Unit4EverydayEcnomics-高二英语单元速记巧练（外研版2019选择性）-

Unit4EverydayEcnomicsUnit1话题人与社会词汇1.forehead2.sunrise3.input4.phase.5.manufacturer6.bonus7.calorie8.freshman9.interfere10.exceed11.thereby12.supervision短语1.asto至于，关于2．aworldawayfrom完全不同于3．rowuponrow一排又一排地4．startout启程，动身5．makeendsmeet使收支仅能相抵6．interferewith妨碍，阻止7.gointodebt陷入债务之中，负债8．responseto对……的回应9．atrock­bottomprices以最低价格10．rentout出租(房屋、房间、土地等)11．attheexpenseof以损害……为代价12．besubjectto易受……影响，可能会受……影响句型1.Theystaredback，theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhattheywouldsaynext.2.ItwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.3.Nonetheless，whatisinnodoubtisthatthesharingeconomyisincreasinglyrelevanttoourdailylivesaswellastotheglobaleconomy.语法复习定语从句写作社会现象类说明文考点1.Theystaredback,theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhattheywouldsaynext.他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人对接下来会说什么毫无头绪。（1）blankadj.无表情的，木然的；空白的n．[C]空白处【拓展】(1)goblank(脑子里)突然一片空白；fillintheblanks填表/填空ablankexpression/look木然的表情ablankface茫然的面孔blankeyes茫然的眼睛（2）blanklyadv.茫然地；毫无表情地【经典练】①Mymindwentblank.我的脑子里一片空白。②Therewasablankexpressiononherface.她脸上毫无表情。③Pleasefillintheblanks.请在空白处填写。【好句背默】④Atthoseboringmeetings,peopleusuallysitwithablanklook,orwritecarelesslyonblankpaper.在那些无聊的会议上，人们通常面无表情地坐着，或者在白纸上乱涂乱写。考点2.potentialadj.潜在的,可能的n.[U](事物的)潜力,可能性ItwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.正是在从海外的大学毕业,回来看望父母之后,张才意识到它们的潜力。【拓展】(1)achieve/realize

one’s(full)potential(充分)发挥某人的潜能 havethepotentialtodo

sth.有潜力去做某事potentialfor

(doing)sth.(做)某事的可能性(2)potentiallyadv.可能地,潜在地【经典练】①Teachersmakeselflesscontributionsandworkhardtohelpstudentsachieve/realizetheirpotential.老师们无私奉献,努力帮助学生们发挥他们的潜能。②IfyoumasterEnglishverywell,thereisgreaterpotentialforstudyingabroad.如果你英语掌握得很好,出国留学的可能性更大。③Withenoughpractice,youhavethepotentialtosucceedinthespeakingcontestundertheguidanceofexperiencedtutors.在经验丰富的导师的指导下,经过足够的练习,你有潜力在演讲比赛中成功。考点3.purchasevt.购买;采购n.购买;购买的东西AfterIwentonTV,amajorAsianmanufacturerofcosmeticswaswillingtopurchasemyproductandhelpwithitsdistribution.在我上电视之后,亚洲一家大的化妆品制造商愿意购买我的产品,并帮助经销我的产品。 【拓展】purchasesth.from

...从……购买某物purchasesth.for

+金钱花……钱购得某物purchaseby/with用……换取/购买makea

purchase采购【经典练】①Hepurchasedaticketfor25dollarsfromtheboxoffice.他花了25美元从售票处买了一张票。②Thisweekendheisgoingtomakeapurchaseinthesupermarketwithhisparents.这个周末他将和他的父母一起去超市采购。③Friendship,healthandhappinesscannotbepurchasedwith/bymoney.友谊、健康和幸福是无法用金钱来换取的。④Suchcameras,whichcanbepurchasedforlessthan$1,000,arehighlyprofitable.这类相机，售价不到1000美元，性能十分出色。【好句背默】补全句子⑤Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourpurchasewewillgiveyouafullrefund.所购之物若不满意，我们将全额退款。考点4.guidancen.[U]指导,引导...sheadvisesthatpeopleberealisticandseekguidancefromexpertconsultantsbeforerushingintothings.……她建议人们要现实一点,在仓促行事之前要寻求专家顾问的指导。【拓展】(1)under

