安徽省A10联盟2025届高三下学期5月最后一卷英语试题【含答案解析】

A10联盟2025届高三5月最后一卷英语试题本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。请在答题卡上作答。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhydoesthewomancometoChina?A.Totakeherholiday.B.Togoonbusiness.C.Tostudy.2.Whatwillthewomando?A.Writeareport.B.Goshopping.C.Gohome.3.Whendoesthetalentshowstartthisweek?A.At9:00.B.At10:00.C.At11:00.4.Whatmakesthemanfeelrelieved?A.Finishingacampaign.B.Keepinghimselfoccupied.C.Completinghismeeting.5.WhenwillCharliehavetheinterview?A.Tomorrow.B.Inaweek.C.Intwoweeks.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Acomputermuseum.B.Advancesincomputertechnology.C.Alibrarywithexamplesofoldtechnology.7.WhatisthePowerBook100?A.A$700,000computer.B.Amachinefrom1976.C.Theoriginalportablecomputer.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatisthewoman’sopinionaboutthecomputerscreen?A.Big.B.Nice.C.Stylish.9.Whatbringsthemanabitoftrouble?A.Thescreen.B.Thekeyboard.C.Themouse.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whereisthewomannow?A.InLondon.B.InBristol.C.InKingsford.11.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthelifeinLondon?A.Boring.B.Peaceful.C.Expensive.12.Whatwillthemandothissummer?A.Organizesportingactivities.B.Workasapoollifeguard.C.Teachpeopletoswim.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthemansuggestseeingatfirst?AAcircus.B.Amusical.C.Acomedy.14.Whichofthefollowingislaunchedlastweek?A.TheDancingQueen.B.TakeItorLeaveIt.C.SweetDating.15.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheromanticcomedythemanmentions?A.It’sfunny.B.It’sboring.C.It’sold.16.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodoatlast?A.Attendacomedyclub.B.Enjoytheclowns.C.Seeasilentfilm.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisspecialaboutthedancestudios?A.Theyhavelargedrinkareas.B.Theyarenexttothegym.C.Theyhavefloor-to-ceilingmirrors.18.WhereistheSkateCenterlocated?A.Oppositethereceptionarea.B.Besidethechangingrooms.C.Behindtheswimmingpool.19.Whatmustallmembersdofirsttojointhecenter?A.Paytheannualfeeof$200.B.Fillinapersonalinformationform.C.Getparentalpermissionifover16.20.Howmuchshouldonepayforasingleclassvisit?A.$21.B.$20.C.$19.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUCSanDiegoExtendedStudies:FUTURESI.ProgramBasicsTargetGrades:9th,10th,11th,12thDeliveryFormat:OnlineCostRange:$500—$999Contact:(858)534-0804Location:LaJolla,CaliforniaTheUCSanDiegoDivisionofExtendedStudiesFuturesprogramsempowerstudentstopursuepassions,explorenewinterests,andgainpracticalexperiencebeforeenteringcollegeortheworkforce.Coursesaretaughtbyleadingindustryexpertsinhigh-demandfields:Chooseaprogramtostartyourjourney!II.ProgramOfferingsAutoCADDesignprofessionally!Learntocreateprecise2Ddrawingsusinglayers,text,anddimensions.Masterdraftingtechniquestodevelopafullfloorplanreadyforreal-worlduse.DigitalCircuitDesignExplorehowelectronsbehaveinphysicalcomponentsandapplytheseconceptstodesignandbuildeverydayelectronicproducts.iOSProgrammingBuilddynamicappsforiPhone,iPad,andiTouch.DevelopexpertiseinApple’siOSsystemandmasterinteractivefeatureslikeswiping,tapping,andpinching.MachineLearningStudyhowcomputersystemsmimichumanintelligencethroughmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)andapplications.III.ProgramBenefitsFlexibility:Allcoursesare100%online,opentostudentsworldwide.Scholarships:Availableonafirst-come,first-servedbasis—applyearlyforthebestchance!Certification:EarnaUCSanDiegoAwardofCompletion,perfectforcollegeapplicationsandresumes.1.WhatdostudentsgainfromtheFuturesprograms?A.Theabilitytoskipcollegeentranceexams.B.Aguaranteedfull-timejobfromindustryexperts.C.Practicalexperienceandnewinterestexploration.D.AjobofferinLaJolla,Californiaaftercompletion.2.Whichprogramfocusesondesigningandbuildingelectronicproducts?A.AutoCAD. B.DigitalCircuitDesign.C.iOSProgramming. D.MachineLearning.3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthescholarships?A.Giventoallapplicants. B.Basedonacademicgrades.C.Mainlyforlow-incomestudents. D.Higherchanceforearlyapplicants.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇关于加州大学圣地亚哥分校延伸学习部FUTURES项目的介绍，包含项目基础信息、课程设置以及项目优势，旨在为9-12年级学生提供在进入大学或职场前发展兴趣、积累实践经验的机会。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheUCSanDiegoDivisionofExtendedStudiesFuturesprogramsempowerstudentstopursuepassions,explorenewinterests,andgainpracticalexperiencebeforeenteringcollegeortheworkforce.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校延伸学习部的FUTURES项目使学生能够在进入大学或职场前，追寻兴趣爱好、探索新的兴趣领域并获得实践经验)”可知，学生能从该项目中获得实践经验并探索新兴趣。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DigitalCircuitDesign中“Explorehowelectronsbehaveinphysicalcomponentsandapplytheseconceptstodesignandbuildeverydayelectronicproducts.(探索电子在物理组件中的行为，并将这些概念应用于设计和制造日常电子产品)”可知，该项目专注于设计和制造电子产品。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Scholarships中“Availableonafirst-come,first-servedbasis—applyearlyforthebestchance!(先到先得——尽早申请机会更大！)”可推断，早申请的学生获得奖学金的机会更大。故选D。B“Estáslistos?”ThatwasourSpanishteacher’sopeningquestiononourfirstdayofnightschool.Silence.Wemethisquestionwithblanklooks.Mercifully,hetranslateditintoEnglish(Areyouready?).Relieved,weallsmiled.Well,Iwasscared.Ikepthopingtheteacherwouldn’taskmeanythingbecauseIhadnovocabularyandtranslationappswerestrictlyforbiddenintheclassroom.Duringthefirstsixweeksofclass,Icrammedtonsofnewwordsintomybrain,memorizedthemainverbtenses,drilledmyselfonirregularverbs,anddiscoveredsomesimilaritiesbetweenmynewlanguageandthoseIalreadyspoke.IwasalsosurprisedtolearnsomecoolnewthingsuniquetoSpanish.Whoknewtherecouldbetwoverbsfor“tobe”?TobeCanadian,ortobeanengineer,wasnotlikebeingboredorbeinghappyinSpanish.Thisdistinctionrequiredtwodifferentverbs(serandestar).Astimewentbyandmylearningprogressed.Threeyearslater,IwasenrolledinIntermediateSpanishConversationclass.Itcommittedstudentstoengagingwithothersinanunrehearsedway.Oneday,weweretogiveashortpresentationaboutabookwehadreadandthenanswerquestionsimmediately.Withnotesathand,everythingstartedoffwell.ButduringtheQ&A,Istruggledtofindtherightwords,completelyforgottheverbtenses,andstartedusingFrenchinsteadofSpanish.Ilookedforwork-aroundstoexpressideasthathadsuddenlybecometoocomplexformylimitedvocabulary.Anxietysetin,butIdecidedtoaskforhelp.MyclassmatesgraciouslysuggestedthewordsIcouldn’trecall.Itookadeepbreathandrealizedthateventhoughitwasn’tperfect,noonereallycared.WhenIfirstsignedupforSpanishclasses,Ithoughtitwouldbeapurelyacademicpursuit.Ihavecometoseethatyouhavetobereadytolookfoolish,havefun,andgetcreativ:Ifyoucan’tfindtheperfectword,otherswillworkjustaswell.Youhavetoacknowledgethatconnectingwithpeoplemattersmorethanhavingallthe“right”answers.4.Whydidtheauthorfeelscaredonthefirstdayofclass?A.SheknewfewSpanishwords.B.Theteacherspoketooquickly.C.Shewasnervousaboutspeakinginpublic.D.Shewasnotfamiliarwiththeteachingmethod.5.WhatsurprisedtheauthoraboutlearningSpanish?A.Thelargenumberofirregularverbs.B.Thecomplexgrammaticalstructure.C.Thedifferenceinhow“tobe”isused.D.ThesimilaritiesbetweenSpanishandotherlanguages.6.Whathappenedtotheauthorduringthepresentation?A.Shehadtroubleexpressingherselfclearly.B.Shebecameembarrassedtoaskforhelp.C.Sheforgotsomekeycontents:ofthebook.D.Shewasunabletouseherpreparednotesproperly.7.Whatlessondoestheauthorlearnaboutlanguagelearning?A.Memorizingvocabularyisthekeytosuccess.B.Itisimportanttoalwaysseektheperfectanswers.C.Itinvolvesacceptingimperfectionandtakingrisks.D.Groupworkismoreimportantthanindividualstudy.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己学习西班牙语的经历。从夜校第一天因词汇量匮乏而害怕，到学习过程中发现西班牙语中“tobe”使用的独特之处，再到三年后在中级西班牙语会话课展示时遇到表达困难，最后领悟到语言学习要接受不完美并勇于尝试。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ikepthopingtheteacherwouldn’taskmeanythingbecauseIhadnovocabularyandtranslationappswerestrictlyforbiddenintheclassroom.(我一直希望老师不要问我任何问题，因为我没有词汇量，而且课堂上严禁使用翻译应用程序)”可知，作者在第一天上课感到害怕是因为她认识的西班牙语单词很少。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“IwasalsosurprisedtolearnsomecoolnewthingsuniquetoSpanish.Whoknewtherecouldbetwoverbsfor“tobe”?TobeCanadian,ortobeanengineer,wasnotlikebeingboredorbeinghappyinSpanish.Thisdistinctionrequiredtwodifferentverbs(serandestar).(我还惊讶地了解到一些西班牙语特有的很酷的新知识。谁知道“tobe”会有两个动词呢？在西班牙语中，成为加拿大人或成为工程师，与感到无聊或开心的表达方式不一样。这种区别需要两个不同的动词（ser和estar）)”可知，学习西班牙语时，“tobe”用法的不同让作者感到惊讶。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ButduringtheQ&A,Istruggledtofindtherightwords,completelyforgottheverbtenses,andstartedusingFrenchinsteadofSpanish.Ilookedforwork-aroundstoexpressideasthathadsuddenlybecometoocomplexformylimitedvocabulary.(但在问答环节，我很难找到合适的词，完全忘记了动词时态，还开始用法语而不是西班牙语。我试图用变通的方式来表达那些突然因我有限的词汇量而变得过于复杂的想法)”可知，在展示过程中作者难以清晰地表达自己。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ihavecometoseethatyouhavetobereadytolookfoolish,havefun,andgetcreative:Ifyoucan’tfindtheperfectword,otherswillworkjustaswell.Youhavetoacknowledgethatconnectingwithpeoplemattersmorethanhavingallthe“right”answers.(我逐渐明白，你必须准备好出丑，享受乐趣并发挥创造力：如果你找不到完美的词，其他词也一样能用。你必须承认，与人交流比找到所有“正确”答案更重要)”可推断，作者领悟到语言学习要接受不完美并勇于冒险尝试。故选C。