2024-2025学年湖南省长沙市八校联考高一下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省长沙市八校联考2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAlthoughbeautifulNewYear’sfireworkslightupskiesaroundtheworld,therearealsomanyunusualbutwonderfulwayspeopleacrosstheworldobservetheNewYear.Roundeverything(Philippines)FilipinoculturecelebratestheNewYearbyservingtwelvedifferentfruits.Apples,melons,oranges,andgrapesarepopularpicks,butanyroundfruitwilldo.Theroundproducestandsforwealthforeachmonthoftheupcomingyear.Localsalsowearclotheswithpolkadots(圆点图案)onthemandfilltheirpocketswithroundcoins.Throwingpaperoutthewindow(Argentina)ThepiecesofcolouredpaperwillflythroughthestreetsofBuenosAiresaroundlunchtimeonDecember31.ThereasonbehindthecustomisthatArgentinesthrowoutalltheirolddocumentsandpapersbeforethecurtainfallsontheyeartoshowthey’releavingthepastbehind.It’shardlythemostdangerousthingflyingoutofwindowsaroundtheworldonNewYear’s,though—manyotherLatinAmericancountriesarefondofthrowingbucketsofwater,whileSouthAfricansthrowouttheiroldtables,chairs,etc.ontothestreetfromgreatheights.Breakingplatesintopieces(Denmark)IfyouwanttomakeanewDanishfriendfortheNewYear,throwaplateagainsttheirdoor.Thetraditionismeanttobringthehouseownergoodluckfortheyearahead.DanesalsojumpoffchairstoleapintotheNewYear,andstaygluedtotheirTVsforQueenMargrethe’syearlyspeechandascreeningofblack-and-whiteEnglishlanguagecomedyDinnerforOne(knowninDenmarkasThe90thBirthday),whichisalsopopularinGermany.Eatinggrapesfast(Spain)InSpain,with12secondsremaininguntiltheNewYear,peopleeat12greengrapestobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.It’sconsideredtobebadluckifyoucan’teatthemallbythefinalmidnightchime(钟声).Eatthemdownintimeand12monthsofgoodluckwillcomeyourway.1.HowdopeopleinPhilippinescelebratetheNewYear?A.Bywearingnewclothesontheeve. B.Bypickinguptwelvedifferentkindsoffruits.C.Bywishingforwealthintheupcomingyear. D.Bygettingclosetosomethinground.2.WhydoArgentinesthrowouttheirolddocumentsandpapersonDecember31?A.Becauseitisnotthemostdangerouscustom.B.Becausethecurtainwillfallonthenewyear.C.Toleavethepastyearandwelcomethenewyear.D.Tobringthehouseownergoodluckfortheyearahead.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaNewYeartraditioninDenmark?A.Eating12greengrapes. B.Jumpingoffachair.C.ListeningtotheQueen’sNewYearspeech. D.Throwingaplateagainstanewfriend’sdoor.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文。主要介绍了菲律宾、阿根廷、丹麦和西班牙，这四个国家庆祝新年的一些独特方式。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Roundeverything(Philippines)部分“FilipinoculturecelebratestheNewYearbyservingtwelvedifferentfruits.Apples,melons,oranges,andgrapesarepopularpicks,butanyroundfruitwilldo.Theroundproducestandsforwealthforeachmonthoftheupcomingyear.Localsalsowearclotheswithpolkadots(圆点图案)onthemandfilltheirpocketswithroundcoins.(菲律宾文化庆祝新年时提供12种不同的水果。苹果、甜瓜、橙子和葡萄是很受欢迎的水果，但任何圆形水果都可以。圆形的农产品代表着来年每个月的财富。当地人也穿有圆点的衣服，口袋里装满圆形的硬币)”可知，菲律宾人通过靠近圆形的东西来庆祝新年。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Throwingpaperoutthewindow(Argentina)部分的“ThereasonbehindthecustomisthatArgentinesthrowoutalltheirolddocumentsandpapersbeforethecurtainfallsontheyeartoshowthey’releavingthepastbehind.