上海市嘉定区高考二模英语试题

2021学年第二学期高三年级模拟练习英语试卷(满分140分考试时间120分钟)I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(10分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.8:00. B.10:00. C.12:00. D.14:00.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:It’s10o'clocknow.Let’ssendoutforsomethingtoeat.M:Buttheprojectisdueintwohours.Q:Whenshouldtheprojectbefinished?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Areceptionist. B.Acleaner. C.Anelectrician. D.Acashier.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Ihaveareservationforasinglewithabath.W:We’resorry,butthesingleroomsarealloccupied.Q:Whatisprobablythewoman?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Q:Whatcanbelearnedabouttherestaurant?A.Ithasearnedfivestars. B.Itisdecoratedwithstars.C.Itisnotverypopular. D.Itisremendedinthenewspaper.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howaboutthisrestaurant?W:Thenewspaperonlygaveittwooutoffivestars.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thejobofsellinghouses. B.Thepriceofthenewhouse.C.Thehouseowner’sparents. D.Theexperienceofthehouseowner.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thisnewhousemustbeveryexpensive.M:Notreally.Theguywho’ssellingthehousehaslosthisjobandhehastomovetohisparents’.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Gotothetown. B.Tourthecampus.C.Giveaninterview. D.Visittheschoolclubs.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:YouwillbeinterviewedbyMr.BergeronMonday.Youshouldbedoneearlyonthisdaysoyoucantourourcampusandthetownatyourleisure.M:Thatsoundsgreat,butyourcolorfulschoolclubsaremoreappealingtome.Q:Whatwillthemanmostprobablydoathisleisure?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Embarrassed. B.Guilty. C.Satisfied. D.Annoyed.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:How'syournewgamemachine?W:Oh,don'tgetmegoing.ItcausedmenothingbuttroublesincethedayIboughtit.Q:Howdoesthewomanmostprobablyfeel?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hehasfoundagoodjob. B.Thejobsearchisfrustrating.C.Hisresumeiswelldesigned. D.Hehastenjobstochoosefrom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Martin!Howisthejobsearchgoing?M:Well,Ihavesentmyresumeandapplicationstoovertenplaces,andIhaveonlygottenoneinterview.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Ittakestoolongtowaitforthefood.B.It’sgoodtoorderfoodfromarestaurant.C.It’sconvenienttoorderinonarainyday.D.Itcostsmuchmoremoneytogoouttoeat.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:It’srainingheavilyoutside.Let’sorderin.W:Soundsgood.Butwe’llhavetowaitoverhalfanhourtogetourfood.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Heisthinkingofbuyingasecondhandcar.B.Heishavingathoroughcheckonthecar.CHeisdoubtingwhetherheshouldbuythecar.DHeisaskingsomeonetolookforabiggercar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Soyou’vedecidedtobuythatracingcar,haven’tyou?M:Well,I’mhavingsecondthoughtsaboutthat.It’ssuchabigdecisionforme.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hedoesn’tknowthequickestwaytotheairport.B.Hemaynotbeabletoarriveattheairportintime.C.Thetrafficistooheavyforhimtogettotheairport.D.Thewomanshouldarriveattheairport40minutesearlier.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Pleasetakemetotheairportquickly,orI’llmisstheplane.M:Idon’tknow,butI’lltry.Withthetrafficsoheavyitwilltakeatleastfortyminutes.