theguidanceof...在……的指导下guidanceon

...关于……的指导careerguidance就业指导(2)guiden.导游,向导;指南,手册;指导原则v.领路,指引,引导;指导atourguide导游guidesb.to...带领某人去……guidedadj.有指导的；有导游的guidelinen．指导方针；指导原则misguidevt.误导；使误入歧途misguidedadj.帮倒忙的；错误的【经典练】①IhopethatyourEnglishwillmakegreatprogressundertheguidanceofthisBritishteacher.我希望你的英语在这位英国老师的指导下取得长足的进步。②Thevocabularyandgrammaroftheplotneedtobeadjusted,andwealsoneedyourguidanceonourperformance.情节的词汇和语法需要调整,我们也需要您对我们的表演进行指导。 ③Hewillguideyoutothetopofthemountain.他将带领你们登上山顶。考点5.superioradj.质量上乘的,优质的;更好的,占优势的;(在职位、级别上)更高的n.上级,上司Specialfeatures:superior,smoothblend,withmildflavour特点:质量上乘,顺滑的混合口味,并带有淡淡的味道【拓展】(1)besuperiorto

优越于……;(职位、级别)高于……besuperiorin

在……方面优越superiorquality质量优等(2)superiorityn.优越(性);优势superiorityto/over...比……有优势superiorityin...在……方面的优势【经典练】①Ourproductsaresuperiorinqualityandmoderateinpriceandaresuretobesaleableinyourmarket.我们的产品质量上乘,价格适中,在贵方市场上一定适销。②Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatreadingpaperbooksissuperiortoreadingebooksinmanywayswhileothersarguethatreadingebooksismuchbetter.一些人认为阅读纸质书在很多方面优于阅读电子书,而其他人争辩称阅读电子书要好得多。[名师提醒]superior用作形容词时,本身含有“较”的意思,因此没有比较级和最高级形式。表示比其他事物更好时,后面搭配介词to,而不用than。考点6.sorrown.令人悲伤的事,不幸;悲伤,悲痛Parentsandteacherskeepremindingustosharetoys,snacks,books,happymemories,andsometimesevensorrowswithothers.家长和老师不断提醒我们与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆,有时甚至是伤心事。【拓展】(1)joysandsorrows喜与悲in

sorrow悲痛地,悲伤地toone’ssorrow

使某人悲伤的是……great/deepsorrow万分悲痛(2)[近]griefn.悲伤,悲痛;伤心事sorrowfuladj.悲伤的,悲痛的,悲哀的【经典练】①Tohissorrow,hisgrandmapassedawaylastnight.令他悲伤的是,昨晚他奶奶去世了。②Hesanktothegroundandclosedhiseyesinsorrow,feelingextremelyhopeless.他倒在地上,悲伤地闭上眼睛,感到十分无助。③Thesorrowshefeltatthedeathofherhusbandwasalmosttoomuchtobear.她因丈夫去世而产生的悲痛之情简直难以承受。【好句背默】④Ifyoucan'tbeapenciltowriteanyone'shappiness,trytobeaniceerasertoremovetheirsorrow.若是你无法成为一支铅笔来书写别人的快乐，那就尽力成为一块好的橡皮来抹去他们的悲伤。考点7.startout开始(生活、职业、重要阶段)；出发，启程；起初(是)，最初(是)However,likeanyentrepreneurwhowasjuststartingout,shestillhadalottolearn.然而，就像任何一个刚刚起步的企业家一样，她还有很多东西要学。【拓展】startoff(=startout)出发，最初(是)；启程，动身startup创办，组建；启动，发动(引擎)startwith＝beginwith以……开始tostartwith＝tobeginwith首先；起初【经典练】①Whenthebandfirststartedout,theyplayedatsmallclubs.这支乐队刚开始时在小俱乐部里表演。②Weneedtostartout/offearlybecausethejourneywilltakesixhours.我们需要早点儿出发，因为路上需要6个小时。③Istartedoffworkingquitehard,butitdidn'tlast.我一开始非常勤奋，但没有坚持下去。④Shestarted(up)herownsoftwarepany.她创办了自己的软件公司。⑤Tostartwith,weneedbetterputers—thenweneedmoretraining.首先，我们需要更好的电脑——其次，我们需要更多的培训。【好句背默】⑥Thisishoweveryonelearnedtoread.Wewouldstartoffwithsentences,thenparagraphs,andthenstories.这就是每个人学习阅读的方式。我们会从句子开始，然后是段落，再然后是故事。考点8.expensen．费用，花费Somepaniesaretakingunfairadvantageofthissituationtoexpandtheirshareofthemarket,oftenattheexpenseofmoretraditionalandestablishedpanies.一些公司正不公平地利用这种情况来扩大他们的市场份额,往往以损害更传统和老牌的公司为代价。 【拓展】(1)attheexpenseof以损害……为代价atone'sexpense由某人付钱sparenoexpense(indoingsth.)不惜一切代价(做某事)atgreat/vastexpense以巨大的代价(2)dailyexpenses

