2026届高考英语人教版（2019）大一轮复习UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION

第第页UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONⅠ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)ADuringspacemissions,astronautscanexperiencealossofsomeoftheinnerstructuralsupportintheirbones.Fortripsinspacelastingatleastsixmonths,thatlossisequaltoabout20yearsofaging.Luckily,anewstudyfindsayearbackonEarthrebuildshalfofthestrengthlostintheaffectedbones.ExercisescientistLeighGabelwaspartofateamthattracked17astronauts,eachofwhomhadspentfourtosevenmonthsinspace.Theteammeasuredthe3-Dstructureofbones.Theyfocusedonthestructureofthetibia(胫骨)andthelower-armbone.Theresearcherstookimagesofthebones3times—beforespaceflightandagainsixmonthsandoneyearlaterwhentheastronautsreturnedhomefromspace.Fromthesepictures,Gabel’steamcalculatedanastronaut’sbonestrengthanddensity(密度)ateachofthosetimes.Whatdidtheyfindthroughcomparisonofthepictures?AstronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsregainedtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonEarth.Butthosewhostayedinspacelongersufferedpermanentbonelossintheirtibias.Thatlosswasequaltoadecadeofaging.Thelower-armbonesshowedalmostnoloss.Thatwaslikelybecausethesearen’tweight-bearingbonesonEarth,Gabelexplains.Infact,thosearmscangetabiggerworkoutinspacethanonEarthasastronautsusethemtomovearoundtheircraftbypushingoffhandlesanddoors.“Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpalleviate(缓解)bonelossinthelegs,”saysStevenBoyd,alsoanexercisescientist.“Withlongerspaceflights,wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery,”saysphysiologistLaurenceVico.“Spaceagenciesshouldalsoconsiderotherbonehealthmeasures,suchasnutrition,toreducebonelossandincreaseboneformation.”()1.WhydidGabel’steamtakepicturesatdifferenttimes?[A]Toofferevidencefortheirpredictions.[B]Toshowtheirrespectfortheastronauts.[C]Tocomparethechangesintheastronauts’bones.[D]Tofindouttheproperlengthofstayinginspaceforastronauts.()2.WhichofthefollowingmayGabelagreewith?[A]Aspaceflightinlessthanhalfayeardoesnoharmtoastronauts.[B]Astronautscomingbackfromaspaceflightlookmucholder.[C]Astronautscanavoidbonelossthroughdoingenoughexercise.[D]Thereisalmostnodifferenceintheastronauts’lower-armbones.()3.Whatcanweconcludefromthistext?[A]PeopleonEarthneversufferboneloss.[B]Thefindingofthenewstudyisgoodnewsforastronauts.[C]The17astronautsknewthebonelossbeforetheirspaceflights.[D]AstronautscanregaintheirbonestrengthassoonastheyreturntoEarth.BShouldhumansexplorespace?Ifyouaskme,I’lldefinitelygiveapositiveanswer.Theexplorationofspacehasadirectimpactonthelivesofhumans,aswellasthestateofourworld.Satellites(卫星)movingaroundEarthenablecommunicationacrosstheworld,connectingpeopleofdifferentcontinentsandbroadcastinginformationworldwide.Thepositioningsystemcanidentifyourlocationanywhere.Furthermore,weathersatellitescanpredictharmfulweatherconditions,whichallowshumanstopreparefordeadlynaturaldisastersandsavelives.Spaceprogrammescanalsoindirectlycontributetothesolutiontopovertyandworldhunger.Forexample,largepiecesoflandcouldbeusedfarbetterifhumansappliedtechnologies.Themosteffectivetoolistheartificial(人造的)earthsatellite.Itcanscreenareasoflandwithinaveryshorttime,indicatingusefulmeasuressuchastheconditionofcrops,soil,rainfall,anddroughts.ItcanthensendthisinformationtogroundstationsonEarthforbetteruse.Furthermore,accesstobettereducationmeansbetterlifeprospectsandopportunitiesforhumanbeings.Rural(乡村的)communitieshavedisadvantagedaccesstoeducationandsatellitecommunicationtechnologiesaretryingtobridgethisgap.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,studentscannowaccessanyinformationandconnectwithpeersandteachersindifferentpartsoftheworldthroughvideoconferencesandthecreationofvirtualclassrooms.Spaceexplorationissomethingwecandoforfuturegenerations.Mankindisusingtheresourcesprovidedontheplanet,butthesewillrunoutoneday.Overpopulationcanbeathreatforallmankind.Withthedevelopmentofspacetechnology,itwillbewisetouseandexplorethevastpotentialofotherplanets,suchastheavailabilityofminingresourcesonasteroids(小行星)orotherplanets.Fortheexplorationoftheuniverse,perhapsthemostadvantageousofallisthatitwilluniteustoworktogetherforacommonpurpose,regardlessofourdifferences.