2024-2025学年下学期高二英语人教新版期末必刷常考题之说明文阅读理解

第60页（共60页）2024-2025学年下学期高二英语人教新版期末必刷常考题之说明文阅读理解一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．（2024秋•黑龙江校级期末）Inaforeigncountry，amanvisitedalocalrestaurant.Hedidn'tspeaktheirlanguage.Heorderedsomethingindecipherable（难以辨认的）offthemenu.Whenthewaiterbroughthimaplateofdeliciouslookingfriednoodles，hesmiledandmadeanOKsignatthewaiterwithhisthumbandforefingerlinkedinacircle.Lookingangry，thewaiterthenpickedupthedishandthrownittohislap.Whathedidwrong，hewondered.Well，nothingisquiteasitseemswhenitcomestousinghandgestureinanothercountry.Gestureshavebeenusedtoreplacewordsinmanycountries，andtheyareoftenspecifictoagivenculture.Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture，butishighlyoffensiveinanother.Thegesture"thumb﹣up"iscommonlymisinterpreted.InEnglish，itispopularlyknownas"thumbsup"，despitethefactthattheactioniscommonlyperformedwithonlyonehand.English﹣speakingCaucasiansuseittosignal"OK"，whichisthesamemeaningasOKringgesture.Thetwocaninfactbeusedalmostinterchangeably.AvoidusingthisgestureinNorthernGreeceunlessyouwanttoinviteafight.WhileAmerican，BritishandAustralianwouldusethethumb﹣uptosignalhitch﹣hikingtothedrivers，thismessagewillnotencourageaGreekdriverormotoristtostoptogivethemaride.Therearenorightorwrongsignals，onlyculturaldifferences.Lackofculturalunderstandingwillleadtodisharmonyamongpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Whenweknowwhattolookfor，suchencounterswithotherculturesareactuallyveryinteresting，fascinatingandfun.Itiscertainlyagreattopictodiscussoveracupofcoffeeandcakes.（1）Whatdidthemaninthefirstparagraphdowrong？A．Hemisunderstoodthewaiter.B．Hedidn'trealizeculturaldifferences.C．Heorderedsomethingoffthemenu.D．Hemadethesignalinarudeway.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmean？A．Fullofadmiration.B．Fullofaggression.C．Fullofcomplexity.D．Fullofcertainty.（3）WhatwillhappenifyoumakeathumbuptowardamaninNorthernGreece？A．Hewillstoptogiveyoualift.B．Hewillgetannoyedandfightagainstyou.C．Hewillaskyoutogivehimalift.D．Hewillmakethesamesignaltowardyou.（4）What'sthepurposeofthepassage？A．Toexplainthemeaningofdifferentgestures.B．Totellstoriesaboutdifferentcultures.C．Toadviseustohaveanunderstandingofculturaldifferences.D．Topersuadepeoplefromdifferentcountriestoliveinharmony.2．（2024秋•沙坪坝区校级期末）Hibernation（冬眠）isaclassictopicofsciencefiction.Inmoviessuchas2001：ASpaceOdyssey，Alien，orPassengers，crewmembersareputintoastateofsleeptotakeyear﹣longjourneystospace.NowanewstudyfromWashingtonUniversityhasshownthathumanhibernationmaysoonbecomeareality.Theresearchteamcarriedouttestsonrats—animalsthatdonotnaturallyhibernate.Theyfirstidentifiedagroupofneurons（神经元）inadeepbrainregion，whichwerefoundtobeinvolvedincontrollingbodytemperatureduringhibernation.Theyshowedthat，inmice，theseneuronscouldbestimulatedusingultrasound（超声波），whichwasdeliveredthroughahelmetwithoutcausinganinjury.Whenreceivingtheultrasound，themiceshowedadropinbodytemperatureofabout3°C，andtheirheartratesfellbyabout47%.Whentheultrasoundsystemwasswitchedoff，theywokeupagain.Theresultwas"surprisingandfascinating"，saidHongChen，aprofessorwholedthework.Researchersarealsotryingtodeterminehowtoharnessthepowerofhibernationtohelphumans.Theybelievethatitcouldbekeytoaddressinghealthconditionslikeheartdisease，andAlzheimer's.Furthermore，hibernation'sabilitytoslowaging，whichwasobservedinbats，couldbenefitspaceexploration，enablinglongermissionswithlessfoodrequirements.Researchinanimalsalsosuggeststhatbodiesofhibernatingastronautsmightloselessboneandmuscle，makingthemfitandreadytostartchallengingexplorationsoonaftertheywakeup.Byunlockingthesecretsofthisremarkableprocess，researchersmayuncoverwaystoimprovehumanhealth，aswellasgainnewinsightsintothenaturalworld.Therefore，theexplorationofhibernationisanexcitingareathatissuretoyieldnumerousbenefitsintheyearstocome.Thescientistsnowplantolookathowloweredbodytemperaturemightaffectthecognitiveabilitiesofhumans."Ournextexperimentswilltestworkingmemoryinmonkeys.Thisisimportantbecausewhileastronautsphysicallyhibernateastheyflyintodeepspace，theirbrainstillneedstobeworking，"saidChen.（1）Howdidresearchersputratsintohibernation？A．Byloweringtheirbodytemperature.B．Byactivatingspecificbrainneurons.C．Byputtingaregularhelmetonthem.D．Byusingultrasoundthroughanoperation.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harness"inParagraph4probablymean？A．Employ.B．Challenge.C．Overlook.D．Discover.（3）Whatadvantagemighthibernationbringtohumans？A．Itimprovespeople'smentalhealth.B．Itpredictsavarietyofheartdiseases.C．Ithelpsastronautskeepphysicallyfit.D．Itenablesastronautstobuildupmuscle.（4）What'sthepurposeofthelastparagraph？A．Topointoutthesignificanceofthestudy.B．Tobringoutthefocusoffollow﹣upstudies.C．Todiscussotherfactorsaffectinghibernation.D．Toexplainpracticalapplicationsofthefinding.3．（2024秋•南京期末）Anexperthasrevealedwhethercarrotstrulyhelpyouseeinthedarkandifanappleadayactuallykeepsthedoctoraway.NutritionistLilySoutteralsoclarifiesifitreallytakessevenyearstodigestchewinggum（口香糖），whetheryoucanswimaftereatingandiffishisgoodforthebrain.SheconfirmsthatwhilecarrotscontainlotsofvitaminA，whichhelpsmaintainhealthyvision，theydon'thelpyouseeanybetterinthedark.Similarly，enjoyinganappleadaywon'tinitselfreduceyourchancesofneedingtovisitadoctor，andchewinggumdoesn'ttakesevenyearstoleaveyoursystem.Andsadly，eatingcelery（芹菜）doesn'tburnmorecaloriesthanyougainfromeatingit，despite23percentbelievingittobethecase.YogurtmakerOnkenteamedupwithLily.Theyconductedasurveyof2，000people，findinghalfofthemare"confused"aboutfoodfactandfiction.Onkensaid，"Manyofusrelyonwhatwerememberfromschoolwhenitcomestonutrition.Butwe'relearningnewthingsallthetimeaboutwhatdifferentfoodsdoforourhealth，suchasthebenefitoffermented（发酵的）foodstoourgutandimmunesystem.Whilesomeofwhat'spasseddownovergenerations；issuperadvice，someofitisn't."Thestudyalsofoundthatswimmingrightaftereatingiswronglybelievedby34percentofadultstohesomethingyoushouldn'tdo.Infact，it'sexercisingtohighintensityimmediatelyaftereatingthatshouldbeavoided，asitcangiveyouasuddenpain.Almosthalfbelievefishisgoodforthebrain.They'reright，aslongasthey'reeatingoilyfish，essentialomega﹣3fattyacidsinoilyfishcontributetonormalbrainfunction.becauseer"fakenews"wronglybelievedbymanyofthosesurveyedincludeeatingchickensouphelpsifOtheracold（27%）anddrinkingfruitjuiceisashealthyaseatingwholefruit（17%）.（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutLilySoutter'sfindings？A．anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.B．Eatingcelerysurelyhelpsusloseweight.C．Eatingcarrotscontributestohealthyvision.D．Carrotshelpusseethingsbetterinthedark.（2）WhyisOnkenmentionedinthetext？A．Toappealtomorepeopletofindrightfoodfacts.B．Toinformpeopleofthebenefitoffermentedfoods.C．