日常开支living/household/medicalexpenses生活开支/家庭开支/医疗开支【经典练】①Weareboundtocutdownonourexpenses.我们必须削减开支。②Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.如果它在使用第一年就出现故障，我们将自费进行维修。③Somecollegestudentswereaccusedofsparingnoexpenseinenjoyingluxury.有些大学生被指责不惜费用享受奢华。【好句背默】④Itiswrongtomakeeconomicprofitattheexpenseoftheenvironment.以损害环境为代价谋取经济利润是错误的。考点9.doafurtherfavour进一步帮助;再帮一个忙Andsetupssuchasbikeandcarsharingdoafurtherfavourfortheenvironmentbyreducingthenumberofpollutingvehiclesontheroad.此外,自行车和汽车共享等设置能通过减少道路上会造成污染的车辆的数量来进一步有利于环境。【拓展】dosb.afavour=doafavourfor

sb.帮某人一个忙favour/favorn.帮助;好事;恩惠;赞同;支持;特别照顾;偏袒;偏爱v.较喜欢;特别照顾;偏袒;有利于;有助于infavourof支持,赞成insb.’sfavour有利于某人;有助于某人askafavour请求帮个忙【经典练】①Wouldyoudomeafavour/doafavourformeandremovethesebookstothelibrary?你能帮我把这些书搬到图书馆去吗?②Asurveycarriedoutlastyearshowedthat80%ofthemiddleagedinthiscitywereinfavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人支持医疗改革提案。 考点10.asisoftenthecase这是常有的事;情况常常如此Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.在世界各地,新的经济活动领域的情况都是如此,共享经济正在以快于现有法规或持续监管的速度发展。【拓展】(1)asisoftenthecase=it

