冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第八模块 历史文化类阅读（原题卷）

冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解

第八模块：历史文化类

Passage1.（2021・乐山模拟）

Lookingaroundyourcity,itmaybehardtoimaginethattheremightbeatimewhenitwilldisappear.

Butthat'sexactlywhathappenedtothesecommunities.

HashimaIsland,Japan

HashimaIslandwasformerlyoneofthemostpopulatedcitiesintheworld.The6hectareislandprovided

jobstomorethan5000people,manyofwhommadetheirlivingattheisland'sunderwatercoalmines.When

themineswereclosed.HashimaIslandwasabandoned.

Consonno,Italy

Consonnowasatinytownwithapopulationoflessthan300androotsdatingbacktothemiddleages.Then

MarioBagnocamealonganddecidedtoturntheareaintotheLasVegasofItaly.Heknockeddownnearly

everybuilding.Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.Today,

Consonnohasbeenabandoned.

EasternSettlement,Greenland

EasternSettlementinGreenlandisn'tjustanabandonedcity,it'salsoamystery.Oncethemostpopulated

areainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.Thelastknownwritingsfromthearea

appliedtoaweddingin1408andofferednoclues.Itremainsoneofmanyancientmysteriesresearcherscan't

explain.

Troy,Turkey

Troywasregardedimmortal（不朽的）inHomer'sepicpoem,TheIliad.Formanyyears,theTroyof

AncientGreecewasmerelythestuffoflegendbutinthe1800sitslocationwasdiscoveredinwhatisnow

Turkey.Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarcstillstudying.

（1）Whatdothefourcommunitieshaveincommon?

A.Theyweredeserted.B.Theywerecapitalcities.

C.Theyweretouristspots.D.Theywerethicklypopulated.

(2)Whichcommunitysufferedfromanaturaldisaster?

A.HashimaIsland.B.Consonno.C.EasternSettlement.D.Troy.

(3)WhatdoweknowaboutEasternSettlement?

A.Itdisappearedfornoobviousreason.B.It'saplacewhereweddingswereheld.

C.It'saplaceforvisitorstoexperiencehistory.D.ItexistedasoneoftheoldesttownsinGreenland.

Passage2.(2020•盐城模拟)

Adecadeago,CassSunstein,anAmericanlegalscholar,co-authoredabook,Nudge»withthe

economistRichardThaler.Inil,theyarguedthatnudgescanshapethebehaviourofpopulations.Theidea

provedsopersuasive(hatitinfluencedWhiteHousepolicy,andSunsteinandThalerrose(ofame.

NowSunsteinhaspublishedanotherbook,Republic,whichdescribeshowsocialmediashapespolitics

andjournalism.Sofar,ithasnotreceivedasmuchattentionasNudge.Thisisapity：theideasinRepublic

arearguablymoreimportant-andmorepressing.

Thesedays,manyvotersseemextremelyangrywithbothjournalistsandsocialmedia.Inthiscolumn

'astweek,forexample,Iwroteaboutthetribalisation(部落化)of(hemedia.Thishascausedmoreonline

readercomments(hanalmostanythingelseIhavewritten-andmostof(hemareangry.

Amidalltheemotion,whatisobviouslylackingareproposalsforawayforward.Readersandviewers

saytheywantthemediatobe"lessbiased"andto"fbcuson(hefacts"buttheproblemofhowtofinanceand

organizeseriousnon-partisan(无党派偏向的)journalismforthemassmarketremainslargelyunsolved.The

(roubleisthatpartisansocialmediaisfree-andreadersseemtobehungryforthis.Sohowcanwesupport

realnewswhenmostvoterskeepflocking(蜂拥而至)toentertainingstoriesthatarc(atbest)partisanand

(atworst)deliberatelyfake?

ThisiswhereRepubliccomesin.Sunstcinbelievesthatoneofthebiggestproblemsinmediatodayisthe

phenomenonof"informational"and"reputationalcascades"：ifastoryorideagetslaunchedonFacebookor

TwitterinaformatthatiseasytoLikeorShare,itcansnowballrapidlyandinfluencepublicopinion.This

probablymakessocialmediasufferfrombothpolarisationandmanipulation(操纵)-anddamageestablished

journalismgradually.

Sunsteinsuggestssomestrategiestofightback.Theleastrealisticideaisthatgovernmentsorcharity

groupsshouldcreateso-called"deliberativedomains"：spacesonlineorinthephysicalworldwhereopposing

politicalviewpointscanbedebated.Healsoadvocatescampaigns(opromotemedialiteracy(能力)amongthe

public.

