新目标大学英语泛读.2第3版课件2

Unit11ReadingStrategiesCriticalReadingStrategies怎样才能进行积极、有效、深入的阅读呢?那就是:在与作者产生共鸣的同时还要有异

议。因此,批判性阅读至关重要。

1.Previewing:Learning

about

a

text

before

really

reading

it

Previewingenables1readerstogetasenseofwhatthetextisaboutand

howitisorganizedbeforereadingitclosely.Thissimplestrategyincludes

seeingwhatyoucanlearnfromtheheadnotesorotherintroductorymaterial,

skimmingtogetanoverviewofthecontentandorganization,andidentify-

ing2therhetorical3situation.2.Contextualizing4:Placing

a

text

in

its

historical,

biographical5,and

cultural

contexts

Whenyoureadatext,youreaditthroughthelensofyourownexperi-

ence.Yourunderstandingofthewordsonthepageandtheirsignificanceis

informedbywhatyouhavecometoknowandvaluefromlivinginaparticu-

lartimeandplace.Toreadcritically,youneedtocontextualize,torecognize

thedifferencesbetweenyourcontemporaryvaluesandattitudesandthose

representedinthetext.①3.Questioning

to

understand

and

remember:Asking

questions

about

the

contentThequestionsaredesignedtohelpstudentsunderstandareadingand

respondtoitmorefully.Whenyouneedtounderstandandusenewinforma-

tion,itismostbeneficialifyouwritedownthequestions.Eachquestion

shouldfocusonamainidea,andeachshouldbeexpressedinyourown

words,notjustcopiedfrompartsoftheparagraph.4.Reflecting

on6

challenges

to

your

beliefs

and

values:Examining

your

personal

response

Thereadingmightchallengeyourattitudes,yourunconsciouslyheldbe-

liefs,oryourpositionsoncurrentissues.Asyoureadatextforthefirsttime,

markanXinthemargin7ateachpointwhereyoufeelapersonalchallenge

toyourattitudes,beliefs,orstatus.Makeabriefnoteinthemarginabout

whatyoufeeloraboutwhatcreatedthechallengeinthetext.Nowlooka-

gainattheplacesyoumarkedwhereyoufeltpersonallychallenged.5.Outlining8

and

summarizing9:Identifying

the

main

ideas

and

restating10them

in

your

own

words

Outliningandsummarizingareespeciallyhelpfulstrategiesforunder-

standingthecontentandstructureofareadingselection.Whereasoutlining

revealsthebasicstructureofthetext,summarizingsynopsizes11aselection

smainargumentinbrief.Thekeytobothoutliningandsummarizingisbe-

ingabletodistinguishbetweenthemainideasandthesupportingideasand

examples.Summarizingbeginswithoutlining,butasummaryrecomposesthemto

formanewtext.Puttingideastogetheragain—inyourownwordsandina

condensed12form—showshowreadingcriticallycanleadtodeeperunder-

standingofanytext.6.Evaluating

an

argument:Testing

the

logic

of

a

text

as

well

as

its

credibility13and

emotional

impact

Asacriticalreader,youshouldnotacceptanythingonfacevaluebuttorec-

ognizeeveryassertion14asanargumentthatmustbecarefullyevaluated.②

Anargumenthastwoessentialparts:claimandsupport.Theclaimasserts15

aconclusion—anidea,anopinion,ajudgment,orapointofview—that

thewriterwantsyoutoaccept.Thesupportincludesreasonsandevidence

thatgivereadersthebasisforacceptingtheconclusion.Whenyouassessan

argument,youareconcernedwiththeprocessofreasoningaswellasits

truthfulness.Atthemostbasiclevel,inorderforanargumenttobeaccept-

able,thesupportmustbeappropriatetotheclaimandthestatementsmustbe

consistent16withoneanother.7.Comparing

and

contrasting17related

readings:Exploring

likenesses

and

differences

between

texts

to

understand

them

better

Manyoftheauthorswereadareconcernedwiththesameissues,but

approachhowtodiscussthemindifferentways.Fittingatextintoanongo-

ingdialectic18helpsincreaseunderstandingofwhyanauthorapproacheda

specialissueinaparticularway.③——http://www.salisbury.edu/counseling/new/7_critical_reading_strategies.

