Module5-Reading-and-Vocabulary考点精讲练课件

Module5SectionⅡ

Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary－LanguageStudy重点难点探究词汇精研1Whenyouheatametal，itexpands.当你给一块金属加热的时候，它会膨胀。品味经典①Ourforeigntradehasexpandedduringrecentyears.近年来我们的对外贸易有所扩大。②Weshouldexpandourknowledgeofforeigncountries.我们应该增加对外国的了解。③Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？④Hiscompanyexpandedintoabigone.他的公司扩大规模而成为大公司。自我探究expand用作不及物动词意为“膨胀”。expand还可以用作及物动词，后接名词作宾语，意思是“扩展”。派生词：expansionn．张开；膨胀；扩张。反义词：contract

vt.收缩。归纳拓展Thebird________itswingsandflewaway.A．expanded

B．expandsC．isexpandingD．hasexpanded解析：选A。句意：那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。根据flewaway可知expand应用一般过去时。2Differentmetalshavedifferentuses，forexample，steelisusedincars，andironisusedinelectricalequipment.不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢被用于汽车，铁被用于电器设备。品味经典①Thegovernmenthasaninterestinimportingscientificequipment.政府对引进科学设备非常感兴趣。②Thestoresellstentsandothercampingequipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营设备。自我探究equipment为不可数名词，意为“设备，装备”。表示件数用piece，表示“一套设备”用asetofequipment。③Theirschoolsareverypoorly/wellequipped.他们学校设备很差/很好。④It’sgoingtocost$4milliontoequipthehospital.装备这所医院将要花费400万美元。⑤Thecourseaimstoequippeoplewiththeskillsnecessaryforajobinthistechnologicalage.本课程旨在使人们掌握科技时代工作所必需的技能。牛刀小试Ifyouwanttobuy________，itwilltaketheschoolalotofmoney.A．suchgoodequipmentB．suchgoodequipmentsC．sogoodequipmentD．sogoodequipments解析：选A。equipment为不可数名词，排除B、D两项；such修饰名词而so修饰形容词或者副词，故选A项。3Whenweusemetals，itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances，forexample，waterandoxygen.当我们使用金属的时候，重要的一点是要知道它们和不同的物体，比如水和氧气，是怎样发生反应的。品味经典①Hydrogenreactswithoxygen.氢气和氧气发生反应。②Howdidhereacttothenews?他对这个消息作何反应？③Hereactedagainsthisfather’sinfluence.他反抗父亲的影响。自我探究reactv．作出反应；回应。常和介词连用，但与不同的介词连用，意思也不同。reactto