Anotherproposalisforgovernmentstorequiremediacompaniestopromotenon-partisancoverage.The

governmentcouldalsoforcepartisanwebsitestoincludelinkstoarticleswithconflictingpointsofview：

Breitbart,fbrexample,mightcarryalinktoapiecebyHuffingtonPost,andviceversa.Orsocialmedia

companiescouldperhapscreatewaysthatenablereaderstocomeacrossunexpectedideastowhichtheywould

nototherwisebeexposed.

Amoreseveremovewouldbetoforcesocialmediasitestomeetcertainlegalstandards,similartothose

raisedforprintjournalism.

(1)WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?

A.Thebook.Nudge»waswellreceivedimmediatelyitcaneout.

B.Theydoubtedwhethertheminorchangescouldaffectthewaypeoplebehave.

C.CassSunsteingotpraisedthankstohisdevotiontothebookwrittenbyhimonhisown.

D.Thespecificideasinthebo^k,Nudge,madeadifferencetothepolicyofthegovernment.

(2)Whattheaudience'sattitudestothesocialmedia?

A.Indifferent.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Optimistic.

(3)What'stheproblemfacingthesocialmediaaccordingtothepassage?

(hestairs：asCinderellamadeherescape,ashoegotstuckonit.

Herenowiswherethestorybecomesunpleasant：whentheprincewentto(hehouselookingforthegirl

whosefootfittheshoe,thewicked(邪恶的)stepmothertoldoneofhertwodaughterstocutoffherbigtoeto

fitintotheshoe.Thedaughterdidastold.Sotheprincetookherawaytobehisbride.But,whentheypassed

thetombofCinderella'smother,thebirdscalledouttotheprince,

"Turnandpeep,there'sbloodwithintheshoe；

Theshoeistoosmall*thetruebridewaitsforyou."

Realizinghehadbeentricked,theprincereturnedthedaughtertohermother：(heother(henhadtocutoff

partofherheelinordertofitintotheshoe,withthesameresult.OnlyCinderella'sfootfitperfectlyandsothe

princechosetomarryher.Thestoryendswiththeweddingday：asCinderella'stwostepsistersfollowedher,

pretendingtobedevotedtohersothattheycouldenjoytheking'sriches,twobirdsflewbyandplucked(啄)

outtheireyes.Becauseoftheirwickednessandfalsehood,theyhadtospendtherestoftheirdaysblind.

TheoriginalCinderellaisscdifferentfromtheDisneyversion.ThankgoodnessDisneymadesuchchanges：

itindeedwasawisemove.

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"in(hefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Suchwonderfulthings.B.Otherwell-lovedcharacters.C.Oldfables.D.Cartoonmovies.

(2)HowdidCinderellagethername?

A.Thebirdscameupwithit.B.ItwasgivenbyDisney.

C.Itcamefromtheword"ash".D.Shegotitfromhermother.

(3)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheoriginalstory?

A.HelpfulmicegotCinderellaabeautifuldress.B.Theballwasheldtocelebrate(heprince'swedding.

C.Cinderellalefthershoeonthestairsonpurpose.D.Thebirdstoldtheprincethathehadbeencheated.

Passage4.（2020•盐城模拟）

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandwe

areallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreat

civilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies>onevery

powerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece,inAihens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry,（herewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenians

willinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed»andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyedif

freemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlife

wouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwas

freeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyou

approvedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.Eachonefelt

responsibleforthewelfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecity

washisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmen

whocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestale.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeople

donotprizeil,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattook

placewithoutbeingnoticedthoughi（wasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffected（he

wholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian'sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thaltheycouldgetmaterialbenefits

fromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthe

cityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestate

wastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfcrtablclifefor

them；andwiththisastheprimaryobject»ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglected

thepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreat

wealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.

Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.There

couldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibility

fbrthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayfor

freedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility；she

reachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.

But,"theexcellentbecomesthepermanent,"Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwas

notlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto："Thecapacity(能力)ofmankind

fbrself-government."NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthest

backgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAge

cannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman'sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredby(heworldof

action.Onecanneverhesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldoso

sometime.

(1)Whatdoes(heunderlinedword"tyrannies"inParagraph2referto?

A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.

C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.D.GovernmentsRiledwithabsolutepower.

(2)Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho.

A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity

(3)WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

(4)Whatdoes(hesentence"Therecouldbeonlyoneresult."inParagraph5mean?

A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.

C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.

(5)Whydoes(heauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?

A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.

C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.D.Theauthorisproudofman'scapacity.