isoftenthecasethat...这是常有的事（2）casen.具体情况,事例incase以防;以防万一(后跟从句或单独使用)incaseof如果;假使;以免(后跟名词、代词或动名词)innocase决不,无论如何都不(置于句首时句子要用部分倒装)inanycase无论如何,不管怎样【经典练】①Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplaninadvance.=Itisoftenthecasethatwehaveworkedouttheproductionplaninadvance.我们已经提前制订出了生产计划,这是常有的事。②Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatientsincasetheyneedmedicalassistance.医生把他的电话号码分享给病人,以防他们需要医疗援助。③19percentsaytheyneverusealandlinephonewhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.19%的人表示他们从不使用座机,而另有13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况。【好句背默】④Innocaseshouldyougiveupchasingyourdreams.无论如何你都不应该放弃追逐梦想。考点11frustrationn．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧Itisnotjustaboutsharingsweetsorfrustration;……不仅是关于分享糖果或懊恼，……【拓展】(1)asenseoffrustration挫败感(2)frustratevt.使沮丧frustratingadj.令人沮丧的frustratedadj.沮丧的feelfrustratedat/with对……感到沮丧/懊恼【经典练】①Icouldsensehisfrustrationatnotbeingabletohelp.我可以感觉到他因无力帮忙而沮丧。②Iwaspracticallyscreamingwithfrustration.我懊恼得几乎要大叫起来。③It'sfrustratingtohavetowaitsolong.要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。【好句背默】④IhavetimeswhenIfeelfrustratedandwishIcouldgetaway,toanywhere,justhavealookofsceneryforaminute!我有时会感到沮丧，希望我能离开，去任何地方，只需看一眼风景就好了！考点12responsen．回答，答复；反应，响应Thiswealthofwaysofsharingisaresponsetoourincreasingdemandforqualitygoodsandservicesatpetitiveprices,alldeliveredattheclickofabutton.我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过按一下按钮来实现。【拓展】(1)inresponseto作为……的回应makearesponse作出回应makenoresponse没有作出回应(2)respondv.回答；响应；反应；反响respondto回答，回复；对……作出反应respondtoeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(theemail,thenews))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(回复电子邮件,对这个消息作出反应))【经典练】①Theproductwasdevelopedinresponsetocustomerdemand.这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。②Carlmadenoresponseandcarriedonwithhiswork.卡尔没有回答，继续他的工作。③Howdidtheyrespondtothenews?他们对这则消息有什么反应？考点13hirev．(短期的)租用，租借；(短期)雇用；聘任Whetherit’sanonlineshopwherewecanhiredesignerclothesatrockbottomprices,or…无论是我们能以最低价格租用名牌服装的网店，还是……【拓展】hiresth.out出租某物hireoneselfout(去为别人)打工；受雇hiresb.todosth.聘请某人做某事hireacar/room/video租汽车/房间/录像带【经典练】①Thepanyhiresoutmachinerybytheday.公司按日计费出租机械设备。②Wehiredapublicrelationsconsultanttohelpimproveourimage.我们聘请了一位公共关系顾问来帮助提升我们的形象。比较辨析：hire/employ/renthire：短期、临时或一次性“雇用，租用”，宾语是人或物。hireaboat租一条船employ：长时间“雇用”，宾语多是人。employasecurityofficer雇用安全员rent：长时间“出租；租用”，宾语是房屋、土地等。rentahousefromsb.租某人的房子rentout出租考点14abusev．&n．滥用；虐待；辱骂Inaddition,thesharingeconomyissubjecttoabuseoftrust.此外,共享经济可能受滥用信任的影响。【拓展】alcohol/drugabuse酗酒/吸毒anabuseofpower/ones'sposition职权滥用【经典练】①Whatshedidwasanabuseofherpositionasamanager.她的所作所为是对经理职权的滥用。②Youarecertainlyatriskifyouareaddictedtocigarettesmoking,alcoholdrinkingordrugabuse.如果你沉迷于吸烟、饮酒或吸毒，那你肯定处境危险。③Heabusedhispowertohelphisfamilyandwasputintoprisoneventually.他滥用职权帮助家人，最终被关进了监狱。考点15distributionn.(商品的)分销，经销；分发，分配；分布AfterIwentonTV,amajorAsianmanufacturerofcosmeticswaswillingtopurchasemyproductandhelpwithitsdistribution.我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮助分销。【拓展】(1)theunfairdistributionofwealth财富分配不公thegeographicaldistributionofthedisease疾病的地域分布情况fooddistribution食物分配(2)distributev.分销，经销(商品)；分发，分配；使分布，分散distribute...to...把……分配给/分发给……distribute...between/among...在……之间分配……【经典练】①Theycouldnotagreeonthedistributionoftheprofits.