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionB(15分)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Whynotetakingisimportant. B.Howtotakenotes.C.Wheretoleavespacesandlines. D.Whattoolscanbeused.12.A.A.Mapping. B.Writing. C.Listening. D.Circling.13.A.Theyaremoreenjoyableandeasiertoread.B.Theycanhelptoaddsomeinformationlater.C.Theyareimportantfordoingjobsinthefuture.D.Theyareusefulingettingeverysinglewordsaid.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】Today,let’sbeginwithnotetakingtechniques.Notetakingisanimportantskillnotonlyfortakingclasses,butalsofordoingyourjobinthefuture.I’dliketodrawyourattentiontocertainpointsabouttakingnotes.First,rememberthatnotetakingshouldbe75%listeningandonly25%writing,sodon’ttrytowritedowneverysinglewordthattheteachersays.Ignorewhatisunimportantandwriteinphrases,notpletesentences.Second,leavespacesandlinesbetweenmainideas.Youmaywanttoaddsomeinformationlater.Ifindthatsomeofyouareverygoodatmakinguseofcolor,mappingwebs,andsymbolssuchasarrows,circlesandboxes.Ihighlyremendthesetoolstoallofyou,becausetheuseofthemmakestheoutlinemoreeasilyreadableandinterestingthantheblocksoftext.Italsomakessurethatimportantwordsstandout.Questions:1.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?2.Accordingtothespeaker,whatactivityshouldwefocusonwhentakingnotes?3.Accordingtothespeaker,whyaretoolslikesymbolsremended?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Differenttypesofpollution. B.Someeffectsofpollution.C.Thepreventionofnoisepollution. D.Noiseisakindofpollution.15.A.Theycan’tbeheardallthetime.B.Theyarenotfamiliartomostpeople.C.Theyonlyexistintheremotecountryside.D.They’vebeeapartofourdailylife.16.A.Tofindoutallthesourcesofnoisepollution.B.Tobeemoresensibleofoursurroundings.C.Torealizetheimportanceofprotectingourselvesfromit.D.Tochangethewayofmakingnoiseinournormallife.【答案】14.D15.D16.C【解析】【原文】Ifyoupayattentiontothenews,youmostlikelyareveryfamiliarwiththefactthatpollutionisanissue.UncleanindustriessincetheIndustrialRevolutionhavepumpedmanydifferentpollutantsintoourenvironment.Noisepollutionissomethingthatisnotoftendiscussedbecauseitisdeeprootedinyournormaldaytodayroutine.Unlessyouliveintheremotecountryside,youaremostlikelyattackedbynoiseatallhoursoftheday;thesenoisesarewhatmakeupnoisepollution.Thesoundofyourairconditioner,streetnoisefromcars,aplaneflyingoverhead,andevenyourneighbormowingtheirlawnatthecrackofdawnareallsourcesofnoisepollution.Whilethesearealwayspresent,mostpeopletunethemoutandlivetheirdaynormally.Whileyoumaynotnoticethesenoises,yourearsdefinitelysensethem,andovertimenoisepollutioncanhaveharmfulimpactsonpublichealth.Understandinghownoisepollutionmayimpactyounegativelycanenableyoutounderstandwhyitisimportanttoprotectyourselffromsurroundingnoise.Questions:1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Accordingtothepassage,whyisnoisepollutionalwaysneglectedbypeople?3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofunderstandingthenegativeimpactofnoisepollution?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Thebookstheyarereadingrecently. B.Abookclubthewomanremends.C.Themeetingthewomanwillattend. D.Astorythatthemanisinterestedin.18.A.Onceamonth. B.Onceaweek.C.Everyevening. D.Everytwoweeks.19.A.Sharesthoughtswithothers. B.Remendsittoothers.C.Arrangesameeting. D.Writesastoryherself.20.A.TheBeautifulMind B.PaperTownsC.TheGreatGatsby