(这一习俗背后的原因是，阿根廷人在大幕落下之前扔掉所有的旧文件和纸张，以表明他们正在把过去抛在身后)”可知，阿根廷人在12月31日扔掉旧文件时为了离开过去的一年，迎接新的一年。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Breakingplatesintopieces(Denmark)部分“IfyouwanttomakeanewDanishfriendfortheNewYear,throwaplateagainsttheirdoor.Thetraditionismeanttobringthehouseownergoodluckfortheyearahead.DanesalsojumpoffchairstoleapintotheNewYear,andstaygluedtotheirTVsforQueenMargrethe’syearlyspeechandascreeningofblack-and-whiteEnglishlanguagecomedyDinnerforOne(knowninDenmarkasThe90thBirthday),whichisalsopopularinGermany.(如果你想在新年结交一个新的丹麦朋友，向他们的门扔一个盘子。丹麦人也会从椅子上跳起来迎接新年，守在电视机前观看玛格丽特女王的年度演讲，以及观看黑白英语喜剧《一个人的晚餐》(在丹麦被称为《90岁生日》)，这部电影在德国也很受欢迎)”可知，丹麦人会从椅子上跳起来，听女王新年演讲及向新朋友的门上扔盘子来迎接新年，选项A“吃12个绿葡萄”不属于丹麦庆祝新年的传统。故选A项。BWhenworkingasaforeignteacherinChina,ItaughtEnglishtomystudentsandtheytaughtmeaboutChina.Onedaythetopicturnedtosaying“Iloveyou”.Iwasshockedtolearnthatnooneofmystudentshadsaidthistotheirmothers,norhadtheirmotherssaidittothem.“Doesyourmomloveyou?”“Ofcourse,”theyanswered.“Howdoyouknow?”wasmylogicalquestion.Theyansweredthattheirmomscookedandalwaystoldthemwhattheyweredoingwrongtoshowtheirconcern.Iwassurprised.“SoMom’scookingandcriticizingreadoutas‘Iloveyou’?Thenhowdoyousay‘Iloveyou’toher?”Theyagreedthatgettinggoodgradesandfindinggoodjobswouldbehowtheyshowedtheirlove.Icomefromacountrywheremostpeopleareexpressiveenough,soIrepeatedthesequestionsinclassesovertime.Gradually,Ibegantogetdifferentresponses.Someofthemhadexchangedthosefeelingswiththeirmoms.Oneofmyfavoritestoriesofchangecamefromagirl.Whenshecamehomefromuniversity,hermothermetheratthedoorandhugged(拥抱)her.Thishadneverhappenedbefore,buthermomsaid,“Nowthatyouhavegone,Ihavemoretimetomyself.InoticedthatinsomeplacesmothersandchildrenhugeachotherandIdecideditwasagoodideaandthatIwouldbeginhuggingyou.”Inmyfamilyweallsay“Iloveyou”alot.Whileitistruethatweoftensaythewordswithouthavinggreatdepth(深刻)offeelingsatthatmoment,itisalmostlikeablessing(祝福)wegiveeachother.Thosethreelittlewordscarryaworldofmeaning,evenwhensaidasagreeting,butmostespeciallyiftheyarethelastwordswesaytoorhearfromthosewelove.4.Whywastheforeignteachershocked?A.Becausethestudents’momsdon’tlovethematall.B.Becauseallofthestudentsdon’tsay“Iloveyou”totheirmoms.C.Becauseherstudentsdon’tknowthemeaningof“Iloveyou”.D.Becauseneitherherstudentsnortheirmomssay“Iloveyou”toeachother.5.Chinesepeopleprefertoshowloveby________.A.buyinggifts B.doingsomethingmeaningfulC.saying“Iloveyou” D.huggingeachother6.InParagraph4,what’stherealmeaningofthemom’shugging?A.Sheismeetingherdaughteratthedoor. B.Shelovesherdaughterandmissesher.C.Shefindsitinterestingtohugherdaughter. D.Sheisgladthatshehasmoretimetoherself.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Say“Iloveyou”alottoChinesepeople. B.Say“Iloveyou”asagreetingtoothers.C.Say“Iloveyou”moretoyourfamily. D.Say“Iloveyou”withoutgreatdepthoffeelings.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍的是在表达爱意的方式上，不同文化背景下的家庭有着截然不同的习惯与理解。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Onedaythetopicturnedtosaying‘Iloveyou’.Iwasshockedtolearnthatnooneofmystudentshadsaidthistotheirmothers,norhadtheirmotherssaidittothem.