专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷80

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷80

一、阅读理解（本题共24题，每题7.0分，共24分。）

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesas

settlement（新拓居地）spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpractical

curiosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanical

problems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,and

thedevelopmentofsafe,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroad

wasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousands

ofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtothe

Mississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.Thehighpointin

railroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862

CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraska

westwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompletea

transcontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernment

helpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbegan

fouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChinese

laborwhiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworked

atremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869they

metataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscame

thereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,with

paradesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.Therailroadwas

veryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryand

farmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.

InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1、ThemajorproblemswithAmerica'srailroadsysteminthemid19thcenturylay

in.

A^poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B、lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C^limitedrailroadlines

D、lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一段提到早期的火车很不实用，而且铁路公司面临着棘手的技

术问题，最严重的是修建能够承担一定重量的铁路轨道和开发安全有效的停靠系

统。A项与文意所述相近，故选A。

2、Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.

A^broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B>attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C、attractedlaborersfromEurope

D^encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章最后一段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingraw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets,可知A为正确选项。

3、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A^SettlementsSpreadWestward

B>IheCoast-to-CoastRailroad;AVitalLink

C^AmericanRailroadHistory

D^TheImportanceofRailroadsintheAmericanEconomy

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段第一句虽然提到"settlementspreadeverfartherwestward.

但这不是本文论述的中心，故A错；选D也不合适，因为作者在第三段第二句里

谈的是在美国起重要作用的transcontinentalrailway,而不是泛指美国的铁路，虽然

本文从一个侧面反映了美国铁路的历史，但C项范围太大，故C也错；第三段点

明了文章的主旨，说明了这条横贯美国的铁路在开发西部、发展工农业生产和统一

美国等方面起到了avitallink的作用，故选Bo

4、Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook.

A、9years

B、7years

C、4years

D^3years

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章第二段叙述可知，1862年国会授权铁路公司修建铁路，但

实际卜4年之后即1X66年才开始这项T程.1869年完成.故共用了二年时间.

5、Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

A、Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C、Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D、Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章最后一段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingraw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets,可知D为正确答案。

Ifinditwholesometobealonethegreaterpartofthetime.Tobeincompany,evenwith

thebest,issoonwearisomeanddissipating,andIneverfoundacompanionso

companionableassolitude.Weareforthemostpartmorelonelywhenwegoabroadthan

whenwestayinourchambers,forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspacethat

intervenebetweenamanandhisfellows.Thefarmer,whocanworkaloneallday

withoutfeelinglonesome,butmustrecreatewithothersatnight,wondershowthe

studentcansitaloneatnight;hedoesnotrealizethatthestudent,thoughinthehouse,is

actuallyatworkinhisfieldandchoppinghiswoodasthefarmerwasinhis.Societyis

commonlytoocheap.Wemeetatveryshortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireany

newvalueforeachother;wemeetatmealsthreetimesadayandgiveeachotheranew

tasteofthatmustyoldcheesethatweare;welivethickandareineachother'sway,andI

thinkthatwethuslosesomerespectforoneanother.Wehavehadtoagreeonacertain

setofroles,calledetiquetteandpoliteness,tomakethisfrequentmeetingtolerable.

Certainlylessfrequencywouldsufficeforallimportantandheartycommunications

betweenmen.Itwouldbebetteriftherewerebutoneinhabitanttoasquaremile,as

whereIlive,forasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneednottouchhim.

6^Amancanbelonelyinacrowdbecause.

A、lonelinessdoesnHmeanbeingalone

B、manalwayswantstowork

C>solitudeinvolvesspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows

D、lonelinesscomesfromlackofheartycommunication

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章第二段中...forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspace

thatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows,可知孤独不是由空间距离造成的，隐

含的意思是孤独来自于缺少心灵的沟通，故D为正确答案。

7、Theauthorusestheexampleofthefarmerandthestudenttoshowthat.

A、menneedrecreationaftertheirwork

B、menarenotlonelywhentheyareworking

CNsolitudeisnecessary,forastudent

D、peoplehavedifferentconceptionsofsolitude

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第三段指出农民可以一整天地工作而不会感到孤单，但他却很奇

怪为什么一个学生能够在晚上一个人独自静坐，因为他没有意识到学生其实和他一

样，也是在工作，所以池也不会感到孤单。

8、Whentheauthorsays;"Societyiscommonlytoocheap",hemeansthat.

A、wemeetnotfrequentlyenough

B、weeatcheapfoodandliveasimplelife

C、ourlivesarcsoregular

D、peopledonothaveenoughheartycommunicationtorealizethevalueinotherpeople

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章第四段中Societyiscommonlytoocheap：Wcmeetatvery

shortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvalueforeachother,故选Do

9、Theauthor'sopiniononthevalueofamanisthat.

itisunderestimatedbytherulesofetiquetteandpoliteness

B>itcanbediscoveredthroughfrequentphysicalcontacts

C>itcanbefoundinaman*sappearance

D^itdoesn'tlieinphysicalcontact

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章最后一句话forasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,we

neednottouchhim,可知D为正确答案。

10、Whichofthefollowingisnottheauthor'sidea?

A^Theideaofsolitudeisembodieddifferentlyinastudentandafarmer.

B>1heroutinelifeunderliesman'sloneliness.

C^Etiquetteandpolitenessarerulesthatmakefrequentmeetingstolerable.

