2026届高考英语人教版（2019）大一轮复习UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION

UNIT4

SPACEEXPLORATION题组训练(限时:35分钟总分:42.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)ADuringspacemissions,astronautscanexperiencealossofsomeoftheinnerstructuralsupportintheirbones.Fortripsinspacelastingatleastsixmonths,thatlossisequaltoabout20yearsofaging.Luckily,anewstudyfindsayearbackonEarthrebuildshalfofthestrengthlostintheaffectedbones.ExercisescientistLeighGabelwaspartofateamthattracked17astronauts,eachofwhomhadspentfourtosevenmonthsinspace.Theteammeasuredthe3-Dstructureofbones.Theyfocusedonthestructureofthetibia(胫骨)andthelower-armbone.Theresearcherstookimagesofthebones3times—beforespaceflightandagainsixmonthsandoneyearlaterwhentheastronautsreturnedhomefromspace.Fromthesepictures,Gabel’steamcalculatedanastronaut’sbonestrengthanddensity(密度)ateachofthosetimes.Whatdidtheyfindthroughcomparisonofthepictures?AstronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsregainedtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonEarth.Butthosewhostayedinspacelongersufferedpermanentbonelossintheirtibias.Thatlosswasequaltoadecadeofaging.Thelower-armbonesshowedalmostnoloss.Thatwaslikelybecausethesearen’tweight-bearingbonesonEarth,Gabelexplains.Infact,thosearmscangetabiggerworkoutinspacethanonEarthasastronautsusethemtomovearoundtheircraftbypushingoffhandlesanddoors.“Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpalleviate(缓解)bonelossinthelegs,”saysStevenBoyd,alsoanexercisescientist.“Withlongerspaceflights,wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery,”saysphysiologistLaurenceVico.“Spaceagenciesshouldalsoconsiderotherbonehealthmeasures,suchasnutrition,toreducebonelossandincreaseboneformation.”【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章探讨了太空旅行对航天员骨骼的影响。(

)1.WhydidGabel’steamtakepicturesatdifferenttimes?[A]Toofferevidencefortheirpredictions.[B]Toshowtheirrespectfortheastronauts.[C]Tocomparethechangesintheastronauts’bones.[D]Tofindouttheproperlengthofstayinginspaceforastronauts.C【解析】

细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,研究人员对航天员不同时间的骨头拍摄了三次照片,进而对航天员每个时间的骨骼强度和密度进行计算,结合第三段中的“Whatdidtheyfindthroughcomparisonofthepictures?”可知,研究人员对这些图片进行比对来发现航天员骨骼的变化,由此可知,研究团队在不同时间拍摄照片是为了比较航天员骨骼的变化。故选C。(