(有一天，话题转到了说‘我爱你’。我很震惊地了解到，我的学生中没有人对他们的妈妈说过，他们的妈妈也没有对他们说过)”可知，外教震惊是因为她的学生和学生的妈妈之间都没有对彼此说过“我爱你”。故选D。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theyansweredthattheirmomscookedandalwaystoldthemwhattheyweredoingwrongtoshowtheirconcern.Iwassurprised.“SoMom’scookingandcriticizingreadoutas‘Iloveyou’?Thenhowdoyousay‘Iloveyou’toher?”Theyagreedthatgettinggoodgradesandfindinggoodjobswouldbehowtheyshowedtheirlove.(他们回答说，他们的妈妈做饭，总是告诉他们做错了什么，以表示他们的关心。我很惊讶。“所以妈妈的烹饪和批评被解读为‘我爱你’？那你怎么对她说‘我爱你’呢？”他们一致认为，取得好成绩，然后找到好工作是他们表达爱的方式)”可推知，中国人喜欢通过做一些有意义的事情来表达爱。故选B。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Whenshecamehomefromuniversity,hermothermetheratthedoorandhugged(拥抱)her.Thishadneverhappenedbefore,buthermomsaid,‘Nowthatyouhavegone,Ihavemoretimetomyself.InoticedthatinsomeplacesmothersandchildrenhugeachotherandIdecideditwasagoodideaandthatIwouldbeginhuggingyou.’(当她从大学回家时，她妈妈在门口迎接她并拥抱了她。这种情况以前从未发生过，但她的妈妈说：‘你走了以后，我有更多的时间属于自己。我注意到有些地方妈妈和孩子会互相拥抱，于是我觉得这是个好主意，我也会开始拥抱你。’)”可知，在第四段中，女儿从大学回到家，妈妈出于想念和爱，拥抱了女儿，所以母亲拥抱的真正含义是她爱她的女儿，想念她。故选B。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Inmyfamilyweallsay‘Iloveyou’alot.Whileitistruethatweoftensaythewordswithouthavinggreatdepth(深刻)offeelingsatthatmoment,itisalmostlikeablessing(祝福)wegiveeachother.Thosethreelittlewordscarryaworldofmeaning,evenwhensaidasagreeting,butmostespeciallyiftheyarethelastwordswesaytoorhearfromthosewelove.(在我家，我们都经常说‘我爱你’。虽然我们经常说的话在那一刻没有很深的感情是事实，这几乎就像我们给对方的祝福。即使是作为问候，这三个小字也意味深长，尤其是当它们是我们对所爱的人说的最后一句话或听到的最后一句话时)”结合文章主要说明了作者在中国当外教时发现，中国父母和孩子不经常用语言表达对彼此的爱，而是通过做一些有意义的事情来表达，作者建议多和家人用语言表达爱意。可知，这篇文章的主旨是对家人多说“我爱你”。故选C。CInaworldfeaturingendlesschoices,thesearchforsimplicityhasbecomemorethanjustadesire—it’sanecessity.ThebookYesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNoexploresthephilosophyofsimplicityanddecision-making.WrittenbyBruceMullen,thisbookgoesbeyondself-helpclichés(陈词滥调)andoffersagenuine,actionableapproachtoguidinglife’schoices.Thebookrecognizesdecision-makingasthecentreofhumanexistenceandinvitesreaderstoadmiteachdecisioncarriesaweight.“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”sumsupasignifcan’trule—adefinite“Yes”andaclear“No.”Itencouragesreaderstofocusonthe“Yes”andstopreadersfromputtingtheireffortintouncertainthings.Anotherrulestressedinthebookissimplicityindecision-making.Byadoptingsimplicity,decision-makersaimtogetthekeyinformation,focusonthemostrelatedfactors,andavoidunnecessaryaspects,enablingquickerjudgmentsandswifterconclusions.Thebookisapracticalguidetostrengthendecision-makingskills.Theauthordoesn’tmerelyexpressthephilosophybutequipsreaderswiththetoolstheyneedtoapplyeffectively.Fromtechniquestogivepreferencetotaskstomethodsforavoidingdistractions(分心),thebookoffersskillsforsimplifyingthedecision-makingprocess.Throughpersonalexperiences,Mullendeterminedthepowerofsimplification,guidingpeopletomakedecisionsaccordingtoone’sownvaluesanddesires.Beyondindividualcontext,thisbookalsoinfluencesbusinessstrategies,relationshipdynamics,andsocialconsiderations.Mullennotonlyexplorestheessenceof“yesmeansyes”butstressesthesignificanceofmakingcleardecisionsatacrossroads.