D.TheKiteRunner【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.D【解析】【原文】W:Hey,John.CanItalktoyouforaminute?M:Sure,what’sup?W:IwantedtoletyouknowaboutabookclubIjoinedafewmonthsago.Iknowyoudoalotofreading,soIthoughtyoumightwanttoewithmenextmonth.M:Oh,thatsoundslikefun.Whendoesthegroupmeet?W:UsuallythelastSaturdayofthemonthat7:30intheevening.Isthattoolateforyou?M:No,Ithinkthat’sokay.Whatdoyoutalkaboutinthegroup?W:Well,everymonthwechooseanewbook.Andthenduringthenextmeeting,wediscussit.M:Whatbookshaveyouread?W:Quitealot.RecentlywehavereadTheBeautifulMind,PaperTownsandTheGreatGatsby.NowwearereadingTheKiteRunner.M:TheKiteRunner?I’veheardthat’sagoodbook.Whatisitabout?W:It’sastoryaboutaboywhogrowsupinAfghanistanduringthe1980sandstrugglestofindhisplaceintheworldbecauseoftheresultsofaseriesofextremelyunpleasantchildhoodevents.M:Thatsoundsinteresting.I’dlovetoe.W:Great!Thenextmeetingwillbeheldintwoweeks,soyoustillhavetimetoreadthebook.M:OK.Questions:1.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?2.Howoftendoesthebookclubholdanactivity?3.Whatdoesthewomanusuallydoafterreadingabook?4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthemangoingtoread?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WillRobotsTakeYourJobintheFuture?In2013,researchersatOxfordUniversitydidastudyonthefutureofwork.Theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshaveahighriskof____21____(automate)bymachines.Machinelearningisthetechnologythat’sresponsibleformostofthissituation.It’sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificialintelligence.Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandimitatesomeofthethings____22____humanscando.Machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustryintheearly1990s.Itstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks.Itstartedwiththings____23____assessingcreditriskfromloanapplications,sortingthemailbyreadinghandwrittencharactersfromzipcodes.Overthepastfewyears,we____24____(make)dramaticbreakthroughs.Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar,far____25____(plex)tasks.In2012,Kagglechallengeditsmunity____26____(build)analgorithm(算法)thatcouldgradehighschoolessays.Thewinningalgorithmswereabletomatchthegradesgivenbyhumanteachers.Now,____27____(give)therightdata,machinesaregoingtooutperformhumansattaskslikethis.Ateacher____28____read10,000essaysovera40yearcareer.Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes.Wehavenochanceofpetingagainstmachinesonfrequent,highvolumetasks.Buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescan’tdo.____29____machineshavemadeverylittleprogressisindealingwithnovelsituations.Theycan’thandlethingstheyhaven’tseenmanytimesbefore.Thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearningisthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata.Now,humansdon’t.Wehavetheabilitytoconnectseeminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblemswe’veneverseenbefore.Machinescannotpetewithuswhenitestodealingwithnovelsituations,andthis_____30_____(put)afundamentallimitonthehumantasksthatmachineswillautomate.【答案】21.beingautomated22.that23.like24.havemade25.moreplex26.tobuild27.given28.may##might29.Where30.puts【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍未来机器人会取代你的工作吗。【21题详解】考查动名词。句意：他们得出的结论是，几乎每两份工作中就有一份具有被机器自动化的高风险。根据句意可知，“almostoneineverytwojobs”与“automate”是被动关系，需要被动语态。of后接动名词形式，所以填动名词的被动语态。故填beingautomated。【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它允许机器从数据中学习并模仿人类可以做的一些事情。someofthethings为先行词，作定语从句的宾语，关系代词为that。故填that。【23题详解】考查介词。句意：它从像评估贷款申请的信用风险开始，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮件。根据句意可知，需填介词like。故填like。【24题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去几年中，我们取得了巨大的突破。根据时间状语Overthepastfewyears可知，此处用现在完成时。故填havemade。