CPlantsundergoingstress,suchasdroughtorinsectdamage,usevariousstrategiestodefendthemselvesandwarnothersof:danger.Somereleasestrongsmells,whileothers:changecolorandshape.Arecentstudyfoundthatstressedplantsevenproducepoppingorclickingsounds.However,humanscannothearthembecausetheyareatfrequenciesbeyondourhearingrange.Fortheirresearch,Dr.LilachHadanyandherteamatIsrael’sTelAvivUniversityselectedtomatoandtobaccoplants.Theystressedsomeplantsbyeithernotwateringthemforafewdaysorcuttingtheirstems.Theteamthenusedspecialmicrophonestorecordthesounds,firstinasoundproofroomandlaterinanoisiergreenhouse.Ananalysisusingaspecialalgorithmfoundthattheunstressedplantsmadelittletonosound.However,thestressedplantsweremuchnoisier.Theyemittedupto40clicksandpopsperhour,dependingonthespecies.Interestingly,themoisture-lessplantsbeganmakingnoisebeforeanyvisiblesignsofdehydration,suggestinganearly-warningmechanism.Thesoundsincreasedastheplantbecamedrier,butstoppedcompletelyonceitdriedout.Thescientistssuspectthatthesesoundsmayresultfromairbubblesformingandcollapsingwithintheplant’swatertransportsystem.“Unstressedplantsemittedlessthanonesoundperhour,onaverage,”saidHadany.“Thestressedplants-bothwater-deprivedandinjured—emitteddozensofsoundseveryhour.”Hadanybelievestheseclickingsoundsmaywarnnearbyplantsofdanger.Shealsotheorizesthatanimalswithultrasonic(超声)hearingcapabilitiesmightbenefitfromthesesounds.“Forexample,amoththatintendstolayeggsonaplantorananimalthatintendstoeataplantcouldusethesoundstohelpguidetheirdecision,”sheexplains.Thescientistsbelievetheirdiscoverycouldbeverybeneficialtofarmers.Withclimatechangecausingunpredictabledroughts,theycouldusesound-detectingdevicestoidentifywhencropsneedwaterorextracare.8.WhatistheprimaryfindingofDr.Hadany’sstudy?A.Droughtcausesplantstolosenutrientsrapidly.B.Plantscancommunicatewithhumansusingsound.C.Stressedplantsproducesoundsthathumanscan’thear.D.Stressedplantsreleasestrongsmellsinresponsetothreats.9.Howdidtheresearcherscollectdatainthestudy?A.Byanalyzingplantsoundswithanalgorithm.BByobservingplantcolorandshapechanges.C.Bycomparingplantgrowthindifferentenvironments.D.Byrecordingsoundsfromstressedandunstressedplants.10.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“dehydration”inParagraph4?A.Lackofwater. B.Lossofnutrients.C.Exposuretostress. D.Damagecausedbyinsects.11.Whyisthestudysignificantforagriculture?A.Itallowsfarmerstoprovidetimelycarefortheircrops.B.Ithelpsfarmersidentifyplantdiseasesmoreeffectively.C.Itenablesscientiststodevelopplantsthatneedlesswater.D.Itintroducesanewirrigationmethodforcropsindryareas.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了以色列特拉维夫大学的LilachHadany博士及其团队的一项研究，该研究发现处于压力下的植物会发出人类听不到的声音，阐述了研究过程、声音产生的特点以及这一发现对农业的重要意义。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Arecentstudyfoundthatstressedplantsevenproducepoppingorclickingsounds.However,humanscannothearthembecausetheyareatfrequenciesbeyondourhearingrange.(最近的一项研究发现，处于压力下的植物甚至会发出噗噗声或咔嗒声。然而，人类听不到这些声音，因为它们的频率超出了我们的听力范围)”以及后文研究内容可知，Hadany博士研究的主要发现是处于压力下的植物会产生人类听不到的声音。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theystressedsomeplantsbyeithernotwateringthemforafewdaysorcuttingtheirstems.Theteamthenusedspecialmicrophonestorecordthesounds,firstinasoundproofroomandlaterinanoisiergreenhouse.