“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”ismorethanabook;it’saphilosophythatcanchangehowweapproachdecisions.Forthoseseekingtoguidelifewithclarityandpurpose,thisbookisaguidinglightinthefogofindecision.8.Whatarethereadersencouragedtodoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Concentrateonrelatedthings. B.Sumupasimplejudgement.C.Solveuncertainmatters. D.Makedecisionsindependently.9.Whyisthebookapracticalguidetoreaders?A.Toequipreaderswithdecision-makingskills. B.Tohelpreadersexpresstheirphilosophy.C.Toimprovereaders’criticalthinkingways. D.Toprovidereaderswithlifetechniques.10.Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Applicationofsimplicity. B.Rulesofmakingdecisions.C.Impactsofdecision-making. D.Benefitsofstressingsimplicity.11.Whatisthearticleaimedat?A.Sharinganapproachofdecision-making. B.Recommendingabook.C.Describingasimplelifestyle. D.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo这本可以增强读者决策力的书。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段后两句“Anotherrulestressedinthebookissimplicityindecision-making.Byadoptingsimplicity,decision-makersaimtogetthekeyinformation,focusonthemostrelatedfactors,andavoidunnecessaryaspects,enablingquickerjudgmentsandswifterconclusions.(书中强调的另一条规则是决策的简单性。通过采用简化，决策者获取关键信息，关注最相关的因素，避免不必要的方面，从而更快地判断和更快地得出结论。)”可知，这本书建议读者专注于相关的事情。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thebookisapracticalguidetoenhancedecision-makingskills.Theauthordoesn’tmerelyexpressthephilosophybutequipsreaderswiththetoolstheyneedtoapplyeffectively.Fromtechniquestogivepreferencetotaskstomethodsforavoidingdistractions(分心),thebookoffersskillsforsimplifyingthedecision-makingprocess.(这本书是提高决策能力的实用指南。作者不仅表达了哲学，还为读者提供了有效应用所需要的工具。从优先处理任务的技巧到避免分心的方法，这本书提供了简化决策过程的技巧。)”可知，这本书提供了使读者具备决策能力的有效工具，所以是读者的实用指南。故选A项。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Throughpersonalexperiences,Mullendeterminedthepowerofsimplification,guidingpeopletomakedecisionsaccordingtoone’sownvaluesanddesires.Beyondindividualcontext,thisbookalsoinfluencesbusinessstrategies,relationshipdynamics,andsocialconsiderations.Mullennotonlyexplorestheessenceof“yesmeansyes”butstressesthesignificanceofmakingcleardecisionsatacrossroads.(通过个人经历，马伦确定了简化的力量，引导人们根据自己的价值观和欲望做出决定。除了个人背景，这本书也影响商业战略，关系动态，和社会的考虑。马伦不仅探讨了“是就是是”的本质，还强调了在十字路口做出明确决定的重要性。)”可知，本段主要陈述了强调简化的好处。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段““YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”ismorethanabook;it’saphilosophythatcanchangehowweapproachdecisions.Forthoseseekingtoguidelifewithclarityandpurpose,thisbookisaguidinglightinthefogofindecision.(YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo不仅仅是一本书；这是一种可以改变我们做决定方式的哲学。对于那些寻求用清晰和目标来引导生活的人来说，这本书是在迷茫中指引方向的明灯。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐这本书。故选B项。