)2.WhichofthefollowingmayGabelagreewith?[A]Aspaceflightinlessthanhalfayeardoesnoharmtoastronauts.[B]Astronautscomingbackfromaspaceflightlookmucholder.[C]Astronautscanavoidbonelossthroughdoingenoughexercise.[D]Thereisalmostnodifferenceintheastronauts’lower-armbones.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thelower-armbonesshowed...onEarth,Gabelexplains.”可知,Gabel应该同意“航天员的小臂骨几乎没有什么变化”这一观点。故选D。()3.Whatcanweconcludefromthistext?[A]PeopleonEarthneversufferboneloss.[B]Thefindingofthenewstudyisgoodnewsforastronauts.[C]The17astronautsknewthebonelossbeforetheirspaceflights.[D]AstronautscanregaintheirbonestrengthassoonastheyreturntoEarth.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Luckily,anewstudyfinds...theaffectedbones.”可知,一项新的研究发现,航天员们回到地球之后受影响的骨骼有所修复,因此这对航天员来说应该是一个好消息。故选B。BShouldhumansexplorespace?Ifyouaskme,I’lldefinitelygiveapositiveanswer.Theexplorationofspacehasadirectimpactonthelivesofhumans,aswellasthestateofourworld.Satellites(卫星)movingaroundEarthenablecommunicationacrosstheworld,connectingpeopleofdifferentcontinentsandbroadcastinginformationworldwide.Thepositioningsystemcanidentifyourlocationanywhere.Furthermore,weathersatellitescanpredictharmfulweatherconditions,whichallowshumanstopreparefordeadlynaturaldisastersandsavelives.Spaceprogrammescanalsoindirectlycontributetothesolutiontopovertyandworldhunger.Forexample,largepiecesoflandcouldbeusedfarbetterifhumansappliedtechnologies.Themosteffectivetoolistheartificial(人造的)earthsatellite.Itcanscreenareasoflandwithinaveryshorttime,indicatingusefulmeasuressuchastheconditionofcrops,soil,rainfall,anddroughts.ItcanthensendthisinformationtogroundstationsonEarthforbetteruse.Furthermore,accesstobettereducationmeansbetterlifeprospectsandopportunitiesforhumanbeings.Rural(乡村的)communitieshavedisadvantagedaccesstoeducationandsatellitecommunicationtechnologiesaretryingtobridgethisgap.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,studentscannowaccessanyinformationandconnectwithpeersandteachersindifferentpartsoftheworldthroughvideoconferencesandthecreationofvirtualclassrooms.Spaceexplorationissomethingwecandoforfuturegenerations.Mankindisusingtheresourcesprovidedontheplanet,butthesewillrunoutoneday.Overpopulationcanbeathreatforallmankind.Withthedevelopmentofspacetechnology,itwillbewisetouseandexplorethevastpotentialofotherplanets,suchastheavailabilityofminingresourcesonasteroids(小行星)orotherplanets.Fortheexplorationoftheuniverse,perhapsthemostadvantageousofallisthatitwilluniteustoworktogetherforacommonpurpose,regardlessofourdifferences.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章具体介绍了进行太空探索的好处和必要性。(

)4.WhatcanspaceexplorationdoaccordingtoParagraph2?[A]ImprovethetrafficonEarth.[B]Promotetravelbetweencountries.[C]Helppreventdeadlynaturaldisasters.[D]Helphumanscommunicateandexchangeinformation.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知,太空探索可以帮助人类沟通和交换信息。故选D。(

)5.Howcanspaceprogrammeshelpwithpovertyandworldhunger?[A]Bybenefitingcropproductionwithartificialearthsatellites.[B]Bytransportingfoodworldwidemoreeasily.[C]Bycreatingjobopportunitiesforthepoor.[D]Byprotectingavailablelandresources.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,太空项目通过利用人造地球卫星快速筛查大片土地的各种条件,并将这些信息发送给地面站以便人们更好地利用,即对作物生产有益。故选A。()6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofminingresourcesonotherplanets?[A]Time-wasting.[B]Arguable.[C]Necessary.[D]Educational.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,地球上的资源是有限的,利用太空技术去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力是明智之举。由此可知,作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是必要的。故选C。(

)7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?[A]WhyIsSpaceExplorationImportant?[B]WhyShouldHumankindKeepExploring?[C]WhyShouldWeImproveSpaceTechnology?[D]WhyShouldHumansKeepDevelopingTechnologies?A【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文,并结合第一段内容可知,文章认为人类应该进行太空探索,具体介绍了探索太空的好处和必要性。因此,A项符合文章主旨,适合作标题。故选A。CTheFederalCommunicationsCommissionoftheUSissuedthefineforspacejunk.Thesatellitetelevisioncompanyfailedtoproperlydealwithoneofitssatellites,leavingitatalowerorbitthanitpromisedwhensecuringitslicense.Somespacejunkwasdiscardedduringmissions—maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.Otherjunk,however,istheresultofcollisions:Eventhatluckypenny,travelingat15timesthespeedofabullet,cancausehugedamage—endingasatellite’smissionor,worse,breakingthatsatelliteintopieces.That’sobviouslybadnewsforsatellites.Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.Andwhiletrafficmanagementiscertainlynecessary,piecesofgarbagearenevergoingtobeabletofolloweventhemostsensiblerulesoftheorbitalroad.Thatmeanstwothingsneedtohappen:Peopleneedtostoplittering,andtheyneedtotakeoutsometrash.Theprofessionals,unsurprisingly,havemorecarefullyconsiderednamesfortheseprocesses—mitigation(减轻)andremediation(补救).Anytimeacompanywantstoputasatelliteinthesky,itshouldhaveaclearplanfortheinstrument’sendoflife.Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步轨道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillburnupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.Activeremovalofgarbagethathasfailedtogetoutofthewayistechnicallytricky,butatleastforlargeobjects,remediationispossible.Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(协定)toseta21stcenturycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍的是应该如何处理在人类探索太空的过程中产生的太空垃圾。(