ToprovetherearemanymakersworkingwithLily.D．Topointoutmanypeople'smistakennutritionideas.（3）Whatattitudeshouldwetaketothenutritionideaspasseddownovergenerations？A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Indifferent.D．Cautious.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A．LearningNewThingsIsVitaltoHealthB．HowtoFight"FakeNews'"AboutHealthC．WelcometotheMostPopularFoodMythsD．NutritionistRevealsTruthAboutFoodMyths4．（2024春•朝阳区校级期末）Highemployment，fallinginflation（通货膨胀），andeconomicgrowth.Onthesurface，theUSeconomycurrentlyseemstobedoinggreat.Butasitturnsout，thingsarenotsorosyfortheaverageAmerican.AccordingtoaMarch6surveyconductedbytheSavingswebsite，47percentofUSparentsprovidefinancialsupporttotheiradultchildrentohelpdealwiththecostoflivingstruggles.GenZers（aged18﹣27）werefoundtobethemostlikelygenerationtogetfinancialhelpfromtheirparents，receivingonaverage1，515dollarspermonth.Still，manyolderparentswerefoundtosupporttheirMillennial（aged28﹣43）orGenerationX（aged44﹣59）adultchildren，accountingfor21percentofparentsprovidingsupport.Themostcommonexpensesmentionedweregroceriesandhealthinsurance.ButwhyaresomanyUSadults，bothyoungandold，strugglingto"leavethenest"？Onemajorreasonisfoodprices.Accordingtoasurvey，foodpricesareexpectedtoincreasebynearly2.5percentin2024.Meanwhile，stablehousingremainsanelusivedreamformany.Theaverageratefora30﹣yearmortgage（抵押贷款）wasalmost8percentin2023，whichmeansmanyAmericansarepricedoutofaffordingtheirownhome.Thefinalpieceofthepuzzleisfallingsalaries.Previousgenerationswereabletocountongraduatingfromcollegeasthekeytolandingajobthatpaidwell.Butnow，younggraduateshavefoundtheyearnlessthantheirparents.Collegegraduatesalarieshavedecreasedmorethan10percentinfourdecadesafteradjustingforinflation.Inotherwords，steadilydecliningsalariesmakeitevenharderforyoungAmericanstocopewithrisingcosts.AsGenZersintheUSstruggleunderfinancialpressures，sodotheoldergenerationssupportingthem，astheirsharingputstheirretirementatrisk.TheSavingswebsitediscoveredthatworkingparentswerefoundtocontribute"2.4timesmoretosupportadultchildrenthantheycontributetotheirretirementaccountseachmonth".Essentially，whiletheUSeconomyremainsafloat，wewillwitnessmultiplegenerationsofAmericanssinkingintheirownlifeboatsintheyearsahead.（1）WhatdidtheMarch6surveyfindoutaboutadultchildrenintheUS？A.Nearlyhalfofthemarefinanciallydependent.B.OverhalfofGenZersarefinanciallystruggling.C.21percentofGenerationXreceiveparentalhelp.D.Amajorityofthemrelyontheirparentsforeducation.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"elusive"inparagraph4mostprobablymean？A.Readilyaccessible.B.Difficulttoachieve.C.Oftenmisunderstood.D.Commonlysoughtafter.（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromthearticleaboutpeopleintheUS？A.Graduates'financialstrugglesaretemporary.B.Governmentpoliciesfavoroldergenerations.C.Salariesforgraduatestendtokeepupwithinflation.D.Financialpressuresaffectboththeyoungandtheold.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofAmericans？A.Negative.B.Optimistic.C.Ambiguous.D.Indifferent.5．（2023春•惠州期末）TheRomanColosseumwasbuiltalmosttwothousandyearsago.Despiteitsageanda14thcenturyearthquakethatknockeddownthesouthside，mostofthe150﹣somefootbuildingisstillstanding.Scientistsandengineershavelongsuspectedakeytothebuilding'sdurability（使用年限）istheuseofaspecificRomanconcrete.Butexactlyhowthissolidconcretehascontributedtothearchitecture'sstrengthhasbeenamysterytoresearchersacrosstheglobe.