()4.WhatcanspaceexplorationdoaccordingtoParagraph2?[A]ImprovethetrafficonEarth.[B]Promotetravelbetweencountries.[C]Helppreventdeadlynaturaldisasters.[D]Helphumanscommunicateandexchangeinformation.()5.Howcanspaceprogrammeshelpwithpovertyandworldhunger?[A]Bybenefitingcropproductionwithartificialearthsatellites.[B]Bytransportingfoodworldwidemoreeasily.[C]Bycreatingjobopportunitiesforthepoor.[D]Byprotectingavailablelandresources.()6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofminingresourcesonotherplanets?[A]Time-wasting.[B]Arguable.[C]Necessary.[D]Educational.()7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?[A]WhyIsSpaceExplorationImportant?[B]WhyShouldHumankindKeepExploring?[C]WhyShouldWeImproveSpaceTechnology?[D]WhyShouldHumansKeepDevelopingTechnologies?CTheFederalCommunicationsCommissionoftheUSissuedthefineforspacejunk.Thesatellitetelevisioncompanyfailedtoproperlydealwithoneofitssatellites,leavingitatalowerorbitthanitpromisedwhensecuringitslicense.Somespacejunkwasdiscardedduringmissions—maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.Otherjunk,however,istheresultofcollisions:Eventhatluckypenny,travelingat15timesthespeedofabullet,cancausehugedamage—endingasatellite’smissionor,worse,breakingthatsatelliteintopieces.That’sobviouslybadnewsforsatellites.Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.Andwhiletrafficmanagementiscertainlynecessary,piecesofgarbagearenevergoingtobeabletofolloweventhemostsensiblerulesoftheorbitalroad.Thatmeanstwothingsneedtohappen:Peopleneedtostoplittering,andtheyneedtotakeoutsometrash.Theprofessionals,unsurprisingly,havemorecarefullyconsiderednamesfortheseprocesses—mitigation(减轻)andremediation(补救).Anytimeacompanywantstoputasatelliteinthesky,itshouldhaveaclearplanfortheinstrument’sendoflife.Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步轨道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillburnupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.Activeremovalofgarbagethathasfailedtogetoutofthewayistechnicallytricky,butatleastforlargeobjects,remediationispossible.Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(协定)toseta21stcenturycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.()8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inParagraph2mean?[A]Collectedup.[B]Thrownaway.[C]Produced.[D]Ignored.()9.Whycan’twereducethenumberofsatelliteslaunchedeveryyear?[A]Thesatellitesbenefitourlifealot.[B]Weneednewsatellitestoreplaceoldones.[C]Countriesareusingsatellitestooccupyspace.[D]Wemustmakeadeeperexplorationintotheuniverse.()10.Whichofthefollowingarethemeasuresofstoplittering?①Sendingsatellitestothe“graveyard”orbit.②Movingobjectslowerstill.③Activeremovalofdebris.[A]①② [B]②③[C]①③ [D]①②③()11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?[A]Toprovidesolutionstospacejunk.[B]Toexplainthedamageofspacejunk.[C]Tocalluponcountriestofinecompaniesmakingspacejunk.[D]Toappealtonationsfortheprotectionofspaceenvironment.Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)Thiswasthebiggame.Theboyswere1andexcited.Itwasaclearnight,andmysonAndy’sbaseballteam,whichhad2allyear,hadshockedthebetterteamsbymakingittothischampionshipgame.Theatmospherewas3:Theotherteam’sslugger(强击手),abigkid,waslikeasnake,dangerousandreadyto4.

Nervously,IlookedoutAndy’sway.Iwas5toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky!Obviouslyhewasn’t6onthegame.Iwashorrifiedthathewouldn’tevenknowtheballwascoming.“Comeon,Andy.7outthere,”Isaidtomyself.However,thebigkidmadeamistake.We(AndyandI)hadbeen8andourteamstillledbyonerun.

Andyranuptomeatthe9.Iwasaboutto10himwhenhesaidloudly,“Didyouseethatshootingstar?”Andy’seyeswereglowing(发光)with11.Ipaused.“Yes,”Isaid.“Well,oneinning(局)togo.Hitahomerun(全垒打)!Okay!”saidAndy,andheranbacktohis12.