)8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inParagraph2mean?[A]Collectedup.[B]Thrownaway.[C]Produced.[D]Ignored.B【解析】

猜测词义题。根据第二段中的“maybeanastronautdropped...nolongerneeded”可知,此处解释的是太空垃圾的来源,可能是航天员掉落的幸运币,也可能是被丢弃的相机盖子,诸如此类都是在执行太空任务中被扔掉的事物。由此可知,discarded的意思与“thrownaway”的意义相近。故选B。(

)9.Whycan’twereducethenumberofsatelliteslaunchedeveryyear?[A]Thesatellitesbenefitourlifealot.[B]Weneednewsatellitestoreplaceoldones.[C]Countriesareusingsatellitestooccupyspace.[D]Wemustmakeadeeperexplorationintotheuniverse.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thesolutionisn’ttodemand...benefitstopeopleontheEarth.”可知,对于卫星会被太空垃圾摧毁,我们的解决办法不是减少发射卫星,因为这些卫星会给地球上的人带来实实在在的好处。故选A。(

)10.Whichofthefollowingarethemeasuresofstoplittering?①Sendingsatellitestothe“graveyard”orbit.②Movingobjectslowerstill.③Activeremovalofdebris.[A]①② [B]②③[C]①③ [D]①②③A【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Forobjectsinvery...reenteringtheatmosphere.”可知,该部分讲述的是处理太空垃圾的方法,对于在非常高的地球同步轨道上的卫星,可以将其送到远离地球同步轨道的“墓地”轨道;对于较低轨道上的卫星,可以将它们移动到更低的轨道。故选A。(

)11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?[A]Toprovidesolutionstospacejunk.[B]Toexplainthedamageofspacejunk.[C]Tocalluponcountriestofinecompaniesmakingspacejunk.[D]Toappealtonationsfortheprotectionofspaceenvironment.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段以及上文中讲述的太空垃圾的危害和我们应该如何处理太空垃圾可知,一些国家已经开始着手处理太空垃圾,但没有一个国家能独自拯救太空,需要制定一项全球公约来维护太空。由此可知,作者旨在呼吁各个国家制定21世纪太空行为准则,共同保护太空环境。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)Thiswasthebiggame.Theboyswere

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【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了儿子的棒球队进行重要比赛的时候,作者却发现儿子在盯着夜空看,休息的时候儿子过来询问作者是否看到了夜空中的流星,作者意识到儿子能发现生活中的奇迹和美好是一件好事。()1.[A]nervous [B]scared[C]curious [D]ashamedA【解析】根据上文的“Thiswasthebiggame.”可知,这是一场重要的比赛,所以男孩们既紧张(nervous)又兴奋。故选A。()2.[A]waited [B]struggled[C]said [D]runA【解析】根据后文“hadshockedthebetterteams”可知,让其他优秀的球队震惊说明之前的表现出乎意料,所以作者儿子的棒球队一整年都在努力拼搏(struggled)。故选B。()3.[A]electric [B]friendly[C]casual [D]romanticA【解析】根据后文“theotherteam’sslugger(强击手),abigkid,waslikeasnake,dangerousandreadyto”可知,对手准备出击,所以气氛很激烈(electric)。故选A。()4.[A]escape [B]erupt[C]jump [D]strikeD【解析】根据上文的“likeasnake,dangerousandreadyto”可知,对手准备出击(strike)。故选D。()5.[A]amused [B]content[C]shocked [D]proudC【解析】根据后文的“toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky”可知,这么重要的比赛作者的儿子却在看夜空,作者感到震惊(shocked)。故选C。()6.[A]carrying [B]focusing[C]commenting [D]reflectingB【解析】根据上文的“toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky”可知,儿子没有集中注意力于(focusing)比赛。故选B。()7.[A]Settledown [B]Standup[C]W