D^Lessfrequentmeetingscanmakeusmoreawareofthevalueofmen.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章中可知，孤独是由于人与人之间很少的交流，但不是日常事务

造成的。因此选B。

Arecentstudydescribedcoalasa"bridgetothefuture'.Asthemostplentifulfossil（化

石）fuelintheworld,coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemand

forenergy.Butproblemscausesometroubletothispromisingoldfuel.Coalisfound

aroundtheglobe,butthreecountries-theUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandChina

ownnearlytwothirdsofallknowncoalreserves.Atpresentratesofusingcoalthese

reserveswouldlasttheworldmorethan200years,accordingtotheestimatescarefully

made.Furthermore,scientiststhinktheworldprobablyhas15timesthismuchcoal.

WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontons

ofknownworldcoalreserves,boththeSovietUnionandChinaproducealmostasmuch

coalastheU.S.does.Inadditiontothecategoryofknownreserves,theU.S.Geological

Survey（地质调查所）hascalculatedthattheUnitedStateshasanestimated1.7trillion

（万亿）tonsofcoalatdepthsoflessthan3,000feet.Unfortunately,muchofthiscoalis

noteasytogetwithpresenttechnologyoratpresentprices.Toproduceandusemuch

morecoalthanwedotoday,anumberofproblemswillhavetobesolved:capitalathigh

interestrates,manpower,andtransportation,includinginsufficientrailfacilities.

Environmentalconcernsincludetheproperdevelopmentofminesites,possiblechanges

inglobalclimatecausedbyincreasedcarbondioxidefromburningcoal,andtheobjects

thataresentoutfromcoalstacks（烟囱）thatwearoutbuildings,poisonlakes,and

damagehumanlungs.

11、Oneoftheadvantagesofcoalisthat.

ANitcanimproveglobalclimate

B、thereisalotofit

C、itisalwayseasytodig

D、itdoesn'tpollute

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章第一段中Asthemostplentifulfossil（化石）fuelintheworld,

coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemandforenergy,可知煤

的数量有很多，这可以算作是它的一个优势，其他三项根据文章或常识都可以排

除。故选B。

12>WhichproblemisNotmentionedinthearticle?

A、Difficultiesindiggingthecoal.

B、Pollutionoftheenvironment.

C>Whathappenswhenthecoalisusedup.

D、Insufficientrailfacilities.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由第四段中muchofthiscoalisnoteasytogetwithpresenttechnology

oralpresenlprices排除A选项，由第五段第一、第二句话排除B、D选项，故选

Co

13、Whichcountryhasthelargestshareofknownworldcoalreserves?

A、China.

TheUnitedStates.

C、TheformerSovietUnion.

D、Thearticledoesn'ttellus.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第三段中WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare-more由ana

quarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,故选B。

14、HowmuchcoaldoestheUnitedStateshaveinknowncoalreserves?

A、786billiontons.

B、1.7billiontons.

C>Nearly200billiontons.

D、3,000billiontons.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章第三段第一句话WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargest

share—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,可知

786x1/4=196.5,故选C。

15^Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A、TheU.S.hasabout1.7trilliontonsofcoalatdepthsofmorethan3,000feet.

B、Scientiststhinkthatallcoalreserveshavebeenfoundout.

C^Allcoaliseasytogetbecausewehavemoderntechnology.

D、TheU.S.andChinaproducealmostequalamountsofcoal.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章第三段最后一句话boththeSovietUnionandChinaproduce

almostasmuchcoalastheU.S.does,可知D为正确答案。

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthe

manwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthepast15years,pilotshave

reportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagnetic

interference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,

expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputers,

radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvises

theaviation（航空）industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesban（禁止）suchdevices

frombeingusedduring"critical"stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Some

expertshavegonefurther,callingfbratotalbanduringallflights.Currently,ruleson

usingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibit

passengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctantto

enforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringnights.The

difficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.

Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhich

aircraftusefbrnavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenableto

reproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhetherthe

interferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable（易受损

的）tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamage

navigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan'thearthe

instructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooloud.

16、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A、anewregulationforallairlines

B、thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C、apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D、effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：考查主题。主题一般在第一段段首。如果这个题出现在中间的话，

般对应某一段的内容和主题，范围小一点，比较容易。如果是第一题或最后一•题，

则对应整篇文章。本文的主题是关于电磁干扰可能影响飞机安全，故选C。

17、Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

A^Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.

BNTheymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.

C、Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengersportablecomputers.

D、Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干有数字，很容易在文中第一段找到对应的句子。注意could,表

示可能，所以选D：怀疑他们是电磁干扰的结果。

18、Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevices

because.

A、theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B、theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C、mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassette

players

D^theyhaveothereffec:ivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

标准答案：

知识点解析：关键句在第二段最后一句，giventhatmanypassengerswanttowork

duringflights.很多乘客要在飞行期间工作，可以推断一些航空公司拒绝禁令的原

因是：如果他们推行了禁令，也许许多需要在飞机上工作的乘客就不会选择乘坐飞

机了。故选C。

19、Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonan

airplane'scomputers?

A、Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.

B、Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.

C、Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.

D^Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段because后面给出了解释：因为他们不能在实验室重现这些影

响，所以他们没办法知道干扰是不是有危险。所以选C。A文中没有说过，B和第

二句相反，D没有提到0

20、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.

A、isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers'useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B、hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C、hasn'tfbnnedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D、regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者没有很明确的态度，只是做客观的说明，描写了很多情况，但没

有表明自己的立场和看法。A赞成禁令；B高估危险；C没有形成自己的观点；D

认为禁令无理。

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoes

notliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimtorit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,or

anyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisaction

willproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermay

usetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto

complaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshis

orhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itis

usuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavor,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumers

shouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof

purchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingis

usuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhenthe

consumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbe

done,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatis

wrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoes

notworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightisunclear"isbetterthan"This

stereo（立体声音响）doesnotwork.MThestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumerto

writetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintas

politelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesired

result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellerto

courtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotecting

consumers*rights.

21Whenaconsumerfindstha