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredapotentialanswertowhytheseancientRomanbuildingshavebeenabletoweatherthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconcretestructuresseemtofallapartafterafewdecades.Theanswerisself﹣healingconcrete.Thematerialhasthreecomponents：limestone（石灰石），volcanicmaterialandwater.Whattheresearchersfoundwasthattheself﹣healingfeaturemightbesimplycausedbychemistryaccidentally.Thelimestoneintheconcreteislikelythesecret.WhentheancientRomansmademortar（灰浆），theyheatedupthelimetoturnitintoasubstancecalled"quicklime".And，becausetheyintroducedwatertothequicklimeduringmixing，theheatitproducedsetupachemicalfoundationthatcouldstrengthentheconcretelater.Whentinycracksstarttoformlater，thequicklimestopsthemfrombecomingbigger.Whenitrains，thelimereactswiththewatertorecombineasvariousformsofcalciumcarbonate（碳酸钙），quicklyfillingthecrackorreactingwiththevolcanicashto"heal"thematerial.FormaterialsscientistAinissaRamirez，thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery."Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly，"saysRamirez."It'ssortoflikeamessageinabottle.TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen，youknow，inturn，bebetterprotectorsofourenvironment."（1）Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1？A．ThesecretofRomanconcretehasbeenrevealed.B．TheRomanColosseumwasbuiltinthe14thcentury.C．ThewholeRomanColosseumsurvivedtheearthquake.D．Romanconcreteisessentialtothearchitecture'sstrength.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weather"inparagraph2mean？A．Take.B．Stand.C．Avoid.D．Fail.（3）Whatdoweknowabouttheself﹣healingprocess？A．Thelimeitselfcouldfillthecracklater.B．Thequicklimeshouldbemadeonrainydays.C．Thechemicalfoundationcouldweakentheconcrete.D．Combiningwaterandquicklimewouldproduceheat.（4）WhatcanbeinferredfromRamirez'swords？A．Peoplecanbeinspiredtomakegreenermaterials.B．ThesecretofRomanconcreteishiddeninabottle.C．Romanconcretehasgreatlyimprovedtheenvironment.D．Romanconcreteispopularinmakingmodernarchitecture.6．（2024秋•合肥期末）Airpollutionisamongthebiggestthreatsagainsthumans，whichcausessevenmillionearlydeathsayear.Tofightthisproblem，fourfriendsputtheirheadstogetheranddesignedCityTree，whichisamobilestructurethatcancaptureasmanypollutantsasaforestmadeupof275trees.Whatmakesthe'tree'specialisthatit'snotaregulartreeatall；itismadeupofmosscultures（苔藓培养物）thatdoagreatjobofabsorption."Mosscultureshaveamuchlargersurfacethananyotherplant，"ZhengliangWu，co﹣founderofGreenCitySolutions，explainedtoCNN."Thatmeanswecancapturemorepollutants."Theentire'tree'sustainsitselfusingsolarpanelsthatgenerateelectricitysothatitcancollectrainwateritself.Tomonitorthehealthofthemoss，theCityTreehassensorswhichmeasuretemperatureandwaterquality.Now，about20CityTreescanbefoundinmajorcitieslikeOslo，andParis.TheteamalsohasplanstointroducetheCityTreetocitiesinlower﹣incomecountries，whichmayhaveworseairpollution.However，GaryFuller，anexpertonairpollution，thinksthattheconceptofanurbanairpurifiermightbetooambitious."Evenifyouhadaperfectaircleaner，gettingthesurroundingairincontactwithitisreallyhard，"hesaid.Pollutionmadebycars，forexample，spreadsupwardsafewkilometersintotheair."Effortswouldbebetterputintostoppingthepollutionfromforminginthefirstplace，"headded.Inresponse，theCityTreeinventorssaythattheyareawareofthisandchoosethelocationofeachCityTreecarefully.Theyarealsotestingasystemtocreatetheirownairflowthatdrawsthepollutiontothe'tree'.