他们不能就利润的分配达成一致意见。②Thedistributionoftheselanguageishugelyuneven.这些语言的分布极不平衡。③Themoneywasdistributedamongschoolsinthearea.这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。【好句背默】④Theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.产品的生产、分配和使用，以及由此产生的废物的管理，都导致温室气体的排放。考点16(教材P38)ItwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.直到她从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张悦才意识到这一潜力。[句式分析]强调句型构成：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分【拓展】强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分？WasitTomthatdecidedtopassuptheopportunity?是汤姆决定放弃这个机会吗？强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/wasit＋that＋其他部分？Whowasitthatseizedthethiefbythehand?是谁抓住了那个小偷的手？not...until...句型的强调句：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他部分ItwasnotuntilItoldhimthatheknewaboutit.直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。【经典练】①Itwasthisthiefthatrobbedmeofmywallet.就是这个小偷抢了我的钱包。(强调主语)②ItwasahandkerchiefthatIpickedupattheschoolgate.我在学校大门口捡到的是一条手帕。(强调宾语)③Itwasonacoldmorningthathedivedintothelakeandrescuedadrowningchild.是在一个寒冷的早晨，他跳入湖中救出了一名溺水儿童。(强调状语)[名师提醒]使用强调句型时需要注意以下几点：(1)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。考点17Theystaredback,theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhattheywouldsaynext.他们回望着她，脸上毫无表情，她不知道他们接下来要说什么。[句式分析]theirblankfacesgivingnoclue是“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。(1)构成：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语(2)功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况等。【拓展】①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。②当名词/代词与动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示将来的动作时，用不定式形式。③可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子的其他成分隔开。【经典练】①Weatherpermitting,we'llgoclimbingtomorrow.天气允许的话，我们明天去爬山。(名词＋现在分词)②Roadworksfinished,theywenthome.完成道路施工后，他们回家了。(名词＋过去分词)③Lotsofworktodo,Iwasinnomoodfordancing.由于有很多工作要做，我没心情跳舞。(名词＋不定式)【好句背默】④Hecameintotheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.他进了房间，鼻子冻得通红。(名词＋形容词)语法精讲——复习定语从句1．ThisisthebikethatIlostlastweek.2．NormanBethunewasagreatmanwhogavehislifetohelptheChinesepeople.3．Allthechildrenliketheteacherswhocanunderstandthem.4．HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.5．Theywanttodevelopakindofdog­friendlyfoodwhichwillhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.6．Iknowthereasonwhyhedidn'te.7．IsawmygoodfriendinthesupmarketwhereIboughtaskirt.8．Hewillneverforgetthedaywhenhemetherforthefirsttime.9．XiaoHua,whoismysister,hasgonetoShanghai.10．Asisknowntoall,theboyisverybrave.11．Thehouse,whoseroofisbroken,isunderrepair.[共性呈现]1．画线部分均为定语从句。2．关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语(句1、2、3、4、5、9、10)。3．关系副词在定语从句中作状语(句6、7、8)。4．定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句与先行词关系较密切(句1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8)。5．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间关系较松散(句9、11)。6．有时关系代词也可以代替一句话(句10)。定语从句是指跟在一个名词或代词后，对其进行修饰限定的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词(先行词)后。定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物或事主语、宾语、表语、定语that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语whose人或物定语Themanwho/whomyousawjustnowisourmanager.(先行词指人,who/whom在从句中作宾语)Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在从句中作主语)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(先行词指物