【25题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填moreplex。【26题详解】考查非谓语。句意：2012年，Kaggle给当地学校出了个难题，设计一个算法来评判高中作文。分析句子可知，此处应用不定式tobuild作目状语。故填tobuild。【27题详解】考查非谓语。句意：现在，如果被给与正确的数据，机器将在这样的任务中胜过人类。本句为非谓语动词，与machines在逻辑上是被动关系。所以用过去分词。故填given。【28题详解】考查情态动词。句意：一名教师在40年的职业生涯中可能阅读10000篇论文。根据后文“Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes.”（一台机器可以在几分钟内阅读数百万篇文章。）可知，此处是在做一种推断，且没有具体事实支撑，故可能性相对较小。故填may或者might。【29题详解】考查副词。句意：机器在处理新情况方面进展甚微。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，且缺少表示地点的连接词where，故用副词where引导主语从句。故填Where。【30题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在处理新情况时，机器无法与我们竞争，这对机器将自动化的人工任务造成了根本限制。分析句子可知，上文的“cannot”和“es”都是一般现在时，此处也需一般现在时，且主语为this，故此处填puts。故填puts。SectionB(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.paceB.registeredC.assessD.baselineE.reverseF.shiftingG.productionH.fundamentalI.pointingJ.invisibleK.acknowledgedChemicalPollutionHasPassedSafeGlobalLimitChemicalpollutionthreatensEarth’ssystemsbydamagingthebiologicalandphysicalprocessesthatsupportalllife.Forexample,pesticides(杀虫剂)wipeoutmanynontargetinsects,whichare____31____toallecosystemsand,therefore,tothesupplyofcleanair,waterandfood.“Therehasbeenanincrease50timesinthe____32____ofchemicalssince1950andthisisprojectedtobeethreetimesasmuchagainby2050,”saidPatricia,whowaspartofthestudyteam.“The____33____thatsocietiesareproducingandreleasingnewchemicalsintotheenvironmentisnotinagreementwithstayingwithinasafeoperatingspaceforhumanity.”Determiningwhetherchemicalpollutionhascrossedaplanetaryborderisplexbecausethereisnoprehuman____34____,unlikewiththeclimatecrisisandthepreindustriallevelofCO2intheatmosphere.Thereareahugenumberofchemicalpounds____35____foruse—about350,000—andonlyatinyproportionofthesehavebeenassessedforsafety.Sotheresearchusedabinationofmeasurementsto____36____thesituation.Theseincludedtherateofproductionofchemicals,whichisrisingrapidly,andtheirreleaseintotheenvironment,whichishappeningmuchfasterthantheabilityofauthoritiestotracktheeffects.Thewellknownnegativeeffectsofsomechemicalswerealsopartoftheassessment.Thescientists____37____thatthedatawaslimitedinmanyareas,butsaidtheweightofevidencepointedtoabreakoftheplanetaryboundary.“There’sevidencethatthingsare____38____inthewrongdirectioneverystepoftheway,”saidProfBethanieCarneyAlmroth,whowaspartoftheteam.“Forexample,thetotalmassofplasticsnowisgreaterthanthetotalmassofalllivingmammals(哺乳动物).Thattomeisaprettyclearindicationthatwe’vecrossedaborder.We’reintrouble,buttherearethingswecandoto____39____someofthis.”Patriciasaidthat____40____toacirculareconomywasreallyimportantandthatmeantchangingmaterialsandproductssotheycanbereused.”【答案】31.H32.G33.A34.D35.B36.C37.K38.I39.E40.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是化学污染已超过全球安全限度的事实。解决该问题应该转向循环经济。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，杀虫剂消灭了许多非目标昆虫，这些昆虫是所有生态系统的基础，因此是清洁空气、水和食物供应的基础。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据空后的tothesupplyofcleanair,waterandfood可知，这些昆虫是所有生态系统的基础。fundamental为形容词，意为“基础的”，符合句意。故选H。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：自1950年以来，化学品的产量增加了50倍，预计到2050年，这一数字将再增加三倍。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据空前的increase50times，表示的是产量增加。production为名词，意为“产量”，符合句意，故选G。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：各个社会生产和向环境释放新化学品的速度不符合人类在一个安全操作空间内的要求。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词做主语。句中的that引导的是同位语从句，对设空处的“速度”进行解释。pace是名词，意为“速度，步伐”，符合题意。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：确定化学污染是否跨越了地球的边界是很复杂的，因为与气候危机和工业化前大气中的二氧化碳水平不同，在人类出现之前是没有相应的衡量基准的。