英语●北京卷丨2024年北京市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案

2024年普通高等学校招生高考真题全国统一考试(北京卷)第一部 知识运用(共两节，30分(10小题;每小题1.515分A、B、C、DI’djustarrivedatschool,readyforanotherschoolday.Iwasreadingabookintheclassroomwhentherewasan .“Todayat1:10therewillbeauditions(面试)foramusical.”Myfriendsalljumpedupinexcitementandaskedme,“Willyoubegoing,Amy?”“Sure,”Isaid.Ihadno indrama,butI’dtryoutbecausemyfriendsweredoingit.At1:10,therewasa outsidethedramaroom.Everyonelookedenergetic.Ihadn’texpectedI’dbestandingtherethatmorning.ButnowthatIwasdoingit,I feltnervous.WhatifIwasn’tanygood?Ienteredtheroomandtheteachersmademesaysomelinesfromthemusical.Theythen mysingingskillsandaskedwhatroleIwantedtoplay.Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme.IfeltlikeIhada soIsaid,“Abigrole.”Theysaidthey’dlookintoit.Istartedgettingreallynervous.WhatifIdidn’tgetamainSoon,thecastlistwas .Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting,“Amy,yougotthemainrole!”Sureenough,mynamewasatthetop.Ijuststaredatitandstartedto .Iwassohappy.Aftertwomonthswewereallpreparedandreadytogoonstage.Itwasfun.Andwhenpeoplestarted thatgavemeaboostofconfidence.Itstayedwithmeandmademefeel .Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeanssteppingoutofmycomfortzone.1.A.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.wellB.rollC.standD.go9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.第二节(10小题;1.515分1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白Slowingdowncancontributesignificantlytopersonalgrowth.Takingthetime (rest)allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof (self-aware).Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand (give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.Topractisethis,weneedtoestablishclear (boundary)inourpersonalandprofessionallife.1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood (name)theworld’soldestlivingman.Andwhen (ask)abouthisnewtitle,hesharedthesecret:moderation(适度).Tinniswood, doesn’tsmokeandrarelydrinks,creditedmoderationforhelpinghimstayhealthyduringhislonglife.“Ifyoueattoomuchordotoomuchofanything,you’regoingtosuffereventually,”he1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白Oneday,IsawaboywalkingalongGeorgeStreetwithanarmfulofbooks.Ithought myself,“Whywouldhecarryallhisbooks?”Justthen,somekidsranathim, (knock)hisbooksoutofhisarms.Hisglasseswentflyingandlandedinthegrass.Myheartwentouttohim,andI (jog)overtohim.AsIhandedhimtheglasses,helookedatmeandsaid,“Thanks!”第二部 阅读理解(共两节，38分第一节(14小题;228分A、B、C、DTheLanguageExchangeProgrammeallowsstudentsinpairstocommunicateintwodifferentlanguagestheywishtoshareandlearneachweek.Studentsrecordshortentriesaftereachpartnermeetingnotingthelanguageskillspractisedandthetopicsdiscussed.Eachpairofstudentsmeetsthreetimesthroughoutthetermwithateacherwhodecidesiftheexchangeiseffective.Studentswhosuccessfullycompletetheprogrammewillreceiveonecrediteach.RequirementsforOnewelcomingsessiononthesecondFridayofthe18weeklyone-hourpairWeeklyprogressreportsforallpairAtleastthreepair-teacherOnefive-minutefinalSignThesign-upandregistrationprocessisasStudentssignupandindicatethelanguagestheycanshareandlanguagestheyareinterestedinBasedontheinformationenteredbyeachstudent,potentialpairsareProficiency熟练levelsareconfirmedthroughcourseworkorplacementOnceapairhasbeendeterminedtobesuitable,thestudentswillbecontactedindividuallywithaspecialpermissionnumbertoregisterfortheprogramme.Signingupfortheprogrammedoesnotautomaticallymeanthatyouwillbeabletoregisterandparticipate.Pairsarematchedbylanguagesofinterestandproficiencylevels.Sincetherearemanyfactorsinvolvedinthepairingprocess,notallstudentswhosignupwillbematchedwithapartnerandbeabletoregisterfortheIntheprogramme,studentswill chairdaily B.evaluatetheC.meetteacherseach D.practisetheirlanguageTocompletetheprogramme,studentsarerequiredto development B.participateinpairC.welcomenew D.workonweeklyWhatdostudentsneedtododuringtheIndicatetheirlanguagesof B.SelecttheirownC.Makeindividual D.ChoosetheirWhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilikeddrawing,freelyandjoyouslymakingmarksonthewallsathome.Inprimaryschool,Ilearnedtowriteusingchalks.Writingseemedtobeanotherformofdrawing.Ishapedindividuallettersintorepeatinglines,whichwereabstractforms,delightfulbutmeaninglesspatterns.Insecondaryschool,artwasmyfavouritesubject.SinceIloveditsomuchIthoughtIwasgoodatit.FortheartO-levelexamIhadtopresentanoilpainting.Ifounditdifficult,butstillhopedtopass.Ifailed,withalowgrade.I’dbeenover-confident.NowI’dbeendeclaredtalentless.Butotherchannelsofcreativitystayedopen:Iwentonwritingpoemsandstories.Still,Iwenttoexhibitionsoften.Icontinuedmyhabitualdrawing,whichInowcharacterisedaschildishdoodling(乱画).Inmy30s,ImadepainterfriendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatartHoweverIcouldn’tletmyselfhaveagoatactuallydoingit.Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoilpaints,orwereprintmakersorsculptors,Itookoilpaintingasthetaboo(禁忌)highformIwasn’tallowedtopractice.Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamedthatabigwomaninredapproachedme,handedmeabagpaints,andtoldmetostartpainting.Thedreamfeltsoauthoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy,givingmebacksomethingI’dlost.Accordingly,Istartedbyexperimentingwithwatercolours.Finally,Iboughtsomeoilpaints.AlthoughIhaveenjoyedbreakingmydecades-longtabooaboutworkingwithoilpaints,IhavediscoveredInowpreferchalksandink.IletmylinedrawingsturnintocartoonsIsendtofriends.Itallfeelsfreeandeasy.Un-anxious.Thistimearound,IcanacceptmylimitationsbutkeepBecomingasuccessfulpaintercallsforbeingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraidofwantingtoomuch.Thatdreamremindedmethatthosefearsanddesirescouldencouragemetotakerisksandmakeexperiments.HowdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresultoftheartA. B. C. D.Inher30s,theauthor avoidedoilpainting B.soughtforapaintingC.fanciedabstract D.exhibitedchildWhichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor’s