvegetation(植物).ThegreeninginChinaisfromforests(42%)andcroplands(32%)．China'soutsized__5__(contribute)comesinlargepartfromprograms__6__(protect)andexpandforests.Theseprogramsweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion(侵蚀),airpollutionandclimatechange.Takenalltogether,thegreeningoftheplanetrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaofplantsandtreesequaltothearea__7__iscoveredbyalloftheAmazonrainforest.Thelandarea__8__(use)togrowcropsiscomparableinChinaandIndiaandit__9__(change)verylittlesincetheearly2,000s.Yetthecountrieshavegreatlyincreasedboththeirannualtotalgreenleafarea__10__theirfoodproduction.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上两个人口大国——中国和印度——在改善土地绿化方面处于领先地位，其主要原因在于中国宏伟的植树计划和两国的农业。1．the考查冠词。此处特指“世界上两个人口最多的国家”，twocountries后有介词短语withtheworld's...修饰，其前要加定冠词，故填the。2．largest考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“世界范围内最多的”，故填最高级largest。3．mainly考查副词。此空修饰动词短语comesfrom，应用