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词做表语。根据前文的aplanetaryborder以及后文的thepreindustriallevel可知，此处应该并列的是“底线，准则”。baseline为名词，意为“底线”，符合题意。故选D。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：登记使用的化合物数量庞大，约有35万种，其中只有很小一部分经过了安全评估。句中的are为谓语动词，设空处应该使用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。register为动词，意为“登记，注册”，其过去分词为registered，故选B。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，该研究使用了多种测量方法来评估情况。根据句子结构可知，设空处与to构成todo不定式作目的状语。assess为动词，意为“评估”，符合句意。故选C。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们承认，在许多领域的数据是有限的，但他们表示，证据的重要性指向了地球边界的突破。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写动词作谓语。同时句子描述的是过去的事实，故应该使用一般过去时。acknowledge为动词，意为“承认，熟知”，其过去式acknowledged，符合句意。故选K。【38题详解】考查现在进行时。句意：这里有证据表明，每一步都在朝着错误的方向发展。根据句子结构可知，设空处与are构成现在进行时，表示动作正在发生或持续的状态。point为动词，意为“指向”，现在分词为pointing。符合句意。故选I。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们陷入了困境，但我们可以做一些事情来扭转一些局面。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写动词与空前的to构成todo不定式作目的状语，根据居中的but可知前后的内容是转折的即我们可以做一些事情来扭转当前的局面。reverse为动词，意为“转变，扭转”，符合句意。故选E。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：转向循环经济非常重要，这意味着改变材料和产品，，以便它们可以被重复利用。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写动名词做主语。根据空后的changingmaterialsandproducts可知，设空处应该表达的是“转向循环经济”，才能解决该问题。shift为动词，意为“转变，改变”，其动名词为shifting，符合句意，故选F。III.ReadingprehensionSectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Fearofpublicspeakingisthesinglemostmonphobia(恐怖症).Nearly75%ofpeopleadmitto____41____this,soyouaren’taloneinyourfear.Itcanrangefromslight____42____toanearlyparalyzing(瘫痪性的)fearandpanic.Formanypeople,thisfearissogreatthattheyavoidpublicspeakingsituationsaltogether.However,whatifyoucan’tavoidit?Whatifyourjobrequiresyoutospeakinfrontofothersfromtimetotime?____43____,whatifyouaretryingtoearnapromotion?Youcertainlydon’twanttobe____44____duetoaninabilitytospeakinpublic.Hereareafewthingsyoucandotomanageandreduceyourpublicspeakinganxiety.PracticeRelaxationTechniquesWhenyouarefacinganunfortablesituation,yourbodyautomaticallyexperiencesincreased____45____activitysuchasafastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles.Youcanrelaxyourbodyandreducethese____46____withavarietyoftechniques.Deepbreathingcanhelpyoucalmyourbody.Youshouldpracticerelaxationtechniquespriortoanypublicspeaking.____47____PrepareThebetteryouknowyourtopic,thelesslikelyyouwillmakeamistake.Oftentimes,theanxietyassociatedwithpublicspeakingesfromfearof____48____.That’swhyitissoimportanttospendplentyoftimepreparingyourself.____49____yourselfasmuchaspossiblewiththetopicsoyouhaveathoroughunderstandingofwhatyouarepresenting.Then,practiceyourspeechseveraltimessoyouarefortablewiththeentire____50____.Youshouldpracticeinfrontofpeopleandaskfor____51____.Notonlywillthishelpyoubeemoreconfidentspeakinginfrontofothers,butthefeedbackcanhelpyouimproveyourspeakingskillssoyoubeeevenmoreconfident.____52____YourWorriesandHowYouCanConquerThemWhenyou’reafraidofsomething,youmayoverestimatehowoftenbadthingswillhappen.Agoodexerciseistowritedownyour____53____worries.Forexample,forgettingyourmaterial,losingyourplace,technicaldifficulties,aquestionyoucan’tanswer,aboredaudience.Onceyouhavewrittendowneachworry,notedowna(n)____54____solutionforeachone.Knowingyouhavea____55____inplaceshouldthingsgowrongwillhelpyoufeelmoresecureaboutyourpresentation.41.A.causing B.experiencing C.dominating D.spreading42.A.distress B.forgetfulness C.injury D.nervousness43.