,whose在从句中作定语Theprosperitywhich/thathasneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside(which/that在从句中作主语)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.(which/that在从句中作宾语

)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.(as在从句中作宾语)Asisknowntoall,fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.(As在从句中作主语

)2.that和which的用法区别只用that不用which的情况①先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词；或为all,every,no,some,any,little,much等词或被这些词修饰时时。Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.Ihavereadallthebooks

thatyoulendme.②先行词为theonly,thevery（正是）,theright，thesame等词时。Thisis

theveryscarfthatmotherhasbeenlookingfor.③先行词为序数词或形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ShanghaiisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhave

evervisited.ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.④当先行词既有人又有物时Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthings

thatweremember.⑤句中其他位置已出现与关系代词相同的疑问词时，应避免重复Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?只用which不用that的情况：①关系代词前有介词时。Thegardeninwhichavarietyofflowersareplantedattractsagreatmanyvisitors.②在非限制性定语从句中。Hefailedinthematch,whichwasapity.3.as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.【经典练】单句语法填空1.Ireadareportabouthisnewbook__________willsoonbepublished.2.Doyouknowtheprofessor________isfromGreece?3.Mr.Greenistheperson_______________Ilikealot.4.Thehouse_______roofisredismine.5.ImetMr.Smith,_________daughterisanurse.6.Hetoldmeeverything________heknew.7.Thatismyhouse,________isveryexpensive.8.Itistheverybook________I’mlookingfor.9.Thisistheschoolfrom________Ihavegraduated.10.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandthings_____ImetinIndia.【答案】1.that/which2.that/who3.whom/that4.whose5.whose6.that7.which8.that9.which10.that二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词（situation、point、activity、case、stage等）地点状语why原因名词原因状语（1）关系副词when：先行词是表示时间的名词Doyouknowthedatewhenhewasborn?ShewenttoJapanin2015,whenshewas20.注：when可以由“介词+which”替换ShewenttoJapanin2015,inwhichshewas20.IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImethim.（2）关系副词where：先行词是表示地点的名词IloveBeijing,whereImadesomanyfriends.Thisistheparkwhereweoftentakeawalk.注：where可以由“介词+which”替换Thisistheparkinwhichweoftentakeawalk.Doyouknowthebusstationatwhichwemeteachother?当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point,position，situation,stage,case,condition,atmosphere等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。Iliketheatmospherewhereeveryonehelpseachother.Wehavereachedthestagewherewemusttakeaction.先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。Therecameanoccasionwhenshegotpromoted.Aweddingisanoccasionwherepeoplegetdressedup.（3）关系副词why：先行词是reasonDoyouknowthereasonwhyhecried?注：why可以由“for+which”替换Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhecried?【经典练】单句语法填空1.Iwillrememberthedays__________wespenttogether.2.Iwillrememberthedays_______welovedeachother.3.Thisisthehotel__________welived/stayed.4.Thisisthehotel__________Lucyremendedtous.5.That’sthereason___________hewaslate.6.That’sthereason___________hetoldme.【答案】1.that/which2.when3.where4.that/which5.why6.that/which三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句先行词指物:whichThisistheschoolwithwhichheisfamiliar.先行词指人:whomIthankedTomfromwhomIgotalotofhelp.关系代词前介词的选用:依据定语从句中动词、形容词等的习惯搭配来确定。ThepersontowhomIgavethegiftwasmyteacher.依据与先行词的搭配来确定。ThisisthehouseinwhichIgrewup.根据所表达的意思来确定。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.注意:有些“动词（＋名词）＋介词”的固定搭配，如lookfor,lookafter,callon，takecareof等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Thebook________whichItoldyouisontheshelf.2.Theperson_______whomIborrowedthemoneyismybrother.3.Thesituation______whichwefoundourselveswasdangerous.4.Thisisthething_______whichIaminterested.5.IwillneverforgetTom,_______whomIcouldn’thavesucceeded.【答案】1.about2.from3.in4.in5.without二．