(6)Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingoffreedom?

A.Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.

C.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.

Passage5.(2020•新乡三模)

OnthelastMondayinMay,peopleintheUnitedStatescelebrateMemorialDay.Thisfederalholiday

honorsmembersoftheAmericanmilitarywhodiedatwar.Schoolsandgovernmentofficesclose.Most

peopleintheUShavethisdayofffromwork.PeoplecelebrateMemorialDaywithoutdoorparades.

MostAmericansconsideritthestartofsummerthoughtheseasonreallybeginsinJune.Withsomany

peopleoffwork,MemorialDayhasalsobecomeapopularshoppingday.However,onmostoccasions

MemorialDayisaseriousandevensorrowfulholiday.Thosewhohavelostfamilymembersatwarvisitburial

sitestodecoratethegraves.Theyplaceflowers,wreathsandUSflagsonthegraves.

MemorialDaycomesfromatraditionthatbeganaftertheUSCivilWarcalledDecorationDay.TheCivil

Warwasaverydark(imeintheUShistory.Historianshavelongthoughtthatabout620,000soldiersdiedin

ihefighting.However,newresearchsuggeststhat(hedeadnumberedabout750,000.

In1868,about5,000peoplegatheredatArlingtonNationalCemeteryontheedgeofWashington,

D.C.Theydecoratedmorethan10,000gravesofUnionandConfederatesoldiers.Theycalledi(

DecorationDay.

Thetraditionspreadtootherareasofthecountry.In1873,NewYorkStatecalleditMcirorialDayand

wasthefirsttomakeitalegalholiday.Otherstatesfollowed,butnotall.Somesouthernstareshad(and

stillhave)separatecelebrationsthathonoronlydeadConfederatesoldiers.

AfterWorldWarIendedin1918,MemorialDaybecameadaytohonorallAmericansoldierskilledat

war.In1971,CongresspassedalawmakingitanofficialfederalholidayalloverAmerica.

(1)What'sthepurposeofMemorialDayinAmerica?

A.Tomarkthestartofsummer.B.Toletpeopleenjoythemselves.

C.lbshowrespecttodeadsoldiers.D.Tosetaholidaytoencouragesoldiers.

(2)WhatistheatmosphereofAirericanMemorialDaylikeonmostoccasions?

A.Sad.B.Casual.C.Pleasant.D.Relaxing.

(3)WhendidMemorialDaybeccmealegalholidaythroughouttheUS?

A.In1868.B.In1873.C.In1918.D.In1971.

(4)Whatis(hebesttitlefor(hetext?

A.TheProspectofAmericanMemorialDayB.TheEvolutionofMemorialDayintheUS

C.MembersHonoredonAmericanMemorialDayD.CelebrationActivitiesonMemorialDayintheUS

Passage6.(2020•日照模拟)

DeepinthemiddleofSriLanka,amassivecolumnofrockreachesoutfromthegreentropicalforest.It

is660feettallandfeaturesfrescoes(壁画)，graffiti,andlandscapedgardens.

TherockisknownasSigiriyaandholdsaspecialplaceintheisland'sculturalhistory.

Itwasestablishedas(hestrongholdofakingover1,500yearsago,andtoday(heSigiriyacomplexstands

asoneoftheearliestpreservedexamplesofancienturbanplanning.

LocatedintheCentralProvince,thecolumnofrockissomewhatcentraltothecountry.Therockis

knownasSihagiri,meaning"LionRock",anodtothegiantanimalcarvedfromstonewhichgreetedvisitors

attheentrance.

In476BC,KingDhatusenaruledoverSriLanka.Oneofhisillegalsons,Kashyapa,wantedthethrone

(王位).KashyapaoverthrewDhatusenaanddrovehisbrotherMoggallanatoSouthernIndia.Kashyapa

crownedhimselfkingin477BC.

KingKashyapachoseSigiriyaashispalacebecauseitspositionwasanadvantagetothedefensive

stronghold,offeringfantastic360-degreeviews.Planstobuildacityquicklyunfoldedandafterseveral

years,theSigiriyacomplexhadbecomeabusinesscenterforthenewKing.

Sigiriyawasbothapalaceandafortress(堡垒)；theoverallcomplexfeaturedfivegatesandmeasured

justunder3kmbyjustover1km.Thesiteplanconsistedofafort,anupperpalaceonthetopoftherock,

andlowerpalacesatgroundlevel.Thekingalsoconstructedgardensthroughout,andforpro:ectionariver

withwallssurroundedthecomplex.