(他们通过几天不浇水或切断茎来使一些植物受到压力。然后，研究小组使用特殊的麦克风记录声音，先是在隔音室，后来在噪音较大的温室中)”以及第三段“Ananalysisusingaspecialalgorithmfoundthattheunstressedplantsmadelittletonosound.However,thestressedplantsweremuchnoisier.(使用特殊算法进行的分析发现，无压力的植物几乎不发出声音。然而，有压力的植物声音要大得多)”可知，研究人员通过记录有压力和无压力植物的声音来收集数据。故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Interestingly,themoisture-lessplantsbeganmakingnoisebeforeanyvisiblesignsofdehydration,suggestinganearly-warningmechanism.Thesoundsincreasedastheplantbecamedrier,butstoppedcompletelyonceitdriedout.(有趣的是，缺水的植物在出现任何明显的____迹象之前就开始发出声音，这表明存在一种早期预警机制。随着植物变得更干燥，声音会增加，但一旦植物完全干枯，声音就会完全停止)”可知，结合“moisture-less”（缺水的）“drier”（更干燥的）“driedout”（完全干枯）可知，“dehydration”意思为缺水。故选A。11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Withclimatechangecausingunpredictabledroughts,theycouldusesound-detectingdevicestoidentifywhencropsneedwaterorextracare.(随着气候变化导致不可预测的干旱，他们可以使用声音检测设备来确定作物何时需要水或额外的照料)”可推断，这项研究对农业的重要意义在于它能让农民及时为作物提供照料。故选A。DScientistssayEurope’sEuclidspacetelescopehasdiscoveredabrightringoflightcirclinganearbygalaxy.TheobservedlightisknownasanEinsteinring.TheEinsteinringwasdiscoveredinawell-studiedgalaxycalledNGC6505,about590millionlight-yearsfromEarth.Astronomershavelongknownaboutthegalaxy.Sotheyweresurprisedthatthebrightringhadnotbeenidentifiedbefore.Einsteinringsarerare.Theyformwhenlightfromadistantgalaxyisbentbythegravitationalpullofacloser,massivegalaxy,creatingtheillusionofacircularringaroundthenearergalaxy.TheEinsteinringgetsitsnamefromphysicistAlbertEinstein,who,predictedthatlightwouldbendaroundextremelymassiveobjectsinspace.Thisiscalled,“gravitationallensing(引力透镜效应).”GravitationallensespermittelescopeslikeEuclidtoobservemoredistantandless-brightobjects.Inthelatestproject,researchersfromGermanyuseddatafromEuclidtocreateacomputermodeltodiscovertheEinsteinring.Euclid,operatedbytheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),launchedin2023forasix-yearmissiontostudydarkmatteranddarkenergy.DuringEuclid’searlytestingphase,teammemberBrunoAltierifirstnoticedsignsoftheEinsteinring.Laterobservationsconfirmedanearlyperfectring,whichwasparticularlyexcitingforresearchersspecializingingravitationallensing.LeadstudyauthorConorO’Riordanemphasizedthesignificanceofthisdiscovery.Stronggravitationallenseslikethisarerareandincrediblyusefulscientifically.SincethisEinsteinringisrelativelyclosetoEarthandwell-positioned,itoffersauniqueopportunityforstudy.Usingadvancedmodelingtechniques,researchersanalyzedthelightfromtheringandevenexaminedrawtelescopedatafordeeperinsights.O’Riordansaidtheteam’smodelingoperationswerejustthefirststepinstudyingthenewlydiscoveredEinsteinring.Hesaidthegroupplanstousetheringtoalsostudy“darkmattersubstructures”withinthelensinggalaxy.O’Riordanpredicted,“Euclidisgoingtorevolutionizethefield,withallthisdatawe’veneverhadbefore.”12.WhatsurprisedastronomersabouttheEinsteinringinNGC6505?A.ItwasthefirstEinsteinringeverfound.B.Itappearedinanewlydiscoveredgalaxy.C.Ithadgoneunnoticedinawell-studiedgalaxy.D.ItwasmuchclosertoEarththanotherEinsteinrings.13.