html(619words)Notes①Toreadcritically,youneedtocontextualize,torecognizethedifferences

betweenyourcontemporaryvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedinthe

text.要进行批判性阅读,你需要将事件、活动等融入背景,需要识别当代价

值、态度与那些在文章中所阐述的之间的差异。②Asacriticalreader,youshouldnotacceptanythingonfacevaluebutto

recognizeeveryassertionasanargumentthatmustbecarefullyevaluated.作为一个批判性的读者,你不应该根据表面价值接受任何东西,而是要认

识到对每一个作为论点的断言都必须进行仔细评估。③Fittingatextintoanongoingdialectichelpsincreaseunderstandingof

whyanauthorapproachedaspecialissueinaparticularway.运用辩证的方法阅读文章,有助于增进理解为什么作者以特定方式处理

一个特别的问题。ExercisesⅠ.There

are

five

questions

or

unfinished

statements

based

on

the

passage.

For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,

C

and

D.1.Whatbenefitscanpreviewingbringtoreaders?A.Ageneralideaofthecontentofthepassage.B.Anoverviewoftheorganizationofthepassage.C.Ageneralunderstandingofstylisticfeaturesofthepassage.D.Alloftheabove.2.Whenyoufeelpersonallychallengedwhilereading,whatisitadvis-

abletodoingeneral?A.Tothinkdeeplyofthechallengesandmakepersonalcommentsonthem.B.Tomakeabriefnoteinthemarginaboutwhatyoufeelaboutthechal-

lenge.C.TomarkanXinthemarginwhereyoufeelapersonalchallenge.D.Toreadoverandoveragaintheplacesyoumarked.3.Howcanreadingcriticallybringaboutdeeperunderstandingofa

text?A.Bywritinganoutlineofthetext.B.Bywritingasummaryofthetext.C.Bymakingabriefnoteinthemargin.D.Byreadingitagain.4.Theunderlinedword“recompose”inthesecondparagraphofpart

5probablymeans

.A.makecalmB.rethinkC.rewriteD.reproduce5.Whenacriticalreaderevaluatesanargument,heshoulddoallthe

followingexcept

.A.examiningwhetherthesupportcanreasonablydrawtheconclusionB.examiningthetruthfulnessoftheclaimC.examiningwhetherthestatementsareconsistentwithoneanotherD.examininghispersonalresponsetochallengesⅡ.Fill

in

the

blanks

in

the

following

sentences,using

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.Change

the

form

where

necessary.

issueunconsciousstatusdistinguishcontrastcontemporaryreflectonenableidentifybeconsistent

with1.Mypromotionbringsintoquestionthe

ofcertainothermembersofstaff.2.Heractions

sharplywithherpromises.3.Whattheyhavesaid

humanity.4.Parliamentwilldebatethenationalization

nextweek.5.Heisa

ofmine,butourexperiencesarecompletelydifferent.6.Youshouldnot

wealthwithhappiness.7.Ialways

lifewhenlisteningtoBeethoven

ssymphony.8.Thetwinsweresomuchalikethatitwasimpossibleto

one

fromtheother.9.Hewasonthereceivingendinthefightandwasknocked

.10.Thehotsun

thegrapestoreachoptimumripeness.Ⅲ.Translate

the

following

Chinese

sentences

into

English.1.在批判性阅读中,你的当代价值观和态度与文章中所阐述的价值观和

态度之间存在差异,这些差异必须放在上下文中加以辨别。2.进行批判性阅读时,你应该识别每个作为论点的断言并认真评估。3.基本说来,为了使论点能够被接受,论据必须能够证明你提出的论点,论

