2024-2025学年湖北省高三下学期4月期中联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省2024-2025学年高三下学期4月期中联考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHereareseveralplaceswhichwillsurpriseyou.DeathValley,California,USAVerylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.Kebili,TunisiaTunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.Datepalmsareoneofthekeyfeaturesofthisplace.WādīHalfā,SudanThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.YouwouldthinkthatitshouldbealittlebitcoolerforitisthemostnorthernplaceinSudan.Dasht-eLutDesert,IranIt’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.1.WhatcanwesayaboutDeathValley?A.Thereislittlerainfallinit. B.Over1,000peoplelivethere.C.Thereisnothingbutdryhotsandinit. D.Itsaveragetemperatureis56.7℃.2.Whichplacehasthehighesttemperatureeverrecorded?A.DeathValley. B.Dasht-eLutDesert.C.WādīHalfā. D.Kebili.3.Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A.Theyareplacessuitabletosettlein.B.Theyarelocatedclosetodeserts.C.Theyarethehottestplacesonearth.D.Theyaremorepopularwithtouriststhanotherplaces.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让人大吃一惊的四个不同的地方，它们共同的特点是都非常炎热。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据“DeathValley,California,USA”下文详细介绍“Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.(这个地方晚上很热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，只不过是干热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干旱的地方，这个地方实际上有人居住，尽管那里只有不到1000人。)”可知DeathValley是美国最干旱的地区；由此可知，这个地方很少下雨。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“DeathValley,California,USA”下文中的“Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.(它实际上保持着最高气温的记录。它的平均气温为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。)”、“Kebili,Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。)”、“WādīHalfā,Sudan”下文中的“Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.(这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran”下文中的“It’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.(这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，已有温度达到了70℃的记录。)”可知，有记载的最高温度在伊朗的Dasht-eLut沙漠，达到70℃。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据“DeathValley,California,USA”下文中的“Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.(晚上非常热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，这个地方只不过是干燥炎热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46°C，但在1913年已达到56.7°C，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干燥的地方，这个地方实际上也有人居住，尽管只有不到一千人居住在那里。)”、“Kebili,Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。居住在该地区的人们已经适应了恶劣的条件，并学会了大部分时间都在阴凉处度过。)”、“WādīHalfā,Sudan”下文中的“ThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.(这座城市位于努比亚湖畔，沙尘暴在夏天是很常见的事情。这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran”下文中的“It’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.(这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，气温达到了70℃。盐沙漠绵延200多英里，甚至连野生动物都没有那么广泛。这个地方很受想体验极端风景的游客和博物学家的欢迎。)”可知，这四个地区共同之处是它们都是地球上最热的地方。故选C。BRecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.Inwinter,theabilitytoreachshelterforthenightcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Oneoftheveryearliestway-marksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.Thisappliedtoremotepartsofthecountrywheretheremightbeconfusionastowhichpathledtothenearestmarkettown.Later,withtheappearanceoftheRoyalMail,thenumberrosestillfurther.Nowadaysmanyoftheseearlyroadsignsaredesignated(指定)asListedMonuments.“Howtimeschange!”Lucy,anenthusiasticwalker,towhomIloanedthebook,exclaimed.“Isupposenowweallrelyfarmoreuponmobilephonestoguideus.”“Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”Lucyisquiterightthere.Lifeitselfcanofferusagreatmanychoicesofpath,andsometimesitisn’teasytoknowifwe’vechosenthebestone.Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.Afterall,we’dbelostwithoutthem!4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Signposts. B.Abilities. C.Settlements. D.Shelters.5.Whatcontributedtotheinitialspreadofsignposts?A.Themarkettrade. B.Theactpassedin1697.C.Thediscoveryofthesandstone. D.TheappearanceoftheRoyalMail.6.WhatdoesLucythinkofsignposts?A.Popular. B.Outdated. C.Imperfect. D.Helpful.7.Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromsignposts?A.Tochooserighttracks. B.Toliveacolorfullife.C.Tohaveagratefulmind. D.Toofferpracticalchoices.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书，以及从书中掌握了解到关于路标的知识。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!(最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及划线词所在句“Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.(当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些)”可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.(最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标)”可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段““Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”(“然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。“无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，”她补充说，“我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。”)”可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.