B.C. D.WhatcanwelearnfromthisActionsspeaklouderthan B.HardworkisthemotherofC.Dreamsarethereflectionsof D.CreativeactivitiesinvolvebeingThenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse’svideogameisirresistibletomanySearchingthetermsimulationhypothesis”(模拟假说)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation—aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherit’strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive认知的functionsinthebrainNoknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackboxIfempirical实证的experiencefailstorevealreasoningwon’trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturalandpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworldwebuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors隐喻thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,imaginedtheuniverseasaclockInEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle粒子Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe“computersimulation”metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingaMakean B.IllustrateanC.Givea D.JustifyaWhatdoesthephrase“contingenton”underlinedinParagraph2probablyA.Accepted B.Determined D.DiscoveredAsforKant’sargument,theauthoris A. B. C. D.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviouscontinueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinstoparguingwhethertheuniverseisaturnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesFranzBoas’sdescriptionofInuit(因纽特人)lifeinthe19thcenturyillustratestheprobablemoralcodeofearlyhumans.Here,norms(规范wereunwrittenandrarelyexpressedclearlybutwerewellunderstoodandtakentoheart.Dishonestandviolentbehavioursweredisapprovedof;leadership,marriageandinteractionswithothergroupswerelooselygovernedbytraditions.Conflictwasoftenresolvedinmusicalbattles.Becausearguingangrilyleadstochaos,itwasstronglydiscouragedWithlifeintheunforgivingNorthernCanadabeingsodemanding,theInuit’spracticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.Thesimilarityofmoralvirtuesacrossculturesisstriking,eventhoughtherelativerankingofthevirtuesmayvarywithasocialgroup’shistoryandenvironment.Typically,crueltyandcheatingarediscouraged,whilecooperationhumblenessandcouragearepraisedTheseuniversalnormsfarpre-datetheconceptofanymoralisingreligionorwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerootedinthesimilarityofbasichumanneedsandoursharedmechanismsforlearningandproblemsolving.Oursocialinstincts(本能)includetheintensedesiretobelong.Theapprovalofothersisrewarding,whiletheirdisapprovalisstronglydisliked.ThesesocialemotionsprepareourbrainstoshapeourbehaviouraccordingtothenormsandvaluesofourfamilyandourcommunityMoregenerallysocialinstinctsmotivateustolearnhowtobehaveinasociallycomplexworld.Themechanisminvolvesarepurposedrewardsystemoriginallyusedtodevelophabitsimportantforself-care.Ourbrainsusethesystemtoacquirebehaviouralpatternsregardingsaferouteshome,efficientfoodgatheringanddangerstoavoid.Goodhabitssavetime,energyandsometimesyourlife.Goodsocialhabitsdosomethingsimilarinasocialcontext.Welearntotellthetruth,evenwhenlyingisself-serving;wehelpagrandparentevenwhenitisinconvenient.Weacquirewhatwecallasenseofrightandwrong.Socialbenefitsareaccompaniedbysocialdemands:wemustgetalong,butnotputupwithtoomuch.Henceself-disciplineisadvantageous.Inhumans,agreatlyenlargedbrainboostsself-control,justasitboostsproblem-solvingskillsinthesocialaswellasthephysicalworld.Theseabilitiesarestrengthenedbyourcapacityforlanguage,whichallowssocialpracticestodevelopinextremelyunobviousways.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheformingoftheInuit’smoralLivingconditionswerethe B.UnwrittenrulesweretheC.Socialtraditionwasthe D.HonestywastheWhatcanwelearnfromthisInconveniencesarethecauseoftelling B.BasichumanneedsleadtouniversalC.Languagecapacityislimitedbyself- D.WrittenlawshavegreatinfluenceonWhichwouldbethebesttitleforthis B.TheValuesofSelf- D.TheRootsof第二节(5小题;210分Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性isitbettertobeahedgehog刺猬orafoxAccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes. Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat. Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies. PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation. Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle. Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforTheyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’sHence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandButtherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigHowever,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandWhensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasTheycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheir第三部 书面表达(共两节，32分(4小题;40、41242343512分Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowneffortstobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwantedtodevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,thefirstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.Duringmysecondyear,Ifailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasunclear.Duringmythirdyear,Idiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised想出asomewhatunusualsolutionIwouldspendthreemonthsina(合作的)labtoobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcouldFinallyIconductedanelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersinthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskforhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaytobecominganindependentscientist.Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwiththeresearchWhatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedPleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain>Theadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproducedFromthisstory,whatcanyoulearnabout“independence”?(Inabout40第二节(20分注意：(1)100左右；DearJim,Li2024年普通高等学校招生高考真题全国统一考试(北京卷)第一部 知识运用(共两节，30分(10小题;每小题1.515分A、B、C、D【1~10【答案】1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10