反应；reactagainst反抗，反对；reactwith与……发生反应。④Whatwashisreactiontothenews?他对这消息的反应如何？牛刀小试用介词with；to；against填空(1)Thewaterwasreacting________theferrousironinthetank.答案：with(2)Howdidthearchitectsreact________Garner’sdesignrequirements?答案：to(3)Thepeoplesoonreacted________thetyrannical(专制的)system.答案：against4Aim：Tofindoutifironrusts(a)indryair；(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit(air­freewater)；(c)inordinarywater.目的：验证铁在下列情况下是否会生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在不含空气的水中；(c)在普通的水中。品味经典①Whatisyouraiminlife?你的生活目标是什么？②Themainaimofthecourseistoimproveyourwriting.这门课程的主要目的是提高你的写作能力。③Hehasonlyoneaiminlife—tobecomerich.他活着只有一个目的——发财。自我探究aim可数名词，意为“目标，目的”。归纳拓展aimlessadj.漫无目的的aimvt.瞄准；针对；旨在aimatsth.向……瞄准aimtodo/atdoingsth.致力于做……takeaimat...向……瞄准④Thehuntertookaimatthelion.猎人瞄准了狮子。⑤WeaimtofinishtheworkbyFriday.我们打算在周五前完成这项工作。⑥Everythingiseasywhenyouaimhighproperly.人若有志，万事可为。⑦Heaimsatbecomingascientist.他立志当一名科学家。牛刀小试Loveis________wayoflife，butnot________aimofit.A．the；theB．a；theC．a；anD．the；an解析：选B。考查冠词。awayoflife“生活的方式”；第二处用定冠词，表示“生活的目的”。5Thenailsrustinthetubewithordinarywater.铁钉在存有普通水的试管中会生锈。品味经典①Thisprogramgivesordinaryviewersachancetomaketheirvoice(s)heard.这个节目给普通观众提供了一个发表意见的机会。②Weweredressedupforthepartybutshewasstillinherordinaryclothes.我们都盛装赴会，而她却依然日常装束。自我探究ordinaryadj.意为“普通的，平常的”。易混辨析common，normal，usual，ordinary(1)common共同的，到处可见的，强调普遍性；(2)normal正常的，合乎标准的，强调在正常情况下应有的；(3)ordinary平凡无奇的，普通的，强调不特殊；(4)usual经常的，一贯如此的，强调习惯性。③Wesharecommonexperiencesandfacecommontasks.我们有共同的经历，也面临共同的任务。Heisanormalchildineveryway.他是一个各方面都正常的孩子。④It’susualtohaveaholidayinthesummer.夏天休假是惯例。⑤Ithoughtitwasaprettyordinaryperformance.我认为那是一场很一般的演出。牛刀小试选用common，normal，usual，ordinary填空(1)经常看到夫妇两人穿的很相似。It’squite________toseecoupleswhodressalike.答案：common(2)现在家用电器已经步入普通家庭。Nowelectricalapplianceshaveenteredinto________families.答案：ordinary(3)他的体温比正常体温高两度。Histemperaturewastwodegreesabove________.答案：normal(4)像平时那样，王葳骑车在我的前面。WangWeirodeinfrontofmeas________.答案：usual6Leavethetubeforoneweek.将试管放置一周。品味经典①Don’tleavethelightonwhenyouarenotintheroom.不在房间时别让灯开着。②Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.别让她在外面雨里等着。③Leavethingsastheyare.让一切保持原样，什么都别动。④Whenhewasthreehismotherdied，leavinghimanorphan.他三岁那年母亲去世了，丢下他成了孤儿。⑤Leavethericetocookfor20minutes.把米饭煮20分钟。自我探究leave在此为及物动词，意为“使……处于某种状态”。常跟复合宾语，结构为：leave＋sb./sth.＋adj./v.­ing/todo/介词短语/n./过去分词。牛刀小试用所给词的正确形式填空(1)You’dbetterleavethedrawing­roomdoor________(open)．答案：open(2)Roseleftherhomework________(undo)andwentbowling.答案：undone(3)AterribleearthquakehitJapan，leavingthousandsofpassengers________(wait)inairports.答案：waiting(4)Usingcorntomakeethanol(酒精)meanslesscornisleft________(feed)animalsandpeople，whichdrivesupthecostoffood.答案：tofeed7Conclusion：Irondoesnotrustindryair.结论：铁在干燥空气中不生锈。品味经典①－Whatconclusiondidyoucometo?你得出了什么结论？—WecametotheconclusionthathemusthaveleftforBeijing.我们得出的结论是他一定已经去北京了。②Theydrewdifferentconclusionsfromthefacts.他们从这些事实中得出了不同的结论。③Thediscussionwasbroughttoaconclusion.讨论结束了。④Makeaconclusionaboutwhatwecandotokeephealthyanddrawaconclusionaccordingtoothers’answers.总结我们怎样保持健康，并根据别人的回答作一个总结。⑤Inconclusion，remembernobodyisperfect.总之，记住没有人是完美的。自我探究conclusion可数名词，意为“结论”。构成的短语有：arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论。bring...toaconclusion……最后定论；结束……makeaconclusion得出结论Inconclusion最后，总之⑥Whatcanyouconcludefromtheseobservations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？⑦Weconcludedtogoout/thatwewouldgoout.我们决定出去。⑧Themeetingconcludedat8o’clock.会议在八点结束。牛刀小试The________，Ithink，hedrewfromhissimpleexperimentisnotscientific.A．attentionB．conclusionC．promiseD．relation解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：我认为他从简单的实验中得出的结论是不科学的。drawaconclusion“得出结论”；drawone’sattention“引起某人注意”。Addsomeoiltothewater.往水里加些油。品味经典①Doyouaddsugartothetea?你喝茶加糖吗？②PleaseaddAngela’snametothelist.请在名单上加上安吉拉的名字。自我探究add...to...意为“将……添加到……(中去)”，to是介词，后跟名词或代词。③Booksaddtothepleasureoflife.书籍为生活增添了乐趣。④Thesnowstormaddedtoourdifficulties.暴风雪增加了我们的困难。⑤Addup6,7and8andyou’llget21.把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。牛刀小试Thewoodsandtheriverthroughthecampus________thebeautyofthisworld­knownuniversity.A．addupB．addtoC．areaddedupD．areaddedto解析：选B。考查短语动词。addto“增添”的意思。句意：小树林和新挖的贯穿校园的小河增添了这所世界著名大学的美丽。Balance品味经典①Willyouweightheapplesinthebalance?你用天平称一称这些苹果好吗？②Ithinkitisimportanttohaveabalancebetweenstudyandasociallife，soI’mgoingtojoinafewclubs.我认为保持学习和社交的平衡很重要，所以我打算参加几个社团。③Ridersneedagoodsenseofbalance.骑车的人必须要保持良好的平衡感。④Thegirllostherbalanceandfelloffthebalancebeam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。⑤Itisimportanttokeepthebalanceofnature.保持生态平衡非常重要。自我探究balancen．意为“天平；平衡”。作平衡讲时，可构成以下短语：keep/loseone’sbalance保持/失去平衡agoodsenseofbalance良好的平衡感keepthe_balance_of_nature保持生态平衡⑥Whenyoumakeadecision，you’dbetterbalancetheadvantageanddisadvantage.你做决定时最好权衡一下得失。牛刀小试Weshouldtryourbesttokeep________balanceof________nature.A．the；the