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheEuclidspacetelescope’ssix-yearmission?A.Tostudytheformationofgalaxies.B.Toexploredarkmatteranddarkenergy.C.TosearchfornewEinsteinringsintheuniverse.D.Toobservethegravitationaleffectsofmassiveobjects.14.What’safutureresearchgoalusingtheEinsteinring?A.Identifyingnewtypesofgravitationallenses.B.Measuringtheexactdistancebetweengalaxies.C.Examiningdarkmattersubstructuresinthelensinggalaxy.D.Developingimprovedcomputermodelsforspaceobservation15.Whichcouldbethemostsuitabletitle?A.DarkMatterStudyAdvances. B.NewGalaxyFoundNearEarth.C.Einstein’sTheoryProvenAgain. D.EuclidDetectsRareEinsteinRing.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了欧洲的欧几里得太空望远镜在距离地球约5.9亿光年的星系NGC6505中发现了一个罕见的爱因斯坦环。文章介绍了爱因斯坦环形成的原理，发现的过程以及其对于研究暗物质等方面的意义和未来研究目标。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheEinsteinringwasdiscoveredinawell-studiedgalaxycalledNGC6505,about590millionlight-yearsfromEarth.Astronomershavelongknownaboutthegalaxy.Sotheyweresurprisedthatthebrightringhadnotbeenidentifiedbefore.(爱因斯坦环是在一个被充分研究的星系NGC6505中发现的，它距离地球大约5.9亿光年。天文学家早就知道这个星系。所以他们很惊讶这个明亮的环之前没有被发现过)”可知，天文学家惊讶于这个爱因斯坦环在一个被充分研究的星系中一直未被注意到。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Euclid,operatedbytheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),launchedin2023forasix-yearmissiontostudydarkmatteranddarkenergy.(由欧洲航天局（ESA）操作的欧几里得太空望远镜于2023年发射，进行为期六年的任务，以研究暗物质和暗能量)”可知，欧几里得太空望远镜六年任务的主要目的是探索暗物质和暗能量。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hesaidthegroupplanstousetheringtoalsostudy“darkmattersubstructures”withinthelensinggalaxy.(他说该团队计划利用这个环来研究透镜星系内的“暗物质子结构”)”可知，利用这个爱因斯坦环未来的一个研究目标是研究透镜星系内的暗物质子结构。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了欧洲的欧几里得太空望远镜在距离地球约5.9亿光年的星系NGC6505中发现了一个罕见的爱因斯坦环，介绍了爱因斯坦环形成的原理，发现的过程以及其对于研究暗物质等方面的意义和未来研究目标。所以短文的最佳标题为“欧几里得探测到罕见的爱因斯坦环”。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Eatingdisordersareseriousmentalhealthconditionsthataffectaperson’srelationshipwithfoodandexercise,andcansignificantlyimpacttheirself-image.___16___IntheU.S.alone,around20millionwomenand10millionmenexperiencethem.Theyarenotlifestylechoicesbutmedicalissuesthatcanseverelyharmone’shealth.Anorexianervosaandbulimianervosaaretwotypesofeatingdisordersdrivenbythefearofgainingweight.Individualswithanorexiamayavoidfoodforextendedperiodsandexerciseandweighthemselvesmorethaniscommon.Bulimiaischaracterizedbyconsuminglargeamountsoffood,followedbypurging(泻掉)whattheyhaveeaten.___17___Still,peoplewiththeseconditionsmayseethemselvesasoverweightregardlessoftheirbodysize.___18___Binge-eatingdisorderinvolvesconsuminglargeamountsoffoodrapidly,evenwhennothungry,oftenleadingtoobesity.Avoidant/restrictivefoodintakedisorder(ARFID),ontheotherhand,isunrelatedtobodyimage.Instead,individualsavoidfoodduetoitstaste,texture,orfearofchoking.Eatingdisordersoftenarisefromacombinationoffactors.___19___Afamilyhistoryofeatingdisordersincreasestherisk,sodoactivitiesthatemphasizebodyshape,likeballet.Anxietyanddepressionalsoplayarole.Eatingdisorderscanleadtoseverehealthissues,includingdehydration,organfailure,heartattacks,andstrokes.