写作精讲——社会现象类说明文一、写作分析社会现象类说明文指的是针对某种社会现象进行说明的文体，文章往往从正反两个方面加以说明。篇章结构第一段：开门见山，引入话题；第二段：列举正方(一方)观点及理由；第三段：表明自己的观点。语言特点语言需要简洁准确，用词要正式客观，结构层次分明。常用词汇1.社会现象类Socialphenomenon社会现象Trend/issue趋势/问题Globalization全球化Digitalization数字化Urbanization城市化Generationgap代沟Environmentalprotection环境保护2.原因分析类Contributingfactors促成因素Rootcause根本原因Economicdevelopment经济发展Technologicaladvancement技术进步Changingvalues价值观转变3.影响类Positive/negativeimpact积极/消极影响Socialcohesion社会凝聚力Mentalhealth心理健康Interpersonalrelationships人际关系Sustainabledevelopment可持续发展4.解决方案类Raiseawareness提高意识Governmentpolicies政府政策Publicparticipation公众参与Strengthenregulations加强监管二、常用句式1.引出话题Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingconcernover...（近年来，人们越来越关注...）Withtherapiddevelopmentof...,...hasbeeahotlydebatedissue.（随着...的快速发展，...成为热议话题）Thephenomenonof...isincreasinglyprevalentinmodernsociety.（...现象在现代社会日益普遍）2.分析原因Theprimaryreasonliesin...（主要原因在于...）Thistrendcanbeattributedto...（这一趋势可归因于...）Abinationoffactorscontributestothisphenomenon,including...（多种因素共同导致这一现象，包括...）3.说明影响While...bringsconvenience,italsoleadsto...（尽管...带来便利，但也导致...）Theconsequencesof...cannotbeignored.Forinstance,...（...的后果不容忽视，例如...）Fromalongtermperspective,...mayposeathreatto...（从长远来看，...可能对...构成威胁）4.提出建议Toaddressthisissue,jointeffortsfromindividualsandauthoritiesareessential.（解决这一问题需要个人和政府的共同努力）Itisadvisableto...（建议采取...措施）Raisingpublicawarenessthrougheducationcouldbeaneffectivesolution.（通过教育提高公众意识可能是有效方法）5.总结观点Inconclusion,...isadoubleedgedswordthatrequiresbalancedhandling.（总之，...是一把双刃剑，需平衡处理）Onlybytakingimmediateactioncanweensureasustainablefuture.（只有立即行动，才能确保可持续的未来）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jenny正在做一份关于中国移动支付(mobilepayment)的问卷调查，你是她的重点采访对象。请你给她写封信，内容包括：1．你或你身边的人在日常生活中使用移动支付的情况；2．移动支付带来的好处；3．你的看法。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：微信WeChat支付宝Alipay二维码QRcode________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第一步审题谋篇体裁议论文时态一般现在时主题社会现象类说明文人称第三人称布局首段：关于移动支付的总体介绍。中段：移动支付的好处。尾段：介绍自己的观点。第二步要点翻译1.人们普遍认为，中国是全球最大的移动支付市场。__________________Chinaisthelargestmobilepaymentmarketglobally.2.随着移动支付的广泛使用，我们根本不需要带钱包或现金。Withthewidespreaduseofmobilepayment,wedon'tneedto__________orcashatall.3.在中国，移动支付极大地改变了人们的生活。Mobilepaymenthasgreatly_____________________inChina.【答案】1.It'sgenerallybelievedthat2.carryapurse3.changedpeople'slives第三步词句升级1.用非限制性定语从句合并句子MostofusareusedtoscanningQRcodestopayforwhateverwepurchase—suchasbooksandclothes.ItisaglimpseintothelifeofmostChineselikemeandmyfamily.→MostofusareusedtoscanningQRcodestopayforwhateverwepurchase—suchasbooksandclothes,_______isaglimpseintothelifeofmostChineselikemeandmyfamily.2.用倒装句升级Wewillneverworryaboutgettingfakenotesorhavingtocountchange.→_________weworryaboutgettingfakenotesorhavingtocountchange.【答案】1.which2.Neverwill第四步连句成篇DearJenny，Howisyoursurveyonmobilepaymentgoing?I'mgladIcanhelpwithit.It'sgenerallybelievedthatChinaisthelargestmobilepaymentmarketglobally.MostofusareusedtoscanningQRcodestopayforwhateverwepurchase—suchasbooksandclothes,whichisaglimpseintothelifeofmostChineselikemeandmyfamily.Withthewidespreaduseofmobilepayment,wedon'tneedtocarryapurseorcashatall.Besides,neverwillweworryaboutgettingfakenotesorhavingtocountchange.Inshort,mobilepaymenthasgreatlychangedpeople'slivesinChina.Personally,Ithinkmobilepaymentshouldbeencouraged.First,ithaswonoverconsumerswithitsconvenience.Anotheradvantageisthatthereareoftendiscountsifyoumakemobilepayment,asmajoronlinepaymentplatformsarepetingtohavemoreconsumerstakeadvantageoftheirservice.Ihopemyexplanationcanbeofsomehelptoyou.Wishyougoodluck.Yoursfaithfully，LiHua一、短语1.asto至于，关于2.aworldawayfrom完全不同于3.rowuponrow一排又一排地4.startout启程，动身5.makeendsmeet使收支仅能相抵6.interferewith妨碍，阻止7.gointodebt陷入债务之中，负债8.responseto对……的回应9.atrock－bottomprices以最低价格10.rentout出租（房屋、房间、土地等）11.attheexpenseof以损害……为代价12.takeadeepbreath深呼吸13.besubjectto易受……影响，可能会受……