B．the；/C．/；/D．/；the解析：选B。因后面有定语所以balance前使用定冠词。名词nature前一般不使用冠词。10Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。品味经典①Isitnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗？②Ifinditisnecessarytotakeexerciseeveryday.我认为每天锻炼很有必要。句型巧析③Itisnogoodstayinguptoolate.熬夜没有好处。④Itisquiteclearthathehasreadthebook.很显然，他读过这本书。自我探究不定式作主语时，如果主语较长，往往使用it作形式主语，把实际主语(不定式)移到谓语之后，形成“it＋谓语＋(作主语的)动词不定式”结构。it还可以代替v.­ing形式或从句作形式主语。牛刀小试________feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.A．One

B．ThisC．ItD．That解析：选C。本题考查it作形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语“watchingmyselfonTV”。A项用于指代单数可数名词；B、D两项分别为近指或远指代词，意为“这个；那个”。11Belowisadescriptionofasimplescientificexperiment.品味经典下面是一个简单的科学实验的描述。①Herecomesthebus!公共汽车来了！②HerearesomepicturesofJohnwhenhewaslittle.这是约翰小时候的照片。③Belowisalistoftenthingsthathappenedtoday.下面列出的是今天发生的十件事情。自我探究此句是一个完全倒装句型。表示方位的副词，如there，here，up，down，out，in，away，off，below等，位于句首，且句子主语是名词时，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，构成全部倒装。此种倒装只限于主语是名词的情况下，若主语是代词，则不倒装。牛刀小试Atthefootofthemountain________.A．avillagelie

B．liesavillageC．doesavillagelieD．lyingavillage解析：选B。考查倒装句的用法。此题为全部倒装句，正常语序为：Avillageliesatthefootofthemountain.PassageAItishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.Differentmetalshavedifferentuses，forexample，steelisusedincars，andironisusedinelectricalequipment.Whenweusemetals，itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances，forexample，waterandoxygen.Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder.Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop，andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.译文助读*anoxide＝anothersubstance＋oxygenPassageBASimpleScientificExperimentBelowisadescriptionofasimplescientificexperiment.Itshowsushowironreactswithairandwithwater.Aim：Tofindoutifironrusts(a)indryair；(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit(air­freewater)；(c)inordinarywater.Apparatus：3cleanironnails；testtubes；testtubeholder；cottonwool；oil；Bunsenburner.IronindryairMethod(1)Putsomeironnailsatthebottomofatesttube.(2)Pushsomecottonwooldownthetube.(3)Leavethetubeforoneweek.ResultAfteroneweek，thenailshavenotrusted.ConclusionIrondoesnotrustindryair.Ironinair­freewaterMethod(1)Half­fillatesttubewithwater.(2)Boilthewaterforthreeminutes.(Thismakessurethereisnoairinthewater.)(3)Puttwoorthreecleannailsinthewater.(4)Add