(也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！)”可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C项。CScientistsatPurdueUniversitycreatedtheworld’swhitestpaint—adiscoverythatnotonlyaddsyetanotherchoicetothe“whichwhiteshouldwepaintthiswall”dilemma,butalsomighthelptheclimatecrisis.ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.“Whenwestartedthisprojectsevenyearsago,wehadsavingenergyandfightingclimatechangeinmind,”Ruansaidinapodcast(播客)episodeofThisIsPurdue.Theywantedtocreateapaintthatwouldreflectsunlightawayfromabuilding,dramaticallydecreasingtheneedforairconditioning.Heating,cooling,andlightingaccountfor28percentoftheworld’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Andoverusingairconditioningcanoverwhelmacity’spowergridandcauseblackouts(停电).InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(红外线的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(浇)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.8.Whatisknownaboutthepaint?A.Ithasdifferentcolors. B.Itdoesn’tcostmuch.C.Itusesheatingtechnology. D.Itisclimate-friendly.9.WhatistheQueensblackoutmentionedtoshow?A.Thepoormanagementofpower. B.Thesignificanceofthepaint.C.Theimportanceofairconditioning. D.Theresultofglobalwarming.10.WhichaspectofthepaintistalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Itsapplication. B.Itsfunction.C.Itscomposition. D.Itsdisadvantage.11.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Thequalityofthepaintneedsimproving.B.Thepaintwillbringprofitstothe100companies.C.Researcherswanttoseethepaintincommercialuse.D.Individualeffortsmatterincreatingthewhitestpaint.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了普渡大学的科学家们创造了世界上最白的涂料——这一发现不仅为“我们应该把这面墙涂成哪种白色”的困境增加了另一个选择，而且可能有助于解决气候危机。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.”（这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。）可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.”（在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。）可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(红外线的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.”（这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。“这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，”阮告诉ThisIsPurdue。）可知，第4段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(浇)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.”（你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。）可推知，从最后一段可以得知研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C项。DHumanresponsestomoraldilemmas(两难选择)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Thefindingsindicatethatusersmayunderestimatetheextenttowhichtheirownmoraljudgmentscanbeinfluencedbythechatbot.SebastianKrigelandcolleaguesaskedChatGPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice(牺牲)thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立场).Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.participants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,withadilemmawhethertosacrificeoneperson’slifetosavefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participantsreadastatementprovidedbyChatGPTarguingeitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosavefive.StatementswerefromeitheramoraladvisororChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswereaskedwhetherthestatementtheyreadinfluencedtheiranswers.Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthattheiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestatementstheyread.However,theauthorsfoundthattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywouldhaveprovidedwithoutreadingthestatementswerestillmorelikelytoagreewiththemoralstanceofthestatementtheydidreadthanwiththeoppositestance.ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.12.WhatareChatGPT’sanswerstoacertainmoralstancelikeaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Inconsistent. B.Valuable. C.Creative. D.Simple.13.Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?A.TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.B.Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.C.TheywereaffectedbyChatGPTunknowingly.D.Theywerepresentedwithdifferentmoraldilemmas.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Differentfindingsofthestudy. B.Futurepotentialsforchatbots.C.Majorfocusesoffutureeducation. D.Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanics B.ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?C.ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervous? D.ChatGPTCanInfluenceHumanMoralJudgments【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立场).(他们发现，ChatGPT随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们提出，未来的研究应该设计出这样的聊天机器人：要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(两难选择)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写言论的影响)”以及倒数第二段“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”并结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.____16____XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.____17____Andinthe20thcenturybothSunYat-senandZhouEnlaiwerebigfansofthegame.And,thoughitmaylookquiteabitdifferentthanWesternchess,Xiangqiisactuallyquitesimilarinwhatthepiecescandoandhowthegameisplayed.LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.____18____UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.____19____ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隐喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.____20____A.Actually,inXiangqiheisjustageneral.B.DuringtheQingDynastyitspopularitygrew.C.Itiscalled“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”.D.ThegameiscalledXiangqi,agameofordinarypeople.E.TherearemanydifferencesbetweenXiangqiandWesternchess.F.Anintensebattleisabouttotakeplaceonthissmallchessboard.G.SeveralsayingsrelatedtoXiangqiareincommonuseinChinatoday.【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.C20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。【16题详析】上文“IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着T恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。【17题详析】根据上文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。【18题详析】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。【19题详析】上文“UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。【20题详析】根据上文“Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隐喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onesummernightinaseasidecottage,asmallboywasinbed,soundasleep.Suddenly,hefelthimself____21____frombedandcarriedinhisfather’sarmsontothebeach.Overheadwastheclearstarrysky.“Watch!”Ashisfatherspoke,____22____,oneofthestarsmoved.It____23____acrosstheskylikeagoldenfire.Andbeforethe____24____ofthiscouldfade,anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...“Whatisit?”thechildaskedin____25____.“Shootingstars.They____26____everyyearonacertainnightinAugust.”Thatwasall:justan____27____encounterofsomethingmagicandbeautiful.But,backinbed,thechildstaredintothedark,withmindfullofthefallingstars.Iwasthe____28____seven-year-oldboywhosefatherbelievedthatanewexperience____29____moreforasmallboythananunbrokennight’ssleep.Thatnight,myfatheropenedadoorforhischild,leadinghimintoanareaofsplendid____30____.Childrenarenaturallycurious,buttheyneedsomeoneto____31____them.Thisartofaddingnewdimensionstoachild’sworlddoesn’t____32____requireagreatdealoftime.Itsimply____33____doingthingsmoreoftenwithchildreninsteadofforthemortothem.Goodparentsknowthis:Themostpreciousgifttheycangiveachildistosparktheirflameof____34____Thatnightisstilldeeply____35____inmymemory.Nextyear,whenAugustcomeswithitsshootingstars,mysonwillbeseven.21.A.hidden B.robbed C.lifted D.kicked22.A.incredibly B.accidentally C.apparently D.actually23.A.exploded B.circled C.spread D.flashed24.A.success B.wonder C.exhibition D.discovery25.A.amazement B.horror C.relief D.delight26.A.blowup B.turnup C.showoff D.giveout27.A.uncomfortable B.unbearable C.undetected D.unexpected28.A.curious B.determined C.fortunate D.chosen29.A.worked B.mattered C.deserved D.proved30.A.newness B.emptiness C.freedom D.innovation31.A.protect B.challenge C.guide D.believe32.A.absolutely B.basically C.possibly D.necessarily33.A.involves B.risks C.admits D.resists34.A.hope B.curiosity C.faith D.wisdom35.A.trapped B.set C.lost D.rooted【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了我的父亲在我七岁时的一个晚上抱我到海滩看流星，激发了我的好奇心。进而提到好的父母都知道给孩子的最珍贵的礼物就是激发他们的好奇心。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，他感到自己被从床上抱起来，被父亲抱到海滩上。A.hidden隐藏；B.robbed抢劫；C.lifted抬起；移开；移动；D.kicked踢。根据下文“andcarriedinhisfather’sarmsontothebeach”可知，此处指他被父亲从床上抱起来，故选C。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：头顶上是晴朗的星空。“看！”当他的父亲说话时，令人难以置信的是，其中一颗星星动了。A.incredibly不可思议地；B.accidentally意外地；C.apparently明显地；D.actually事实上。根据上文“Watch!”及下文“oneofthestarsmoved”可知，一颗星星在他父亲说话的时候开始移动，这让人觉得不可思议。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它像一团金色的火焰划过天空。A.exploded爆炸；B.circled环绕；盘旋；C.spread传播；D.flashed飞速运动；掠过。根据下文“acrosstheskylikeagoldenfire.Andbeforetheofthiscouldfade,anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，此处指星星划过夜空，故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这奇迹消失之前，另一颗星星从原来的位置跃出，接着又一颗……。A.success成功；B.wonder奇迹；C.exhibition展览；D.discovery发现。根据上文“oneofthestarsmoved.”及下文“anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，一颗接着一颗星星不断的在天空中划过，这是一个奇迹。故选B。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是什么？”孩子惊奇地问。A.amazement惊奇；惊愕；B.horror惊骇；C.relief安慰；减轻；D.delight高兴。根据上文“oneofthestarsmoved.”及下文“anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，星星一颗接着一颗从天空中划过的景象，对孩子来说是很惊讶的事。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“流星。它们每年八月的某个晚上都会出现。”A.blowup爆发；爆炸；B.turnup出现；发生；C.showoff炫耀；D.giveout用光；耗尽。根据上文“oneofthestarsmoved.”及下文“anotherstarleaptfromitsplace,thenanother...”可知，此处指每年八月的某个晚上流星都会出现。故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是一切：只是一种神奇而美丽的东西的意外相遇。但是，回到床上，孩子盯着黑暗，满脑子都是流星。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.unbearable难以忍受的；C.undetected未被发现的；未被觉察的；D.unexpected意外的；突如其来的。根据上文“Shootingstars”及下文“encounterofsomethingmagicandbeautiful”可知，此处指男孩意外看到流星，故选D。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我就是那个幸运的七岁男孩，我的父亲认为，对一个小男孩来说，新的经历比一夜的安稳睡眠更重要。A.curious好奇的；B.de