证必须相互一致。4.你会发现,你的态度、你无意识坚持的信仰或者你对当前问题的立场,

在阅读时都会受到挑战。SectionAIn

this

section,you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.Each

statement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.I-

dentify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived.You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.ReadingEfficientlybyReadingIntelligentlyA)Whetherthey

reprojectdocuments,tradejournals,blogs,

businessbooksore-books,mostofusreadregularlyaspartof

ourjobsandtodevelopourskillsandknowledge.B)Butdoyoueverreadwhatshouldbeausefuldocument,yet

failtogainanyhelpfulinformationfromit?Or,doyouhaveto

re-readsomethingseveraltimestogetafullunderstandingof

thecontent?C)Inthisarticle,we

relookingatstrategiesthatwillhelpyou

readmoreeffectively.Theseapproacheswillhelpyougetthe

maximumbenefitfromyourreadingwiththeminimum(最小)

effort.Think

About

What

You

Want

to

KnowD)Beforeyoustartreadinganything,askyourselfwhyyou

rereadingit.

Areyoureadingwithapurposeorjustforpleasure?Whatdoyouwantto

knowafteryou

vereadit?E)Onceyouknowyourpurpose,youcanexaminetheresourcetosee

whetherit

sgoingtohelpyou.Forexample,withabook,aneasywayofdo-

ingthisistolookattheintroductionandthechapterheadings.Theintroduc-

tionshouldletyouknowwhothebookisintendedfor,andwhatitcovers.

Chapterheadingswillgiveyouanoverallviewofthestructureofthesub-

ject.F)Rememberthatthisalsoappliestocontentthatyousubscribe(订阅)to,

suchasjournalsormagazines.Know

How

Deeply

to

Study

the

MaterialG)Whereyouonlyneedtheshallowestknowledgeofasubject,youcan

skimthematerial.Hereyoureadonlychapterheadings,introductions,and

summaries.H)Ifyouneedamoderatelevelofinformationonasubject,thenyoucan

scanthetext.Thisiswhenyoureadthechapterintroductionsandsummaries

indetail.Youcanthenspeedreadingthecontentsofthechapters,picking

outandunderstandingkeywordsandconcepts.I)Onlywhenyouneedfullknowledgeofasubjectisitworthstudyingthe

textindetail.Hereit

sbesttoskimthematerialfirsttogetanoverviewofthesubject.Thisgivesyouanunderstandingofitsstructure,intowhichyou

canthenfitthedetailgainedfromafullreadingofthematerial.Read

Actively

J)Whenyou

rereadingadocumentorabookindetail,ithelpsifyouprac-

tice“activereading”byhighlighting(强调)andunderliningkeyinforma-

tion,andtakingnotesasyouprogress.Thisemphasizesinformationinyour

mindandhelpsyoutoreviewimportantpointslater.K)Doingthisalsohelpsyoukeepyourmindfocusedonthematerial,andstopsyouthinkingaboutotherthings.Know

How

to

Study

Different

Types

of

MaterialL)Differenttypesofdocumentsholdinformationindifferentplacesandin

differentways,andtheyhavedifferentdepthsandbreadthsofcoverage.M)Byunderstandingthelayoutofthematerialyou

rereading,youcanex-

tracttheinformationyouwantefficiently.Magazines

and

NewspapersN)Thesetendtogiveafragmented(零碎的)coverageofanarea.Theywill

typicallyonlyconcentrateonthemostinterestingandglamorous(富有魅力

的)partsofatopic—thishelpsthemboostcirculation(发行)!Assuch,they

willoftenignorelessinterestinginformationthatmaybeessentialtoafull

understandingofasubject,andtheymayincludelowvaluecontentto“pad

out”(拉长)advertising.O)Themosteffectivewayofgettinginformationfrommagazinesistoscan