DAredbustookvisitorsalongthestreetsofNewYorkCity’sRooseveltIsland.Butthiswasn’tatypicalsightseeingtour.Passengersallworevirtualrealityheadsets(虚拟现实头戴设备)foraneye-openingexperience.Thisexperiencewasdesignedtoengage(使参与)visitorsincreativewaysthroughanewsystemcalledCXR.Passengersweretransportedintoaplacewherevirtualandrealenvironmentsmet.Theretheyexperiencednineshockingscenesshowingtheinfluenceofclimatechange,especiallyrisingfloodwaters.Scientificmodelssuggestthata100-yearfloodcouldcovermostofRooseveltIsland.Despitethewarning,researchshowsthatsuchadisasterdoesn’tfeelrealtomanyinthepublic.ThisdiscrepancyisexactlywhattheCXRsystemaimstodealwith.Thetechnologyhelpspeopleunderstandseriouschallengeslikeclimatechange.Theparticipantscanexperienceasharedrealitywhiletravelingthroughtheirenvironment.AndtheCXRsystemprovedtodomorethanjusteducatepeopleaboutdisasterrisks.Afterseeingthemostseriousfloodingevents,participantsreportedstrongemotionalresponses.Manyexpressedincreasedconcernaboutclimatechangeandadesiretodosomething.Oneparticipantwasevenmovedtotearsuponseeingafloodreachthestepsofherschool.“Thesetypesofreactionswerenotsurprising,”saidWendyJu,whoseresearchgroupcreatedCXR.“Wedidfindthatpeoplegotworried,butwealsonotedthattheworryseemedtoinspirepeopletotakemeasures.It’sagoodresultfromourviewpoint.”TheCXRsystemhasmanypossibleapplicationsbeyonditsoriginalplan.Itcanplayanimportantroleincityplanningbyengagingcommunitiesindiscussionsaboutnewdevelopments.Byprovidingaclearandrealisticpresentationofsuggestedchanges,ithelpstoreducemisunderstandings.Thisencouragespeopletoactivelyexpresstheiropinionsaboutapproachestofutureplanning.“Immersive(沉浸式的)technologiescanbringfuturechallengesintofocus,”Jusaid.“Theyareimportantforbuildingthesocialwilltoprepareforwhatliesahead.”12.WhatistheoriginalfunctionoftheCXRsystem?A.Toencouragepublictransportationuse. B.Toincreasetheenjoymentoftours.C.Toteachfloodpreventionmeasures. D.Toraiseawarenessofclimateissues.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrepancy”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Goal. B.Request. C.Difference. D.Method.14.WhichcanbestdescribetheexperiencewiththeCXRsystem?A.Adventurousandjoyful. B.Educationalandinspiring.C.Confusingandstressful. D.Realisticandrelaxing.15.HowcantheCXRsystemgenerallybenefitcityplanning?A.Bydrivingcooperativeproblem-solving. B.Bystressingtheneedforgreenspaces.C.Byfocusingonshort-termsolutions. D.Byreducingoverallplanningcosts.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了名为CXR的新系统的使用场景、设计目的以及作用。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Passengersweretransportedintoaplacewherevirtualandrealenvironmentsmet.Theretheyexperiencednineshockingscenesshowingtheinfluenceofclimatechange,especiallyrisingfloodwaters.(乘客被运送到一个虚拟和真实环境相遇的地方。在那里，他们经历了9个令人震惊的场景，展示了气候变化的影响，尤其是不断上涨的洪水)”以及第三段“Thetechnologyhelpspeopleunderstandseriouschallengeslikeclimatechange.(这项技术帮助人们了解气候变化等严峻挑战)”可知，CXR系统的主要功能是提高对气候问题的认识。故选D项。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Scientificmodelssuggestthata100-yearfloodcouldcovermostofRooseveltIsland.Despitethewarning,researchshowsthatsuchadisasterdoesn’tfeelrealtomanyinthepublic.(科学模型表明，百年一遇的洪水可能会覆盖罗斯福岛的大部分地区。尽管有这样的警告，但研究表明，对公众来说，这样的灾难并不真实)”可知，科学模型和公众认知存在差异，是CXR系统要解决的问题，推知discrepancy应是“差异”之意，和D项意思相近。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“AndtheCXRsystemprovedtodomorethanjusteducatepeopleaboutdisasterrisks.