___20___Recognizingsymptomsearlyiscrucial.Ifyouorsomeoneyouknowisstruggling,talktoatrustedadultorseekmedicalhelp.A.Eatingdisordersaffectmillionsworldwide.B.Bothdisorderscanresultinsevereweightloss.C.Girlsaremorelikelytodevelopeatingdisorders.D.Thankfully,recoveryispossiblewithpropertreatment.E.Notalleatingdisordersaredrivenbyweightconcerns.F.Unrealisticbeautystandardsinmediacontributesignificantly.G.Eatingdisordersstopapersongainingthenutrientsheneeds.【答案】16.A17.B18.E19.F20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了饮食失调的类型、成因、危害及应对方法。【16题详解】前文“Eatingdisordersareseriousmentalhealthconditionsthataffectaperson’srelationshipwithfoodandexercise,andcansignificantlyimpacttheirself-image.(饮食失调是一种严重的心理健康状况，它会影响一个人与食物和运动的关系，并严重影响他们的自我形象)”阐述饮食失调是严重心理健康问题及对人的影响，后文“IntheU.S.alone,around20millionwomenand10millionmenexperiencethem.(仅在美国，就有大约2000万女性和1000万男性经历过这种情况)”提及仅在美国就有大量女性和男性受其困扰。A选项Eatingdisordersaffectmillionsworldwide.(饮食失调影响着全球数百万人)，既承接了前文对饮食失调的总体介绍，又与后文美国的具体数据相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】该段主要介绍厌食症(anorexianervosa)和贪食症(bulimianervosa)这两种由害怕增重引发的饮食失调类型。前句“Individualswithanorexiamayavoidfoodforextendedperiodsandexerciseandweighthemselvesmorethaniscommon.Bulimiaischaracterizedbyconsuminglargeamountsoffood,followedbypurging(泻掉)whattheyhaveeaten.(患有厌食症的人可能会长时间不吃东西，锻炼身体，并且比普通人更重。暴食症的特点是吃大量的食物，然后把吃过的东西清除掉)”分别描述了厌食症患者长时间不进食、过度运动和称重，贪食症患者暴饮暴食后会泻掉。B选项Bothdisorderscanresultinsevereweightloss.(这两种失调都可能导致严重的体重减轻)总结了这两种病症的共同结果，符合上下文逻辑。故选B项。18题详解】根据下文“Binge-eatingdisorderinvolvesconsuminglargeamountsoffoodrapidly,evenwhennothungry,oftenleadingtoobesity.Avoidant/restrictivefoodintakedisorder(ARFID),ontheotherhand,isunrelatedtobodyimage.Instead,individualsavoidfoodduetoitstaste,texture,orfearofchoking.(暴饮暴食症是指即使在不饿的情况下也会迅速摄入大量食物，这通常会导致肥胖。另一方面，回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）与身体形象无关。相反，人们会因为食物的味道、质地或害怕窒息而不吃食物)”可知，此段介绍了暴饮暴食症(binge-eatingdisorder)和回避/限制性摄食障碍(ARFID)这两种病症并非由对体重的担忧引发。E选项Notalleatingdisordersaredrivenbyweightconcerns.(并非所有的饮食失调都是由对体重的担忧驱动的)作为段落开头，引出下文对这两种不同类型饮食失调的介绍。故选E项。【19题详解】前文“Eatingdisordersoftenarisefromacombinationoffactors.(饮食失调通常是由多种因素共同引起的)提到饮食失调由多种因素引起，F选项Unrealisticbeautystandardsinmediacontributesignificantly.(媒体中不切实际的审美标准是重要诱因)具体举例说明环境因素，与后文“家族史”“焦虑抑郁”并列，共同解释成因。故选F项。【20题详解】前文“Eatingdisorderscanleadtoseverehealthissues,includingdehydration,organfailure,heartattacks,andstrokes.(饮食失调会导致严重的健康问题，包括脱水、器官衰竭、心脏病发作和中风)”提及饮食失调会导致严重健康问题，后文“Recognizingsymptomsearlyiscrucial.Ifyouorsomeoneyouknowisstruggling,talktoatrustedadultorseekmedicalhelp.(及早发现症状至关重要。如果你或你认识的人正在挣扎，向一个信任的成年人谈谈或寻求医疗帮助)”说早期识别症状很关键，若有人受困扰应寻求帮助。D选项Thankfully,recoveryispossiblewithpropertreatment.(值得庆幸的是，通过适当治疗恢复是可能的)在提及危害后，自然过渡到治疗恢复的可能性，与后文寻求帮助的内容也相呼应。