thetableofcontentsortheindexandturndirectlytointerestingarticles.If

youfindanarticleuseful,thencutitoutandfileitinafolderspecificallycoveringthatsortofinformation.Inthiswayyouwillbuildupsetsofrelated

articlesthatmaybegintoexplainthesubject.Reading

Individual

ArticlesTherearethreemaintypesofarticleinmagazinesandnewspapers:P)NewsArticles—thesearedesignedtoexplainthekeypointsfirst,and

thenfleshtheseout(使有血有肉)withdetails.So,themostimportantinfor-

mationispresentedfirst,withinformationbeinglessandlessusefulasthe

articleprogresses.Q)OpinionArticles—thesepresentapointofview.Herethemostimpor-

tantinformationiscontainedintheintroductionandthesummary,withthe

middleofthearticlecontainingsupportingarguments.R)FeatureArticles—thesearewrittentoprovideentertainmentorback-

groundonasubject.Typicallythemostimportantinformationisinthebody

ofthetext.S)Ifyouknowwhatyouwantfromanarticleandrecognizeitstype,youcan

getinformationfromitquicklyandefficiently.Make

Your

Own

Table

of

ContentsT)Whenyou

rereadingadocumentorabook,it

seasytoacceptthewriter

sstructureofthought.Thismeansthatyoumaynotnoticewhenimportant

informationhasbeenleftout,orthatanirrelevantdetailhasbeenincluded.U)Aneffectivewaytocombatthisistomakeupyourowntableofcontents

beforeyoustartreading.Askyourselfwhatsectionsortopicsyouareexpect-

ingtoseeinthisdocumentandwhatquestionsyouwanttohaveanswered

bytheendofthetext.V)Althoughdoingthisbeforeyoustartreadingthedocumentmaysound

likeastrangestrategy,it

susefulbecauseithelpsyouspotholesintheau-

thor

sargument.Writingoutyourowntableofcontentsalsohelpsyouad-

dressyourownquestions,andthinkaboutwhatyou

reexpectingtolearn

fromthetext.Use

Glossaries(汇编,集注)with

Technical

DocumentsW)Ifyou

rereadinglargeamountsofdifficulttechnicalmaterial,itmaybe

usefultouseorcompileaglossary.Keepthisbesideyouasyouread.X)It

salsousefultonotedownthekeyconceptsinyourownwords,andre-

fertothemwhennecessary.——http://www.mindtools.com/rdstratg.html(918words)

1.Readingeffectivelymeansgettingthegreatestbenefitfromyour

readingwiththeleasteffort.

2.Weshouldmakesurewhatwewanttoknowbeforewestartread-ing.

3.Aneasywaytoknowthemainideaofabookistolookattheintro

-ductionandthechapterheadingsfirst.

4.Ifweneedfullknowledgeofasubject,weshouldreadthetextin

detail.

5.Activereadingmeansfocusingonthemostimportantinformation

andtakingnotesasyouread.

6.Ifyouneedamoderatelevelofinformationwhilereading,youcan

readthroughthetextquicklybutnotverycarefully.

7.Wecanimprovethecirculationofmagazinesandnewspapersby

focusingonthemostinterestingpartsofatopic.

8.Entertainmentorbackgroundonasubjectisofferedtoreadersin

featurearticles.

9.Makingupyourowntableofcontentsisaneffectivewaytofight

againstthemissingofimportantinformationbeforeyoustartreading.