(事实证明，CXR系统所做的不仅仅是教育人们了解灾害风险)”和第四段“Wedidfindthatpeoplegotworried,butwealsonotedthattheworryseemedtoinspirepeopletotakemeasures.It’sagoodresultfromourviewpoint.(我们确实发现人们感到担忧，但我们也注意到，这种担忧似乎激励人们采取措施。在我们看来，这是一个很好的结果)”可知，CXR系统的体验是有教育意义和鼓舞人心的。故选B项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Itcanplayanimportantroleincityplanningbyengagingcommunitiesindiscussionsaboutnewdevelopments.Byprovidingaclearandrealisticpresentationofsuggestedchanges,ithelpstoreducemisunderstandings.Thisencouragespeopletoactivelyexpresstheiropinionsaboutapproachestofutureplanning.(它可以通过让社区参与讨论新的发展，在城市规划中发挥重要作用。通过对建议的更改提供清晰和现实的展示，它有助于减少误解。这鼓励人们积极表达他们对未来规划方法的意见)”可知，CXR系统通过推动合作解决问题，有益于城市规划，故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheryou’reanexperienceddoghandleroralittlecarefulaboutdogs,itcanbedifficulttoreadadog’scomplexlanguage.Howdoyouknowifthedogwantstogreetyouortellyoutobackoff?____16____Acontentandrelaxeddogwillhaveitsearsup(notforward)andheadhigh._____17_____Yourrelaxeddog’smouthopensslightlywithtongueexposed.Ifyouarestillunsureofwhethertoapproach,goslowlyandmakenosuddenmoves.Don’tmaketoomucheyecontactandslowlyextendthebackofyourhandforthedogtosniff(嗅)firstbeforepatting.Afterthiswelcomeinteraction,dogsmayraisetheirtailsandlowerfrontpaws(爪子).____18____Thispositionwillbeheldbrieflybeforetheyrushoffinrandomdirectionstogetyoutochaseandtoplaywiththem.Theystickouttheirtongues.Theirearswillbeup.Thisisyourchancetohavearunwithyourpartner.____19____Theyshowmoreteeth,barkmoreloudlyandhidethetailsbetweentheirlegs.Theyarereadytoattackwhenannoyed.Becarefuloftheseunusualgestures.Thesesignalsareexpressedastheydirectlyfacetheirsourceof“threat”.Adogthatisundersocialorenvironmentalstresswillpaceaboutwiththetaildown,thebodyloweredandearsback.Itsbreathwillalsoberapidwitheyesexpanded.____20____Inthiscase,trytoworkoutthesourceofitsstress.Ifyoucan’tchangethatrightaway,acalmingmassage(按摩)willhelp.A.Althoughahappydogwillhaveitstailhigh,arelaxeddog’stailwillbehanging.B.Thefollowingisahandydogbodylanguageguide.C.Anditmayleavesweatmarksfromitsfeet.D.Themoodscanbejudgedfromtheirtails.E.Thismeansitisplaytime!F.Keepyourvoicelowandcalm.G.Sometimesdogsbehaveinanangryandviolentway.【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.G20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就狗的一些肢体语言所代表的含义进行了说明。【16题详析】根据上文“Whetheryou’reanexperienceddoghandleroralittlecarefulaboutdogs,itcanbedifficulttoreadadog’scomplexlanguage.Howdoyouknowifthedogwantstogreetyouortellyoutobackoff?(无论你是经验丰富的训狗员还是对狗有点小心的人，都很难读懂狗的复杂语言。你怎么知道狗狗是想和你打招呼还是让你走开？)”可知，本句承上启下，启示后文列举了一些狗的肢体语言所代表的含义。故B选项“下面是一个方便的狗的肢体语言指南”符合语境，故选B。【17题详析】根据上文“Acontentandrelaxeddogwillhaveitsearsup(notforward)andheadhigh.(一只满足和放松的狗会竖起耳朵（而不是向前），把头抬高)”以及后文“Yourrelaxeddog’smouthopensslightlywithtongueexposed.Ifyouarestillunsureofwhethertoapproach,goslowlyandmakenosuddenmoves.Don’tmaketoomucheyecontactandslowlyextendthebackofyourhandforthedogtosniff(嗅)firstbeforepatting.(你放松的狗的嘴微微张开，舌头露出来。如果你仍然不确定是否要接近，慢慢走，不要突然行动。不要有太多的眼神接触，在拍狗之前，慢慢地伸出手背让它嗅一嗅。)”可知，本段主要说明了放松和满足的狗的肢体语言，A选项中relaxed对应上文relaxed。故A选项“虽然一只快乐的狗会把尾巴翘起来，但一只放松的狗会把尾巴垂下来。”符合语境，故选A。【18题详析】根据上文“Afterthiswelcomeinteraction,dogsmayraisetheirtailsandlowerfrontpaws(爪子).