Isuddenlyrealiseditwasnicemysonwouldtaketimeoutto13thewonderandbeautyinlife.Youmightbesurprisedbythebeautyyoucanfindwhenyouleast14it.Andyhitatriple(三垒打)inthatlastinning.ButIstillwishIhad15thatshootingstar,too.

()1.[A]nervous [B]scared[C]curious [D]ashamed()2.[A]waited [B]struggled[C]said [D]run()3.[A]electric [B]friendly[C]casual [D]romantic()4.[A]escape [B]erupt[C]jump [D]strike()5.[A]amused [B]content[C]shocked [D]proud()6.[A]carrying [B]focusing[C]commenting [D]reflecting()7.[A]Settledown [B]Standup[C]Wakeup [D]Liedown()8.[A]informed [B]punished[C]warned [D]spared()9.[A]meeting [B]break[C]corner [D]entrance()10.[A]blame [B]comfort[C]entertain [D]threaten()11.[A]anger [B]anxiety[C]excitement [D]confidence()12.[A]teammates [B]fans[C]parents [D]stars()13.[A]create [B]research[C]explain [D]appreciate()14.[A]need [B]expect[C]afford [D]suspect()15.[A]become [B]filmed[C]seen [D]followedUNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONⅠ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)ADuringspacemissions,astronautscanexperiencealossofsomeoftheinnerstructuralsupportintheirbones.Fortripsinspacelastingatleastsixmonths,thatlossisequaltoabout20yearsofaging.Luckily,anewstudyfindsayearbackonEarthrebuildshalfofthestrengthlostintheaffectedbones.ExercisescientistLeighGabelwaspartofateamthattracked17astronauts,eachofwhomhadspentfourtosevenmonthsinspace.Theteammeasuredthe3-Dstructureofbones.Theyfocusedonthestructureofthetibia(胫骨)andthelower-armbone.Theresearcherstookimagesofthebones3times—beforespaceflightandagainsixmonthsandoneyearlaterwhentheastronautsreturnedhomefromspace.Fromthesepictures,Gabel’steamcalculatedanastronaut’sbonestrengthanddensity(密度)ateachofthosetimes.Whatdidtheyfindthroughcomparisonofthepictures?AstronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsregainedtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonEarth.Butthosewhostayedinspacelongersufferedpermanentbonelossintheirtibias.Thatlosswasequaltoadecadeofaging.Thelower-armbonesshowedalmostnoloss.Thatwaslikelybecausethesearen’tweight-bearingbonesonEarth,Gabelexplains.Infact,thosearmscangetabiggerworkoutinspacethanonEarthasastronautsusethemtomovearoundtheircraftbypushingoffhandlesanddoors.“Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpalleviate(缓解)bonelossinthelegs,”saysStevenBoyd,alsoanexercisescientist.“Withlongerspaceflights,wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery,”saysphysiologistLaurenceVico.“Spaceagenciesshouldalsoconsiderotherbonehealthmeasures,suchasnutrition,toreducebonelossandincreaseboneformation.”【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章探讨了太空旅行对航天员骨骼的影响。()1.WhydidGabel’steamtakepicturesatdifferenttimes?[A]Toofferevidencefortheirpredictions.[B]Toshowtheirrespectfortheastronauts.[C]Tocomparethechangesintheastronauts’bones.[D]Tofindouttheproperlengthofstayinginspaceforastronauts.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,研究人员对航天员不同时间的骨头拍摄了三次照片,进而对航天员每个时间的骨骼强度和密度进行计算,结合第三段中的“Whatdidtheyfindthroughcomparisonofthepictures?”可知,研究人员对这些图片进行比对来发现航天员骨骼的变化,由此可知,研究团队在不同时间拍摄照片是为了比较航天员骨骼的变化。故选C。()2.WhichofthefollowingmayGabelagreewith?[A]Aspaceflightinlessthanhalfayeardoesnoharmtoastronauts.[B]Astronautscomingbackfromaspaceflightlookmucholder.[C]Astronautscanavoidbonelossthroughdoingenoughexercise.[D]Thereisalmostnodifferenceintheastronauts’lower-armbones.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thelower-armbonesshowed...onEarth,Gabelexplains.”可知,Gabel应该同意“航天员的小臂骨几乎没有什么变化”这一观点。故选D。()3.Whatcanweconcludefromthistext?[A]PeopleonEarthneversufferboneloss.[B]Thefindingofthenewstudyisgoodnewsforastronauts.