10.Itmaybebeneficialtouseorcompileawordlistifyou

reread-

ingagreatnumberofchallengingtechnicalbooks.Time

required:15minutesTime

used:

minutesSectionBIn

this

section,there

is

a

passage

with

ten

blanks.You

are

required

to

select

one

word

for

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

the

word

bank.Read

the

passage

through

carefully

before

making

your

choices.You

may

not

use

any

of

the

words

in

the

bank

more

than

once.ReadingStrategiesVSReadingSkillsInsimplestterms,theinstructionofreadingskillsusuallyfocus-

esonwordidentificationandtheinstructionofreadingstrategyfocusesoncreatingmeaning.Readingskillsgenerally1

fivecategories(种类),includingword2,fluency,vocabu-

lary,comprehensionandstudyskills.Manytimes,whenreaders

learntheseskills,theylearntheminisolation(隔离,孤立)and

inmostcasesthey

reunsurewhenorwhytouseoneskill3

anotherinarealreadingsituation.Areadingstrategycanbedescribedasany4processof

gettingmeaningfromcontext.Goodreadinginstructionshouldteachreaderstousereadingskillsinthe5ofthethinking

strategiesdescribedabove.Forexample,whenareaderistaught

awordidentificationskill,he/sheshouldbetaughttousemany

differentcontextstopredictwhatshouldcomenext,toexamine

thevisualqualitiesoftheword,toconfirmor6theirpre-

dictionandthentomoveon.Goodreadingteachersshouldnotonlyintroduceappropriate

readingskillstostudentsbutalsopresentthemwithinthecon-textof7readingstrategies.Thecriticalthinkingstrategies

ofpredicting,confirming,monitoring,reflectingand8

mustbebroughttoaconsciouslevelinthereaders

mind.Then,

byprovidingreaderswitha9“toolbox”ofprocedures

andmakingeachreaderresponsibleforchoosinganappropriate

strategy,studentswillbemoreactively10intheirown

readingcomprehensionandself-correction.Time

required:8minutesTimeused:

minutesSectionCIn

this

section

there

is

a

passage

followed

by

some

questions

or

unfinished

statements.For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,C

and

D.MarkingYourTextbookReadingisanactiveprocess.Markingorannotating(给……做

注释/评注)atextisyourresponsetowhatyouarereading,and

itmightprovevaluabletoyoulaterasyoubegintoorganizeand

planyouressay.Markingatextisnotthesamethingashigh-

lightingorunderliningwords.Markingatextisyourwayof

discoveringwhatyoufindimportant,whatyouwanttoexplore,

and/orwhatpuzzlesyouaboutatext.Thinkofthisprocessashavingadialoguewithatext.Althoughthetextcannotspeakverbally(口头地),thewrittenwordscan

communicate—sometimesthemeaningisclear,whileatother

timesitisnot.Asyouunderlinethewordsandsentences,make

notesinthemargins,andraisequestions,youarekeepinga

writtenrecordofyourdialoguewiththetext.Ifyoudon

t

recordyourreactions,thewonderful,insightfulideasorimpor-

tantquestionsyouhavewhilereadingmaybelost.Ifyouanno-

tate(注释,注解)atext,youcanreturntoitlatertorethinkwhatyouconsiderimportant.Annotatingatextisatechniquetohelpyoubecomeamore

thoughtfulreader.Thinkofmarkingupyourtextasthebegin-

ningofyourdialoguewithatext,whichwillleadyoutoanex-

tendedwritingproject.Inthisdialogue,youwillbedoingmost

oftheworkbecauseasyouaskquestions,bringupinconsisten-

cies,ortrytoexploreideasmoredeeply,youhavetorelyonthe

textandyourreasoningtorespondtoyourinquiry.Whatseemedsopuzzlingthefirsttimearoundmaymakemoresense

withsubsequentreadings,oryoumaydiscoverwhyaparticular

sectionseemssoimportanttoyou.Clearinguponepointmay

leadtoanotherquestionortoaconclusion.Classorsmallgroup

discussionsmaygiveyouinsightsorraisemorequestionsor

spark(激发)aninterestinsomethingyouhadnotnoticedbe-

fore.Thisisanexcitingprocess.Markingupyourtextisanes-

sentialpartoftheprocess.Thinkingaboutandreviewingyourannotationscanbeextremelyimportantasyoumoveontomore

extendedandsustained(支撑的)writing.——http://www.csupomona.edu/~lrc/crsp/handouts/marking_

textbook.html

(347words)1.Markingatextwhilereadingisregardedas

.A.averbaldialoguewiththetextB.anorganizationofthetextC.areader

sresponsetothetextD.amodificationofthetext2.Inordertorecordyourdialoguewithatext,youcan