(在这种受欢迎的互动之后，狗可能会抬起尾巴，放下前爪。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明狗抬起尾巴，放下前爪代表的含义。故E选项“这意味着是玩耍时间！”符合语境，故选E。【19题详析】根据后文“Theyshowmoreteeth,barkmoreloudlyandhidethetailsbetweentheirlegs.Theyarereadytoattackwhenannoyed.Becarefuloftheseunusualgestures.Thesesignalsareexpressedastheydirectlyfacetheirsourceof“threat”.(它们露出更多的牙齿，更大声地吠叫，把尾巴藏在双腿之间。他们被激怒时随时准备攻击。小心这些不寻常的姿势。这些信号是在他们直接面对“威胁”来源时表达出来的。)”可知，本段主要说明了狗一些愤怒的行为和肢体语言信号。故G选项“有时狗会表现出愤怒和暴力的行为。”符合语境，故选G。【20题详析】根据上文“Adogthatisundersocialorenvironmentalstresswillpaceaboutwiththetaildown,thebodyloweredandearsback.Itsbreathwillalsoberapidwitheyesexpanded.(一只处于社会或环境压力下的狗会垂着尾巴，低着身子，耳朵后仰。它的呼吸也会很快，眼睛也会睁大。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明狗紧张的时候的一些表现。故C选项“它可能会在脚上留下汗印。”符合语境，故选C。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theearthquakewasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomeasallthe___21___hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI___22___anoldladyatabakery(烘焙店)givingoutfreebread,whichmademyheart___23___.Amanwasholdingasignsaying,“pleaseuseour___24___.”Hewasopeninghishouseforpeopletogotothetoilet.ThenthenextdayIdrovetohavemycar___25___.Therewasnotenough___26___nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhadvery___27___lines.Igotworried,sinceIwasbehindfifteencars.Finally,whenmy___28___came,themansmiledandsaid.“Becauseofthissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.Isthatallright?”“Ofcourse.It’snicethatweareallableto___29___,”Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchcomfort.AtthesheltercenterIsawaman___30___whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeen___31___there.However,afterhedriedthetears,hisnext___32___surprisedme.“Iamvery___33___thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t___34___anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”Hearingthat,Irealizedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis___35___.21.A.lift B.traffic C.donation D.business22.A.crashed B.saw C.rescued D.caught23.A.scared B.broken C.empty D.warm24.A.kitchen B.bedroom C.livingroom D.bathroom25.A.filledup B.clearedup C.cleanedup D.builtup26.A.food B.oxygen C.gas D.water27.A.odd B.sharp C.long D.short28.A.turn B.time C.order D.determination29.A.choose B.offer C.profit D.share30.A.eating B.crying C.erupting D.singing31.A.left B.stored C.brought D.kept32.A.words B.roles C.behaviors D.promises33.A.shocked B.curious C.confused D.grateful34.A.cooked B.received C.prepared D.exported35.A.city B.damage C.disaster D.center【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.D25.A26.C27.C28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.B35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了地震后，作者在城市遇到的暖心的人和事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于地震，所有的交通都停止了，我别无选择，只能步行回家。A.lift提升，搭便车；B.traffic交通；C.donation捐赠；D.business生意。根据“Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhome”可知，作者只能步行回家，推知所有的交通方式因地震都停止了，故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我回家的路上，我看到一个老太太在面包店分发免费的面包，这使我的心温暖。A.crashed碰撞；B.saw看见；C.rescued减少；D.caught抓住。根据下文“anoldladyatabakery(烘焙店)givingoutfreebread”描述老人的行为可知，这是作者看到的，故选B。