（1）Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningtheCityTree？A.Itsappearance.B.Itsoperatingprocess.C.Howitworks.D.Howitgetspowered.（2）WhatisGaryFuller'sattitudetotheCityTree？A.Doubtful.B.Intolerant.C.Worried.D.Unclear.（3）WhatwilltheCityTreeinventorsprobablydo？A.Developanewtypeofaircleaner.B.Makeimprovementstothestructure.C.Redirecteffortstomakegreenercars.D.Expandtheirbusinessinrichcountries.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext？A.GlobalEffortsinPlantingTreesB.TheAlarmingTrendofAirPollutionC.AStructurethatWillChangetheWorldD.The'Tree'withtheGreenBenefitsofaForest7．（2024秋•市中区期末）Abotisasoftwareprogramthatoftenworksbyitselfontheinternettoperformthesamekindsofactionsashumansdo.Thereport，producedbyCalifornia﹣basedinternetsecuritycompanyImperva，foundthat49.6percentofworldwideinternettraffic（互联网流量）camefrombotsin2023，whilefromhumanusersfellto50.4percent.Imperva'sstudyalsofoundthatwebtrafficlinkedto"badbots"grewto32percentin2023，ariseof30.2percentfrom2022.NanhiSingh，asecurityadvisoratImperva，saidthatbotsarecurrentlyoneofgrowingthreatsfacingalmosteveryindustry.Botsaregenerallydesignedtovisitwebsitesandindependentlysearchformanykindsofonlineinformation.Theyareabletooperateatmuchgreaterspeedsthanhumansandcanprocessrepeatedsearchesandprocesslargeamountsofdata.OnlinesearchadvisorYoastnotesthatsomebotsareconsideredgoodbecausetheycanbeusefultoindividualsthroughtoolssuchasOpenAI'schatbot，ChatGPT.Someothersareconsideredmalicious，becausetheyaretrainedtohack，orbreakintonetworkcomputersystems.Thesekindsofbotspretendthemselvesashumansandcollectprivatedataorfinancialinformationthatcanbeusedtocommitcrimes.Andsomebotsareevendesignedtospreadmisinformationandfalsenews.Thestudyalsosuggestedthatsomecountrieshaveamuchbiggerproblemwithbadbotsthanothers.Webtrafficlinkedtobadbotsin2023accountedfor71percentinIrelandwhileGermanywasnext，with67.5percent.ThepercentageofMexicoandtheUSAwasreportedtobe42.8percentand35.4percentrespectively.Impervaevenreportedthatbadbotactivitywouldleadtoaccounttakeovers，whichincreased10percentin2023over2022.Thehighestnumberofaccounttakeovers—36.8percent—happenedinthefinancialservicesindustry.Nextwasthetravelindustry，with11.5percent，followedbybusinessservicesateightpercent.NanhiSinghsaidtheproblemislikelytoworsenincomingyearstothepointwheresuchbotswouldexisteverywhere.Sheurgedorganizationstointroducebotmanagementandsecuritytoolsinanefforttolimitautomatedtrafficandpreventdangerousaccounttakeovers.（1）WhatdidImperva'sstudyfind？A.Badbotscaused49.6%ofwebtrafficin2023.B.Trafficfromhumanusersfelltothesecondin2023.C.Webtrafficlinkedto"badbots"rosesharplyin2023.D.Nearlyhalfoftheworld'swebtrafficwascausedbybadbotsin2023.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"malicious"inParagraph2mean？A.Useful.B.Dependable.C.Harmful.D.Irresponsible.（3）WhatisNanhiSingh'sattitudetowardscurrentsituationofwebtraffic？A.Optimistic.B.Satisfied.C.Concerned.D.Conservative.（4）Whatcanbelearnedaboutbotsfromthepassage？A.Everyindustryiscurrentlythreatenedbybots.B.Botscanbebothhelpfulandtroublesome.C.Botscansearchforonlineinformationbythemselves.D.WebtrafficlinkedtobadbotswasthemostseriousprobleminIrelandin2023.8．