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile44.A.rebelled B.insulted C.dismissed D.overlooked45.A.physiological B.beneficial C.incredible D.physical46.A.risks B.pressures C.symptoms D.accidents47.A.Specially B.Adequately C.Gradually D.Secretly48.A.showingoff B.runningout C.messingup D.slowingdown49.A.Familiarize B.Equip C.Content D.Examine50.A.preparation B.operation C.occasion D.presentation51.A.success B.encouragement C.feedback D.trust52.A.Forget B.Express C.Share D.Identify53.A.health B.considerable C.specific D.unnecessary54.A.easy B.probable C.fair D.technical55.A.plan B.question C.lesson D.topic【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.D45.A46.C47.B48.C49.A50.D51.C52.D53.C54.B55.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。很多人在公开场合演讲会有害怕的感觉，害怕程度因人而异，文章介绍了三个有助于管理和减少公众演讲焦虑的方法。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：近75%的人承认自己有过这样的经历，所以你并不孤单。A.causing导致；B.experiencing经历；C.dominating支配；D.spreading传播。根据上文“Fearofpublicspeakingisthesinglemostmonphobia(恐怖症).(害怕公开演讲是最常见的恐惧症)”，以及后一句“Itcanrangefromslight2toanearlyparalyzing(瘫痪性的)fearandpanic.(它可以是轻微的紧张，也可以是近乎瘫痪的恐惧和恐慌。)”可知，在公开场合演讲会有害怕的感觉，75%的人经历过，但各自的害怕程度不一。experiencing符合语境。故选B项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可以是轻微的紧张，也可以是近乎瘫痪的恐惧和恐慌。A.distress忧虑；B.forgetfulness健忘；C.injury受伤；D.nervousness紧张。根据上文“Nearly75%ofpeopleadmitto1this,soyouaren’taloneinyourfear.(近75%的人承认自己有过这样的经历，所以你并不孤单。)”可知，很多人会对在公开场合演讲这事感觉害怕，每个人的害怕程度因人而异，有的人只是有一点点紧张的，有的则紧张得无法动弹；nervousness符合语境。故选D项。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，如果你想获得晋升呢？A.Furthermore此外，而且；B.Therefore因此；C.Nevertheless然而；D.Meanwhile同时。根据上文“However,whatifyoucan’tavoidit?Whatifyourjobrequiresyoutospeakinfrontofothersfromtimetotime?(然而，如果你无法避免呢？如果你的工作需要你时不时地在别人面前讲话，你该怎么办？)”可知，你的工作需要你得时不时在公开场合演讲，furthermore，用于支持或扩展之前的陈述，要想在工作中得到晋升，就得不怕在公开场合演讲。furthermore符合语境。故选A项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你当然不想因为没有在公共场合发言的能力而被忽视。A.rebelled反叛；B.insulted侮辱；C.dismissed驳回；D.overlooked忽视，忽略。根据上文“Formanypeople,thisfearissogreatthattheyavoidpublicspeakingsituationsaltogether.(对许多人来说，这种恐惧是如此之大，以至于他们完全避免公开演讲。)”可知，很多人因为害怕，从不在公开场合演讲，这样的人没有存在感，容易被“忽视（overlooked）”。故选D项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你面对不舒服的突发情况时，你的身体会无意识地体验到增加的生理活动，如心跳加快、呼吸困难和肌肉紧张。A.physiological生理的；B.beneficial有益的；C.incredible令人难以置信的；D.physical身体的。根据句中的“suchasafastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles”可知，心跳加速，呼吸困难，肌肉紧张都属于因为突发事件导致的人体的“生理（physiological）”变化。故选A项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以通过各种方法放松身体，减轻这些症状。A.risks风险；B.pressures压力；C.symptoms症状；D.accidents事故。根据上文“Whenyouarefacinganunfortablesituation,yourbodyautomaticallyexperiencesincreased5activitysuchasafastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles.(当你面对不舒服的突发情况时，你的身体会无意识地体验到增加了的生理活动，如心跳加快、呼吸困难和肌肉紧张。)”可知，练习放松技巧可以使“afastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles”这些“症状（symptoms）”减轻。故选C项。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：准备充分。A.Specially特别地；B.Adequately充分地；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Secretly秘密地。此题考查小标题。根据下文“Thebetteryouknowyourtopic,thelesslikelyyouwillmakeamistake.Oftentimes,theanxietyassociatedwithpublicspeakingesfromfearof8.That’swhyitissoimportanttospendplentyoftimepreparingyourself.”可知，要想成功演讲，要在演讲前多花时间，多多了解演讲主题，做“足（Adequately）”准备工作。故选B项。【48题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，与在公共场合演讲相关的焦虑来自于害怕搞砸。A.showingoff炫耀；B.runningout用完，耗尽；C.messingup陷入困境，搞砸；D.slowingdown减速。根据前一句“Thebetteryouknowyourtopic,thelesslikelyyouwillmakeamistake.(你对你的主题越了解，你犯错误的可能性就越小。)”，害怕犯错，即害怕把演讲“搞砸（messingup）”了，会导致焦虑。