高三英语大二轮复习1-1-3突破阅读理解第三讲高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意

A(2017·安徽百所重点高中高三二模)Ihadthehonourofbeingelectedchiefofmytribe(部落)．Withthetitlecamegreatresponsibility.ItwasmyjobtomakepeacewiththeMaoriTamakitribe，whosevillagewevisited.Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying，stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand，ashead，Iwasforcedtoacceptthispeaceofferingbypickingitup，thentouchingnoseswiththeirchief.“Kiaora，”hesaid,welingusintothewoodlandhomeofhispeople.My“tribe”wasmyNewZealandcoachtourgroup，whohadforcedmeintobeingtheirleader.We'dbeenwarnedthattheceremonywasaseriousoccasionandthattolaughorevensmilewouldbeconsideredrudetotheTamaki.Afterthatitwasnon­stopfunastheydemonstratedtheirancientcustomsandIreceivedinstructioninperformingthehaka,thewardanceimmortalized(使不朽)bytheAllBlacksrugbyteam.Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb，beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslow­cookedintheheatjustbelowthesurfaceinthegeothermal(地热的)areaofNorthIsland，aMaoritraditionknownasahangithatgoesbackanextremelylongperiodoftime.Obviously，thisformofitisputonfortouristsbutitwashugelyenjoyable.Thejourneybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort，ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow.“Thewheelsonthebusgoroundandround，”hegotussinging，whilehecircuitedaroundaboutthreetimes.Acoupleofdaysfromtheendofourtrip，therewasstillsomethingmissing，aNewZealandiconIwantedtoseetomakemygrandtourplete.Ridingoveraridge，thereitwas－Aotearoa.TheMaorinameforNewZealandtranslatesas“thelandofthelongwhitecloud”．CanIsay“Kiaora，Aotearoa？”YoubetIcan.1．Howwerethevisitorsgreetedinthetribe?A．Thesoldiersmadeapalmleafroad.B．Thesoldierstouchedtheirnoses.C．Thesoldiersshooksticksfiercely.D．Thesoldiersmadenoisewithshuteyes.2．WhichreferstotheMaoricookingcustom?A．Kiaora. B．Haka.C．Hangi. D．Tamaki.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedriver?A．Hewasgoodatsinging.B．Hemadethejourneymemorable.C．Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.D．HeperformedwellonaTVshow.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AtasteofMaoricultureB．Hello，NewZealandC．ThehonourofbeingatribechiefD．ThebestofNewZealand【解题导语】本文为记叙文，作者讲述了他去新西兰旅游时接触到的毛利文化。1．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying，stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand”可知，毛利部落的勇士们从独木舟上跳下来，用狂热的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃动声将作者一行人镇住了，他们还在地面上放置一片棕榈叶。这些都是毛利人对游客表示欢迎的方式。故选C。2．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb，beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeen­slow­cookedintheheat...aMaoritraditionknownasahangi”可知，在地下土炉中烹制食物是毛利饮食传统，这被称为hangi。3．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thejourneybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort，ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow...”可知，作者一行人的回宾馆之旅让他们难忘：有表演天赋的毛利老司机让作者他们一路欢歌。故选B。4．解析：选A。主旨要义题。作者作为赴新西兰的旅游团的队长，在旅游中有幸接触毛利文化，这给作者留下了深刻的印象，故A项“体验毛利文化”作标题最佳。B(2017·福州市毕业班综合质检)Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures，”mentedtheleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingaphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs，forexample，haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork，theauthorssay，isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland，whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject，saidinastatement，“Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus，thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers，buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”Inparison，thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybeingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore­evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensioninwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisaconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.5．Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?A．Paceoflifeofanimals.B．Timeperceptionofanimals.C．Lifetimeofsmallanimals.D．Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.6．WhatdoesKevinHealy'smentmeaninPara.2?A．Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.B．Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.C．Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.D．Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.7．Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A．Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B．Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.C．Theycanprocessinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.D．Theycansendinformationtothebrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.8．Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?A．Trytorunasfastasitcan.B．Preventitselffrombeingblind.C．Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.D．Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。5．解析：选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，“Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关。故B项正确。6．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段KevinHealy所说的话“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures”可知，KevinHealy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力。故B项正确。7．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因。故C项正确。根据第五段中的“Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers，buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly”可知，苍蝇的思考能力较弱，故A项错误；B项说的是虎甲虫；根据第五段中的“Havingeyesthatsend...equallyquickly”可知D项错误。8．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段“Inparison，thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybeingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore­evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.”可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。C(2017·广东七校联合体二次联考)DOGSDRIVECARAuckland，NewZealandAftertwomonthsoflearning，Monty，andPorterwereabletodriveanautomobilearoundaracetrack.“Wewantedtoprovehowsmartrescuedogsare，”animalbehavioristMarkVettesays.Vettefirstusedvoicemandsandtreatstoteachthedogshowtoturnasteeringwheelandhowtochangegears(换挡)．Thedogs'rideonlyacceleratedupto7.5milesanhour，andtrainerscouldstoptheautousingaremotecontrol.GOLDENZEBRAKailna­Kona，HawaiiZoe－thezebra'smarkingsarespecial.Theanimalhaswhiteandgoldenstripes.Zoe'sappearanceresultedfromarareconditioncalledamelanosis(黑素缺失症)．Herbodydoesn'tmakeenoughmelanin，asubstanceinananimal'sskinandhaircellsthatproducescolor.“Only25othergoldenzebrasareknowntoexistintheworld，”saysAnnGoody，whorunsthewildliferefugewhereZoelives.Inthewild，lifemaybedifficultforanimalswithamelanosisbecausepredators(捕食性动物)caneasilyspotthem.ButZoeisprotectedatherrefuge.COCKATOOMAKESTOOLSVienna，AustriaWhenFigaro，acockatoo，spotsfoodlyingjustoutofreachfromhiscage，hebuildsatinywoodentooltosweepthetastyprizeinhisway.Thebirdfirstrevealedhistalentwhenastonehewasplayingwithrolledoutofhiscage.Thecockatoocouldn'treachthestone.Soheflewawayandreturnedwithasmallbranch，slippingitthroughthefencetoslidethestonetowardhim.Wonderingifhewoulddoitagain，scientistsplacedanutexactlywherethestonehadbeen.Thistime，Figaropulledoutasmallpieceofwoodinhiscageanddraggedthenuttowardhim.9．IfZoeissetfreeinthewild，shewill________.A．meetnonaturalpredatorsB．notgetalongwithotherzebrasC．managetomakeenoughmelaninD．beeasilyfoundforherappearance10．What'sspecialaboutFigaro?A．Heisparticularabouthisfood.B．Heisextremelyfondofstones.C．Heisgoodatdrawingsupportfromoutsideforces.D．Hecantellthedifferencebetweenstonesandnuts.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amazinganimals.B．Waystohelpanimals.C．Animals'uniquetalents.D．Tipsontraininganimals.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种令人惊讶的动物，它们是能够开车的狗、长着金色条纹的斑马和善于制造工具的鹦鹉。9．