（2024秋•市中区期末）Anewstudyonbabybirdsshowsthattrafficnoisecanaffecttheirgrowthandleadtolifelongharm.Thefindingraisesnewconcernsabouttheeffectofnoisepollutiononwildlife—andhumansaswell.Researchersalreadyknewtoomuchnoiseislikelytodisturbbirds，makingitmoredifficultfortheparentstocommunicatewithandcarefortheirbabybirds.Butitwasn'tclearwhetherthenoiseitselfcoulddirectlyharmyoungbirds.MyleneMariette，abehavioralecologistatDeakinUniversity，andherteamsetouttoanswerthatquestionwithbirdsheldoncampusinMelbourne，Australia.For5nightsinarow，theyplayedeggseitherroadnoiseorbirdsongsforseveralhours.Thesoundswerekeptatavolumeof65decibels（分贝）—aboutthesameloudnessasaconversationinabarorcitytraffic.Othereggswereleftinsilence.Aftertheeggshatched，thebabybirdsreceivedoneoftwotreatments—roadnoiseorbirdsongs—foranother9nights.Thebabybirdsheardthesoundsinaseparateroom，andthenwerereturnedtotheirnests.Eggsexposedtotrafficsoundswere19%lesslikelytohatchcomparedwiththoseexposedtothesoundofsongs.Itshowsacleareffectoftrafficnoise，Mariettesays.Asthebabybirdsdeveloped，theyalsoshowedworryingdevelopmentsigns.Thoseexposedtonoisegrewslower.Moreover，whenthosebirdsgrewup，theyhadabouthalfasmanyoffspring（后代）asthebirdsexposedtosongsasyoungsters.HansSlabbekoorn，anecologistandanimalbehaviorexpertatLeidenUniversity，notesthattheseconcernsapplytohumansaswell."Thefindingssuggestthattheacoustic（听觉的）environmentofbirdsincitiesandalonghighwaysshouldbebettermanaged，"hewrites，"andthattheacousticcomfortinhospitalenvironmentsforpregnantmothersandbabiesrequiresspecialattention."Eventually，theresearchmighthelprevealhowmuchandinwhatwaysnoisepollutionshouldbereduced.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocusonaboutthestudy？A.Itsprocess.B.Itsresult.C.Itsdifficulty.D.Itspurpose.（2）Howarethefindingsexplainedinparagraph4？A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bymakingpredictions.（3）Whatdothefindingsindicate？A.Movethebirdsfromcitiestoprotectedareas.B.Makelawstoclosehighwaysandothernoisyplaces.C.Educatepeopleonthebadeffectsofnoisepollution.D.Payspecialattentiontothehospitalenvironmentforbabies.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.TrafficnoisehelpsbirdscommunicateB.ScientistshavefoundwaystoreducenoiseC.HospitalenvironmentsaregreatlyaffectedD.Trafficnoisecauseslifelongharmtobabybirds9．（2022春•梁园区校级期末）"Alotofthetimewhenclimatechangeisdiscussedinmainstreammedia，peopleareasking'canhumansovercomethis？'，or'whattechnologycansolvethis？'.It'shightimewerecognizedthatanimalsalsohavetoadapttovariouschanges.Weknowsomeanimalschangetheirskincolorstoescapefromnaturalenemiesorduetoenvironmentpollution，"saysRyding."Theclimatechangethatwehavecreatedisputtingalotofpressureonthem，andsomespeciestrytoadaptbyshapeshifting（变形）."Strongshapeshiftinghasparticularlybeenreportedinbirds.SeveralspeciesofAustralianparrothaveshown，onaverage，a4%﹣10%increaseinbeak（鸟喙）sizesince1871，andthisispositivelylinkedwiththesummertemperatureeachyear.NorthAmericandark﹣eyedjuncos，atypeofsmallsongbird，hadalinkbetweenincreasedbeaksizeandshort﹣termtemperatureextremesincoldenvironments.Therehavealsobeenreportedchangesinmammalianspecies.Researchershavereportedtaillengthincreasesinwoodmiceandlegsizeincreasesinmaskedshrews（鼩鼱）."Theincreasesinsomebodypartssizeweseesofararequitesmall﹣lessthan10%﹣sothechangesareunlikelytobeimmediatelynoticeable，"saysRyding."However，somebodypartssuchasearsarepredictedtoincrease."RydingintendstoinvestigateshapeshiftinginAustralianbirdsfirsthandby3Dscanningmuseumbirdspecimensfromthepast100years.Itwillgiveherteamabetterunderstandingofwhichbirdsarechangingtheirbodypartsandwhy."Shapeshiftingdoesnotmeanthatanimalsarecopingwithclimatechangeandthatallis'fine'，"saysRyding."Itjustmeanstheyareadaptingtosurviveit﹣butwe'renotsurewhattheotherecologicalconsequencesofthesechangesare，orindeedthatallspeciesarecapableofchangingandsurviving."