.A.underlinethewordsB.makenotesinthemarginsC.putforwardquestionsD.Alloftheabove3.Thepurposeofmarkingatextisto

.A.showthatyouarehard-workingB.remindyouoftheimportantpartsduringthelaterreadingC.indicatethatyouhavereadthetextD.makeyourbookmorebeautiful4.Theunderlinedword“inconsistencies”inthethirdpara-

graphprobablymeans

.A.disagreementB.indifferenceC.incontinenceD.inconvenience5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutclassdiscussions?A.Theymaygiveyouinsights.B.Theymayraisemorequestions.C.Theymaymaketheclassnoisy.D.Theymaystimulateyourinterest.Time

required:8minutesTime

used:

minutesUnit12ChemistryPrintinginAncientChina中国古代“四大发明”为人类社会生活带来了革命性的变化,是中国人对世界文明的伟大

贡献。本单元将带您一起了解火药、指南针、造纸术、印刷术这“四大发明”。Printingisatechniquewithalonghistory.Thetechnique

wearediscussingincludesbothblockprintingandmovable

typeprinting.Blockprintingwasprobablyinventedbetweenthe

SuiandTangDynasties,basedonthetechniqueoftransferring1

textsandpicturescutinreliefonsealsandstonepillarstoother

surfaces①.ThistechniquewasdevelopedintheSpringandAu-

tumnandWarringStatesperiods2.Theinventionofpaperand

improvementofinkledtothedevelopmentofblockprinting.Theprocessofblockprintingstartedwiththecuttingofwood

intoblocks.Thetextwasfirstwrittenininkonasheetoffine

paper;thenthewrittensideofthesheetwasappliedtothe

smoothsurfaceofablockofwood,coatedwithapastethatre-

tained3theinkofthetext;thirdly,anengraver4cutawaythe

blankareassothatthetextstoodoutinreliefandinreverse.

omakeaprint,thewoodblockwasinkedwithapaintbrush,and

asheetofpaperwasspreadonit,thenbrushedwithacleanbrushonitsback,leavinganimagewhenthepaperwasre-

moved.Theearliestextant5workfromblockprintinginChinaistheJin

Gang

Jing(Diamond

Sutra)printedin868duringtheTangDy-

nasty.IntheFiveDynasties(907~960)period,government-run

culturalinstitutionsengraved6andprintedancientclassicsona

largescale,andnon-governmentalpublishingwasalsoquite

popular.IntheSongDynasty,theBuddhistworkDa

Zang

Jing7(Tripitaka)wasprinted,andatotalof130,000woodblocks

wereengravedfortheproject.Thetechniqueofblockprinting

firstspreadtoJapanandKorea,thentoEgyptinthe12thcentu-

ry,andtoEuropeinthe14thcentury.InJapan,theDaranikyo

Sutraprintedin770istheoldestextantworkfromblockprint-

ing.Asblockprintingwassocomplicatedanddifficult,itwould

takeseveralyearstoprintabook,andtheengravedblockshad

tobestoredinabighouse.Movabletypeprintingwastheninvented.BiSheng,aworkerin

aprintingshopintheSongDynasty,devotedgreateffortstohis

inventionofmovabletypeprinting.Theprinciple8ofBi

sin-

ventionisthesameasthatoftypesetprintingwidelyusedinthe

20thcentury.InhisMengxi

Bitan(Dream

Pool

Essays),Shen

KuowritesaboutBi

smovabletypeprinting:Thefirstknown

movabletypesystemwasinventedinChinabyBiShengoutof

ceramicbetween1041~1048.BiShengconceivedofamovabletypewhichwasmadeofamixtureofclayandglueandhard-

enedbybaking.Hecomposed9textsbyplacingthetypessidebysideonaniron

platecoatedwithamixtureofresin10,wax,andpaperash.Gen-

tlyheatingthisplateandpressingthetypeswithasmoothplate

toensuretheywereonthesamelevel,hethenlettheplatecool

sothatthetypewassolidified11andbecameapieceofprint.