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二部分的“Theanimalhaswhiteandgoldenstripes.Zoe'sappearanceresultedfromarareconditioncalledamelanosis(黑素缺失症)．”和“Inthewild，lifemaybedifficultforanimalswithamelanosisbecausepredators(捕食性动物)caneasilyspotthem.”可知，由于黑素缺失症，Zoe身上有金色和白色条纹，如果他们在野外，捕食性动物很容易发现他们，故D项正确。根据第二部分的“Zoe'sappearanceresultedfromarareconditioncalledamelanosis(黑素缺失症)．Herbodydoesn'tmakeenoughmelanin.”可知，C项错误；B项文中没有提及。10．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三部分的“WhenFigaro，acockatoo，spotsfoodlyingjustoutofreachfromhiscage，hebuildsatinywoodentooltosweepthetastyprizeinhisway.”可知，这种鹦鹉可以自制小工具。据此可以判断，这种鹦鹉的特别之处是善于利用外部的东西来满足自己的需要。故C项正确。11．解析：选A。主旨大意题。通读全文并根据小标题“DOGSDRINVECAR”“GOLDENZEBRA”和“COCKATOOMAKESTOOLS”可知，本文主要讲了三种令人惊讶的动物，故选A。【难句分析】“Only25othergoldenzebrasareknowntoexistintheworld，”saysAnnGoody，whorunsthewildliferefugewhereZoelives.分析：该句为主从复合句。who引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为AnnGoody，在该定语从句中，whereZoelives为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thewildliferefuge。译文：AnnGoody经营着Zoe居住的那个野生动物保护区，她说：“世界上现存的已知的其他金纹斑马只有25只”。D(2017·南昌十校高三二模)Ambarpressesherhandtoherforeheadassheconsidersthequestiononherscreen:howmanysevensin91？Theten­year­oldhasbeenstrugglingwithitforaboutaminutewhenshesmiles，“13！”Hertutorrespondsbypostingalargesmilingcatpictureonherscreen－thevirtual(虚拟的)meaningofapatontheback.HeissittingontheothersideoftheworldinanonlinetutoringcentreinIndia.Ambar，whoattendsPakemanPrimarySchoolinLondon，isoneofnearly4,000primaryschoolchildreninBritainthathavesignedupforweeklyone­to­onemathssessionswithtutorsbasedinIndiaandSriLanka.Thelessons，providedbyapanycalledThirdSpaceLearning，aretargetedatpupilsstrugglingwithmaths－particularlythosefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.Fromnextyear，theplatformwillbeeoneofthefirstexamplesofartificialintelligence(AI)softwarebeingusedtomonitor，andideallyimprove，teaching.TogetherwithsomeBritishscientists，thepanyhasanalysedaround100,000hoursofaudioandwrittendatafromitstutorials(辅导课)withthegoalofidentifyingwhatmakesagoodteacherandasuccesfullesson.TomHooper，thepany'sCEO，said，“We'verecordedeverylessonthatwe'veeverdone.Byusingthedata，we'vebeentryingtointroduceAItoimprovetheteaching.”Buthearguedthattheaimisnottoreplaceteacherswithrobots.“There'saslightlydubious(不确定的)conversationabouthowAIwillmakehumansirrelevant，butit'snotatallaboutreplacinghumans，”hesaid.“Ourwholebeliefisthatforchildrennotdoingwellinthesubject，peoplearewhatmatters.”Pupilsontheprogramhavea45­minutesessionwiththesametutoreachweek.Theymunicatethroughaheadsetandashared“whiteboard”．ThelessonsatPakemanPrimarySchoolaretailoredtotheindividual，includingvisualrewardslinkedtothechild'sinterests.Inadditiontotherawaudiodata，eachlessonhasvarioussuccessmetricsattached:howmanyproblemsarepleted，howusefulthepupilfindsthesession，howthetutorratesit.12．WhydoestheauthormentionAmbarinthebeginning?A．Topraisehertutor.B．Toshowherstrugglewithmaths.C．Tointroduceapany.D．Toencouragepupilstolearnmathsonline.13．WhatdoweknowaboutThirdSpaceLearning?A．Itmakesgoodteachersandlessons.B．Itisaimedatstudentsfrompoorbackgrounds.C．Itisbeingusedtomonitorandimproveteaching.D．Itprovidesonlinemathslessonsforschoolchildren.14．WhichmayTomHooperagreewith?A．AImakesmanirrelevant.B．AIisbeneficialtoteaching.C．Robotsaresmarterthanman.D．Robotswillreplacehumans.15．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whatistaughtinthelesson?B．Howisthelessontaught?C．Wholearnsthelesson?D．Whyisthelessontaught?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。数学成绩不好怎么办？没关系。坐在家里，你就可以享受高科技公司ThirdSpaceLearning为你提供的一对一网上教学服务。12．解析：选C。推理判断题。第一段提到了Ambar在网上接受一对一的数学教学，该网上家教中心位于世界的另一端——印度。由此引出下文介绍的一家公司ThirdSpaceLearning。故作者在文章一开始提到Ambar是为了引出这家公司。13．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“signedupforweeklyone­to­onemathssessionswithtutorsbasedinIndiaandSrilanka...aretar