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIcreatedahikingcourseforseventhandeighthgraders,Iaddedacurriculumcenteredaroundmindfulness,writingandcreatingart.Ithoughtthesunwouldshinedownuponus,andwe’dbe____21____fascinatedbynature.Butwhenwehadourfirstclass,itwasn’twhatIhad____22____.Ihadthestudentspilerocksandusedtherockstotalkabout____23____ourlives—choosingjoyoverstress.Mystudentsweren’tintoit.Iwenthomefeeling____24____.Thenit____25____me:theseyoungteenssimplyneededfreedomtoexplore.SoIabandonedmy____26____lessonsandletthemwanderthroughthewoods,observingandenjoyingtheirsurroundings.The____27____wasremarkable.Theirfaceslitupwithjoyeachweek.LivinginnorthernMichigansometimesmeantwewentoutsideinfreezingcoldweather,butgivingthemspaceworked____28____.Theythrewsnowballs,collectedbirdfeathers,____29____thechangingleavesandwatchedasriversflowedby.Oneday,theywere____30____landartwithrocksandautumnleaveswhen:amanappeared,playingaflute.Thestudentsgatheredaroundhimand____31____forhimafterthesongwasover.Oneboyskippedbacktohiscreation,declaring,“I’mso____32____.”Thestudentsdidn’tneed____33____lessonplansorartsupplies.Alltheyneededwas____34____beingoutdoors.Fromthenon,that’sallIgavethem.____35____gavethemspacetoforgetalltheirdailyworriesandbekidsagain.21.A.occasionally B.naturally C.intentionally D.temporarily22.A.comeacross B.putdown C.respondedto D.hopedfor23.A.balancing B.transforming C.controlling D.influencing24.A.rewarded B.defeated C.motivated D.amused25.A.warned B.assumed C.impressed D.struck26A.entertaining B.inspiring C.structured D.well-received27.A.discovery B.change C.performance D.creativity28.A.opportunities B.desires C.wonders D.resources29.A.observed B.folded C.painted D.tore30.A.displaying B.studying C.evaluating D.creating31.A.waited B.applied C.clapped D.searched32.A.delighted B.surprised C.worried D.exhausted33.A.realistic B.flexible C.fancy D.original34.A.just B.also C.even D.hardly35.A.Belief B.Nature C.Distance D.Communication【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.B25.D26.C27.B28.C29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在带领学生户外徒步课程中，从最初按预设课程教学效果不佳，到后来让学生自由探索自然，最终收获惊喜的经历，强调自然给予孩子的力量。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为阳光会照耀着我们，我们自然会被大自然所吸引。A.occasionally偶尔；B.naturally自然地；C.intentionally故意地；D.temporarily暂时地。根据上文“Ithoughtthesunwouldshinedownuponus”可知，作者认为在阳光的照耀下，我们自然地会被大自然吸引，故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但当我们上第一节课时，情况并非我所期望的那样。A.comeacross偶然遇见；B.putdown放下；C.respondedto回应；D.hopedfor期望。根据下文“Mystudentsweren’tintoit”可知，下文提到了学生并不喜欢，可推理出此处说的是实际情况与作者期望的不同，故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让学生们堆石头，并用这些石头来谈论如何平衡我们的生活——选择快乐而不是压力。A.balancing平衡；B.transforming转变；C.controlling控制；D.influencing影响。根据下文“choosingjoyoverstress”可知，下文提到了选择快乐而非压力，可推理出此处说的是平衡生活，故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我回家时感到挫败。A.rewarded得到回报的；B.defeated挫败的；C.motivated有动力的；D.amused被逗乐的。根据上文“Mystudentsweren’tintoit”可知，上文提到了学生并不喜欢，因为学生对自己的课程不感兴趣，所以作者感觉挫败，故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我突然想到：这些青少年只需要探索的自由。A.warned警告；B.assumed假设；C.impressed给……留下印象；D.struck突然想到。根据下文“theseyoungteenssimplyneededfreedomtoexplore”可知，下文说的是这些青少年只需要探索的自由，这是作者突然想到的，故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以我放弃了我有组织的课程，让他们在树林里漫步，观察和欣赏周围的环境。A.