Oncetheimpressionhadbeenmade,thetypecouldbedetached12byreheatingtheplate.BiShengpreparedtwoironplatestobe

usedinturntospeedupthewholeprintingprocess.Healso

prepareddifferentnumbersoftypesforcharactersaccordingto

theirfrequencyofuseintexts,andarrangedtheminanorderly

waytofacilitate13thespeedofcomposing.ShenKuonotedthat

thistechniquewasmostefficientinprintingseveralhundredor

severalthousandcopies.AfterBiSheng,otherpeopleinventedtypescutoutofwood.Inabout1313,WangZhen,anagronomist14oftheYuanDynasty,

printedhisworkNong

Shu(Treatise15on

Agriculture)with

movablewoodtypes,andwroteabouthisinnovation16inanap-

pendix17tothetreatise.ThetechniqueofmovabletypeprintingwasintroducedtoJapan

andKoreainthe14thcentury.IntheWest,GermanprinterJo-

hannesGutenbergiscreditedwiththeinventionoftypographic1

8printinginthemid-15thcentury.——From

Ancient

Chinese

Inventions,Deng

Yinke(Author)/

Wang

Pingxing(Translator),China

Intercontinental

Press,2010(660words)Notes①BlockprintingwasprobablyinventedbetweentheSuiandTangDynasties,basedonthetechniqueoftransferringtexts

andpicturescutinreliefonsealsandstonepillarstoothersur-

faces.雕版印刷术很可能是隋朝至唐朝之间发明的,这种技术可以

将印章和石柱上浮雕的文字和图片转移到其他表面。②…anengravercutawaytheblankareassothatthetext

stoodoutinreliefandinreverse.……雕刻师将木版上的空白部分剔除,这样文字就凸出来

了。ExercisesⅠ.There

are

five

questions

or

unfinished

statements

based

on

the

passage.

For

each

of

them

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,B,

C

and

D.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutblockprint-

ing?A.Thetextwaswrittenininkonasheetoffinepaper.B.Thetypeswereplacedsidebysideonanironplatecoatedwitha

mixtureofresin,wax,andpaperash.C.Thewrittensideofthesheetwasappliedtothesmoothsurfaceofa

blockofwood.D.Anengravercutawaytheblankareassothatthetextstoodoutinre-

liefandinreverse.2.Non-governmentalpublishingintheFiveDynastiesperiodwas

.A.forbiddenB.depressedC.popularD.uncommon3.Thephrase“conceivedof”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans“

”.A.usedB.printedC.composedD.formedanideainthemind4.Thetechniqueoftransferringtextsandpicturescutinreliefonsealsto

othersurfaceswasdevelopedin

.A.theSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiodsB.theSuiDynastyC.theTangDynastyD.theSongDynasty5.WhydidBiShengpreparetwoironplatesinmovabletypeprinting?A.Becausemoretypescouldbeputinthem.B.Becausetheycouldbeheatedeasily.C.Becausetheycouldbeusedforspeedinguptheprintingprocess.D.Becausethetypescouldbearrangedinanorderlyway.Ⅱ.Fill

in

the

blanks

in

the

following

sentences,using

the

words

or

phrases

given

below.Change

the

form

where

necessary.1.Faxmachineswereawonderful

atthattime.2.HisfirstspeechasPresidentmadeastrong

onhisaudience.3.Therearevarious

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