[C]The17astronautsknewthebonelossbeforetheirspaceflights.[D]AstronautscanregaintheirbonestrengthassoonastheyreturntoEarth.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Luckily,anewstudyfinds...theaffectedbones.”可知,一项新的研究发现,航天员们回到地球之后受影响的骨骼有所修复,因此这对航天员来说应该是一个好消息。故选B。BShouldhumansexplorespace?Ifyouaskme,I’lldefinitelygiveapositiveanswer.Theexplorationofspacehasadirectimpactonthelivesofhumans,aswellasthestateofourworld.Satellites(卫星)movingaroundEarthenablecommunicationacrosstheworld,connectingpeopleofdifferentcontinentsandbroadcastinginformationworldwide.Thepositioningsystemcanidentifyourlocationanywhere.Furthermore,weathersatellitescanpredictharmfulweatherconditions,whichallowshumanstopreparefordeadlynaturaldisastersandsavelives.Spaceprogrammescanalsoindirectlycontributetothesolutiontopovertyandworldhunger.Forexample,largepiecesoflandcouldbeusedfarbetterifhumansappliedtechnologies.Themosteffectivetoolistheartificial(人造的)earthsatellite.Itcanscreenareasoflandwithinaveryshorttime,indicatingusefulmeasuressuchastheconditionofcrops,soil,rainfall,anddroughts.ItcanthensendthisinformationtogroundstationsonEarthforbetteruse.Furthermore,accesstobettereducationmeansbetterlifeprospectsandopportunitiesforhumanbeings.Rural(乡村的)communitieshavedisadvantagedaccesstoeducationandsatellitecommunicationtechnologiesaretryingtobridgethisgap.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,studentscannowaccessanyinformationandconnectwithpeersandteachersindifferentpartsoftheworldthroughvideoconferencesandthecreationofvirtualclassrooms.Spaceexplorationissomethingwecandoforfuturegenerations.Mankindisusingtheresourcesprovidedontheplanet,butthesewillrunoutoneday.Overpopulationcanbeathreatforallmankind.Withthedevelopmentofspacetechnology,itwillbewisetouseandexplorethevastpotentialofotherplanets,suchastheavailabilityofminingresourcesonasteroids(小行星)orotherplanets.Fortheexplorationoftheuniverse,perhapsthemostadvantageousofallisthatitwilluniteustoworktogetherforacommonpurpose,regardlessofourdifferences.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章具体介绍了进行太空探索的好处和必要性。()4.WhatcanspaceexplorationdoaccordingtoParagraph2?[A]ImprovethetrafficonEarth.[B]Promotetravelbetweencountries.[C]Helppreventdeadlynaturaldisasters.[D]Helphumanscommunicateandexchangeinformation.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知,太空探索可以帮助人类沟通和交换信息。故选D。()5.Howcanspaceprogrammeshelpwithpovertyandworldhunger?[A]Bybenefitingcropproductionwithartificialearthsatellites.[B]Bytransportingfoodworldwidemoreeasily.[C]Bycreatingjobopportunitiesforthepoor.[D]Byprotectingavailablelandresources.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,太空项目通过利用人造地球卫星快速筛查大片土地的各种条件,并将这些信息发送给地面站以便人们更好地利用,即对作物生产有益。故选A。()6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofminingresourcesonotherplanets?[A]Time-wasting.[B]Arguable.[C]Necessary.[D]Educational.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,地球上的资源是有限的,利用太空技术去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力是明智之举。由此可知,作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是必要的。故选C。()7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?[A]WhyIsSpaceExplorationImportant?[B]WhyShouldHumankindKeepExploring?[C]WhyShouldWeImproveSpaceTechnology?[D]WhyShouldHumansKeepDevelopingTechnologies?【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文,并结合第一段内容可知,文章认为人类应该进行太空探索,具体介绍了探索太空的好处和必要性。因此,A项符合文章主旨,适合作标题。故选A。