（1）Whatmaycauseanimals'shapeshiftingaccordingtoRyding？A．Humanhunting.B．Climatechange.C．Naturalenemies.D．Pollutedsurroundings.（2）Whatmethoddoestheauthormainlyusetodevelopparagraph2？A．Givingexamples.B．Cause﹣effectanalysis.C．Makingcomparison.D．Processanalysis.（3）WhatcanweknowfromRyding'swordsinthelastparagraph？A．Animalscanwelladapttochangesandsurvive.B．Influenceofanimals'shapeshiftingisuncertain.C．RydingwillresearchintobirdmuseumsinAustralia.D．Alladaptationsofanimalstoclimatechangearebeneficial.（4）Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext？A．Technology.B．Healthcare.C．Environment.D．Education.10．（2024春•德州期末）It'soneofthemostcommonquestionsadultsaskchildren：whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup？Althoughchildhoodissupposedtobefun，kidsalsodiscussimportanttopicsregardingtheirfutures.Now，anewstudyfindsthatchildrenwhosetbiggoalsregardingtheirfuturestatusandeducationoftensetthemselvesupforsuccessastheyage.Thefindings，publishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology，arethefirsttorevealaconnectionbetweenlifegoaldevelopmentandfuturesuccessinschoolortheworkplace.RodicaDamian，anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofHouston，andotherresearchersdiscoveredthataschildrengrowup，theirgoalsnaturallybegintochange.However，assomechildhoodgoalsfallaway，othergoalsrelatedtoafamilystaystrong.Theseincludebeingclosetorelatives，buildingmorefriendshipsorfindingaromanticpartner，andevenbecomingmoreinvolvedinthecommunityorhelpingothers.Duringthestudy，researcherscomparedhowtheirgoalsevolvedaschildrenmovedfromadolescencetoadulthoodandhowaperson'sgoalsimpactedtheirsuccessinschoolandasanemployeelateron.Overall，achild'sgoalsfocusingontheireducationandfuturestatuswerethemostconsistentpredictorsofincomeinadulthood.Simply，whenachilddreamsbigaboutdoingwellinschoolorachievinggreatsuccessasanadult，thesegoalsaccuratelypaintapictureofhowsuccessfulthesechildrenwillbe.So，themessageissimple：dreambiganddreamofsuccess，kids!Thosegoalscandriveyoutosuccesswhenyougrowup!"Ourworkprovesastrongconnectionbetweenachild'slifegoals，educationalachievement，andfutureoccupationaloutcomes.Thisinformationisvaluableforparentsandeducatorswhocanuseittoencouragechildrentosetambitiousgoals.Additionally，ithelpsdevelopstrategiestosupportindividualsinachievingtheirgoalsandreachingtheirfullpotential，"Damianconcludes.（1）Whatdoesthestudymainlyfocuson？A.Whychildrenchangetheirdreamsovertime.B.Whetherchildhoodgoalsrelatetofuturesuccess.C.Howchildhoodeducationdeterminesfuturecareer.D.Whatimpactearlyexperienceshaveoncharacters.（2）Whichofthefollowinggoalsremainsstrongaschildrengrowup？A.Connectingwithothers.B.Achievingacademicsuccess.C.Huntingforahigh﹣salaryjob.D.Improvingpersonalsocialstatus.（3）Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinparagraph3？A.FuturecareersisdeterminedbyChildhoodachievements.B.Ch