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.scared害怕的；B.broken心碎的；C.empty空的；D.warm温暖的。根据上文“anoldladyatabakery(烘焙店)givingoutfreebread”可知，老人的善行应是让作者感到温暖，故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名男子举着一块牌子，上面写着：“请使用我们的卫生间。”A.kitchen厨房；B.bedroom卧室；C.livingroom客厅；D.bathroom卫生间。根据下文“Hewasopeninghishouseforpeopletogotothetoilet.(他打开房门让人们上厕所)”可知，他让人们免费使用卫生间，故选D。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天我开车去给车加满油。A.filledup（使）填满，装满；B.clearedup使整洁，清理；C.cleanedup打扫干净；D.builtup逐渐增强。根据下文“gasstations”以及“weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson(我们只给每人30美元的汽油)”可知，作者开车去加油，故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在汽油不够了，许多加油站不是关门了就是排了很长的队。A.food食物；B.oxygen氧气；C.gas汽油；D.water水。下文“manygasstationswereeitherclosed”提到很多加油站关闭了，推知没有足够的汽油，故选C。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.odd古怪的；B.sharp尖锐的；C.long长的；D.short短的。根据上文提到没有足够的汽油以及下文“sinceIwasbehindfifteencars(因为我跟在15辆车后面)”可知，加油要排很长的队，故选C。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后轮到我的时候，那人笑着说，“由于这种情况，我们只给每人30美元的汽油。这样行吗？”A.turn（依次轮到的）机会；B.time时间；C.order命令，订单；D.determination决心。根据下文“weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.Isthatallright?”可知，轮到作者加油了，故选A。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当然可以。很高兴我们都能分享。”我说。A.choose选择；B.offer提供；C.profit获益；D.share分享，共享。根据上文提到汽油短缺以及“Becauseofthissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.”可知，在汽油短缺的情况下每人只能加30美元的汽油，所以是大家共享有限的汽油，故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在收容中心，我看到一个男人在人们给他送食物时哭了。A.eating吃；B.crying哭；C.erupting爆发；D.singing唱歌。根据下文“afterhedriedthetears”可知，一个男人在人们给他送食物时哭了，故选B。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是三天来第一次有人把食物送到那里。A.left离开；B.stored储存；C.brought带来；D.kept保持。根据上文“whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim”和语境可知，此处指把食物带到那里，故选C。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他擦干眼泪之后，他接下来的话让我很惊讶。A.words话语；B.roles角色；C.behaviors行为；D.promises承诺。根据下文“Iamvery______thatweareprovidedwithfood.”可知，接下来他说的话让作者感到惊讶，故选A。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我们得到了食物。A.shocked震惊的；B.curious好奇的；C.confused困惑的；D.grateful感激的。根据下文“weareprovidedwithfood”可知，地震后得到食物应是心存感激，故选D。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我们隔壁城市的人们根本没有得到任何食物。A.cooked烹饪；B.received收到，拿到；C.prepared准备；D.exported出口。根据上文“weareprovidedwithfood”和本句中表示转折的“But”可知，这里的人拿到了食物，但是隔壁城市的人们根本没有得到任何食物，故选B。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到这些，我意识到在这个城市的另一方面有一个光明的未来。A.city城市；B.damage破坏；C.disaster灾难；D.center中心。根据上文“thecitynexttous”以及“Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”可知，老人让大家把食物带给隔壁城市的人，故此处指“这个城市的另一方面有一个光明的未来”，故选A。第二节：（10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheDoubleNinthFestival(theChongyangFestival),whichhasahistoryofover2,000years,falls____36____theninthdayoftheninthmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Accordingtotradition,weshouldcelebratethefestivalbygoingmountainclimbing,buthowmanypeopletodaystillobservethistradition?Inmodernsociety,____37____manytraditionalChinesefestivalsarebecominglessandlesspopular,theyareanimportantpartofChineseculture,andwemustprotectandma