CTheFederalCommunicationsCommissionoftheUSissuedthefineforspacejunk.Thesatellitetelevisioncompanyfailedtoproperlydealwithoneofitssatellites,leavingitatalowerorbitthanitpromisedwhensecuringitslicense.Somespacejunkwasdiscardedduringmissions—maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.Otherjunk,however,istheresultofcollisions:Eventhatluckypenny,travelingat15timesthespeedofabullet,cancausehugedamage—endingasatellite’smissionor,worse,breakingthatsatelliteintopieces.That’sobviouslybadnewsforsatellites.Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.Andwhiletrafficmanagementiscertainlynecessary,piecesofgarbagearenevergoingtobeabletofolloweventhemostsensiblerulesoftheorbitalroad.Thatmeanstwothingsneedtohappen:Peopleneedtostoplittering,andtheyneedtotakeoutsometrash.Theprofessionals,unsurprisingly,havemorecarefullyconsiderednamesfortheseprocesses—mitigation(减轻)andremediation(补救).Anytimeacompanywantstoputasatelliteinthesky,itshouldhaveaclearplanfortheinstrument’sendoflife.Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步轨道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillburnupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.Activeremovalofgarbagethathasfailedtogetoutofthewayistechnicallytricky,butatleastforlargeobjects,remediationispossible.Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(协定)toseta21stcenturycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍的是应该如何处理在人类探索太空的过程中产生的太空垃圾。()8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inParagraph2mean?[A]Collectedup.[B]Thrownaway.[C]Produced.[D]Ignored.【答案】B【解析】猜测词义题。根据第二段中的“maybeanastronautdropped...nolongerneeded”可知,此处解释的是太空垃圾的来源,可能是航天员掉落的幸运币,也可能是被丢弃的相机盖子,诸如此类都是在执行太空任务中被扔掉的事物。由此可知,discarded的意思与“thrownaway”的意义相近。故选B。()9.Whycan’twereducethenumberofsatelliteslaunchedeveryyear?[A]Thesatellitesbenefitourlifealot.[B]Weneednewsatellitestoreplaceoldones.[C]Countriesareusingsatellitestooccupyspace.[D]Wemustmakeadeeperexplorationintotheuniverse.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thesolutionisn’ttodemand...benefitstopeopleontheEarth.”可知,对于卫星会被太空垃圾摧毁,我们的解决办法不是减少发射卫星,因为这些卫星会给地球上的人带来实实在在的好处。故选A。()10.Whichofthefollowingarethemeasuresofstoplittering?①Sendingsatellitestothe“graveyard”orbit.②Movingobjectslowerstill.③Activeremovalofdebris.[A]①② [B]②③[C]①③ [D]①②③【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Forobjectsinvery...reenteringtheatmosphere.”可知,该部分讲述的是处理太空垃圾的方法,对于在非常高的地球同步轨道上的卫星,可以将其送到远离地球同步轨道的“墓地”轨道;对于较低轨道上的卫星,可以将它们移动到更低的轨道。故选A。()11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?[A]Toprovidesolutionstospacejunk.[B]Toexplainthedamageofspacejunk.[C]Tocalluponcountriestofinecompaniesmakingspacejunk.[D]Toappealtonationsfortheprotectionofspaceenvironment.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段以及上文中讲述的太空垃圾的危害和我们应该如何处理太空垃圾可知,一些国家已经开始着手处理太空垃圾,但没有一个国家能独自拯救太空,需要制定一项全球公约来维护太空。由此可知,作者旨在呼吁各个国家制定21世纪太空行为准则,共同保护太空环境。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)Thiswasthebiggame.Theboyswere1andexcited.Itwasaclearnight,andmysonAndy’sbaseballteam,whichhad2allyear,hadshockedthebetterteamsbymakingittothischampionshipgame.Theatmospherewas3:Theotherteam’sslugger(强击手),abigkid,waslikeasnake,dangerousandreadyto4.

Nervously,IlookedoutAndy’sway.Iwas5toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky!Obviouslyhewasn’t6onthegame.Iwashorrifiedthathewouldn’tevenknowtheballwascoming.“Comeon,Andy.7outthere,”Isaidtomyself.However,thebigkidmadeamistake.We(AndyandI)hadbeen8andourteamstillledbyonerun.

Andyranuptomeatthe9.Iwasaboutto10himwhenhesaidloudly,“Didyouseethatshootingstar?”Andy’seyeswereglowing(发光)with11.Ipaused.“Yes,”Isaid.“Well,oneinning(局)togo.Hitahomerun(全垒打)!Okay!”saidAndy,andheranbacktohis12.

Isuddenlyrealiseditwasnicemysonwouldtaketimeoutto13thewonderandbeautyinlife.Youmightbesurprisedbythebeautyyoucanfindwhenyouleast14it.Andyhitatriple(三垒打)inthatlastinning.ButIstillwish