故选C项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽可能让自己熟悉主题，这样你就能透彻理解你要展示的内容。A.Familiarize使熟悉；B.Equip装备；C.Content使满意；D.Examine检查。根据后半句“soyouhaveathoroughunderstandingofwhatyouarepresenting.”可知，透彻理解演讲内容是建立在熟悉演讲主题的基础上的。Familiarize符合语境。故选A项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，把你的演讲练习几次，这样你就会对整个演讲展示感到舒服。A.preparation准备；B.operation操作； C.occasion场合；D.presentation展示。此处指正式演讲前，你得熟悉一下演讲内容和流程，即对“整个展示（presentation）”做到心中有数。故选D项。.【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你应该在人们面前练习并寻求反馈。A.success成功；B.encouragement鼓励；C.feedback反馈；D.trust信任。根据下文“Notonlywillthishelpyoubeemoreconfidentspeakinginfrontofothers,butthefeedbackcanhelpyouimproveyourspeakingskillssoyoubeeevenmoreconfident.(这不仅会让你在别人面前更自信，而且反馈也可以帮助你提高你的演讲技巧，让你变得更自信。)”，此句中的feedback为复现词，通过在别人面前试着演讲，并得以反馈。故选C项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：确定你的担忧以及如何克服它们。A.Forget忘记；B.Express表达；C.Share分享；D.Identify确认，发现。此处考查小标题。根据下文“Onceyouhavewrittendowneachworry,notedowna(n)14solutionforeachone.(一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。)”可知，写下担忧的事，即“确认(Identify)”令你担忧的事，故选D项。【53题详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一个很好的练习就是写下你的具体担忧。A.health健康；B.considerable相当大的；C.specific具体的；D.unnecessary不必要的。根据下文“Forexample,forgettingyourmaterial,losingyourplace,technicaldifficulties,aquestionyoucan’tanswer,aboredaudience.(例如，忘记你的材料，失去你的位置，技术困难，一个你无法回答的问题，一个无聊的观众。)”可知，这些都是“具体的（specific）”担忧。故选C项。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。A.easy容易的；B.probable可能的；C.fair公平的；D.technical技术的。写下的每个在演讲中担心会遇到的具体的问题，要想见招拆招，得预先拟定相应的解决措施，但也只是“可能”的解决措施，因为前文“Whenyou’reafraidofsomething,youmayoverestimatehowoftenbadthingswillhappen.(当你害怕某事时，你可能会高估坏事发生的频率。)”,可能这些事都不会发生。故选B项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道自己已经有了一个计划，以防出错，这会让你对自己的演讲更有把握的。A.plan计划；B.question问题；C.lesson教训；D.topic话题。根据上文“Onceyouhavewrittendowneachworry,notedowna(n)14solutionforeachone.(一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。)”可知，万一在演讲中出了岔子，每一个担忧的事，都有应对措施，即有解决这些担忧的“计划”。故选A项。SectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Otters,arecute,thisnoonecandeny.Theyhavebigeyes,shortandflatnosesandclaws(爪子)liketinyhands.Theylookevencuterwhentheywearhatsandthrowfoodballsintotheirmouthsasiftheywerebarsnacks,likeTakechiyo,apetotterinJapan.DocumentingTakechiyo’sfunnybehaviorhasearnedhisownernearly230,000followersonInstagram,aphotosharingapp.Takechiyo’sfamereflectsacrazeacrosseastandSouthEastAsiaforkeepingthecutecreaturesaspets.EnthusiastsinJapanvisitcaféswheretheypaytohugthem;Indonesianownersparadetheirpetsaroundonleadsorgoswimmingwiththem,thensharetheirpicturesonline.Buttheseenjoyablephotosmaskatradethatisdoingalotofdamage.Evenbeforetheybecamefashionablepanionsforhumans,Asia’swildottersfacedplentyofthreats.Theirhabitatsaredisappearing.Theyhavelongbeenhuntedfortheircoats,orkilledbyfarmerswhowishtopreventthemconsumingfishes.Thepettrade,whichbeganpickingupintheearly2000sbutappearedtospeedupafewyearsago,hasmadethingsworse.ThenumbersofwildAsiansmallclawedottersandsmoothcoatedotters,twospeciesthatareinhighestdemand,havedeclinedbyatleast30%inthethreedecadesto2019.Theinternationalagreementthatgovernstradeinwildlife,knownasCITES,nowprohibitscrossbordertradeinthesespecies.Butlawsbanningownershipareoftenpoorlyimplemented,asinThailand,orfullofholes,asinIndonesia.Andtheotterkeepingcrazehasbeendramaticallyimprovedbytheinternet,saysVincentNijmanofOxfordBrookesUniversity.In2017TRAFFIC,aBritishcharitythatmonitorsthewildlifetrade,spentnearlyfivemonthslookingatFac