Frescoesdecoratethewesternsideoftherock,alongwiththemirrorwall,abrickfacecoveredina

highly-polishedwhiteplaster.Whennew,thewallwassaidtobeable(oproduceReflections.

OvertimetheMirrorWallbecameagraffitiboard>coveredinverseswrittenbyvisitors.Knownas

'SigiriGraffiti",someofthemessagesdatetothe8thcenturyCE.

(1)ItisimpliedinthepassagethatSigiriyawasbuiltto.

A.preservethecultureofSriLankaB.provetheancienturbanplanning

C.keeptheKingfrombeingattackedD.protectthegreentropicalforest

(2)Accordingto(hepassage,somevisitorswould.

A.haveareflectionbeforetheMirrorWallB.leavecommentsontheMirrorWall

C.drawbeautifulpaintingsofgirlsonthewallD.belostinthoughtbeforetheMirrorWall

(3)WhatdoweknowaboutSigiriya?

A.Itsentranceiscarvedlikealion.B.Itsgardensarcatgroundlevel.

C.Itswesternsideisamirror.D.Itspalacesareon（hetopoftherock.

（4）Whatis（hebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ThegiantlionsinSriLanka.B.ThepearloftheIndianOcean.

C.TheLionRockofSriLanka.D.Themirrorwallinarock.

Passage7.（2020•成都模拟）

Archeology（考古学）isn'tthedustyscienceitwasagenerationago.Newtechnologiesthatonceseemed

outofsci-fiarenowlocatingburiedtracesofbuildingsandrevealingtheruinsofcities.

Formore（hanadecade,SarahParcakandherteamhavebeenonthefrontlineofthisrevolution.They

usesatelliteimagestofindandexploreancientsitesaroundtheglobe.Nowthey'reabouttotakeonanew

challengeastheyfocusGlobalXplorcrcitizen-scienceprojectonIndia.

In2017,Parcaklaunchedanonlineplatform,calledGlobalXplorer,tocrowdsource（群众外包）

theinitialassessmentofsatelliteimagesforsignsofculturesfromlongago.Anyoneintheworldwitha

computerandInternetaccesscculdhelpdiscoverandprotectremainsofPeru'srichculturalheritage.The

resultshavebeensurprising.About80,000participantsfromahundredcountrieshaveidentified19,000sites

thatwerenotinPeru'sdatabase.TheplatformforPeruisstillrunning.

Ifallgoeswell,theworkinIndiacouldlastforyears."Indiahashadrelativelylittlearchaeologicalwork

done»"Parcaksays.Also,thefullextentofIndia'sarchaeologicalworkhasneverbeenmapped

completely.Parcakexpectsherprojecttomakeupthat."Whereverweendupgoing,thecrowd'sgoingto

beabletoseeextraordinarythings,"Parcaksays.

ThirtysixIndia'sculturalheritagerelicsarealreadylistedasUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.Parcak

thinkstherecouldbetensofthousandsofasyetunknownsitesmappedaspartofthisproject.Thediscoveries

promisetobeamazingacrossthelandthathasseenaparadeofculturescomeandgo.

Inthefuture,shehopesothercountrieswillcontacthertolaunchtheirownsatellitesurveys.The

possibilitiesarehuge.Parcakestimatesthattherearcatleast12millionpotentialarchaeologicalsitesyettobe

discovered.Thatmeanstheskyisthelimitforherprojectnowthatithasgottenoffthegroundsuccessfully.

(1)What'sthepurposeofParcak'sproject?

A.TointerviewcitizensviatheInternet.B.Todigoutmoreremainsofancientcities.

C.Tobuilddatabasesforunknownculturalheritage.D.Toidentifyunknownancientsitesthroughjointefforts.

(2)WhatdoweknowabouttheparticipantsinPeruproject?

A.TheyareInternet-equippedvolunteers.B.Theyarewell-trainedvoluntaryscholars.

C.TheyaremostlyfansofarcheologyinPeru.D.Theyareallarchaeologistsallovertheworld.

(3)WhyisParcak'sprojectimportanttoIndia?

A.Indialacksthorougharchaeologicalwork.

B.Indianscallfortheprotectionoftheirrichcultures.

C.There'snoamazingarchaeologicaldiscoveryinIndia.

D.IndianeedsmorerelicslistedasWorldHeritageSites.

(4)Whatdocstheunderlinedsentence"Thepossibilitiesarchuge.*'inParagraph6mean?

A.Parcak'sprojectwillbecomesuccessful.B.Fewcountrieswillstartsatellitesurveys.

C.TherewillbeamazingdiscoveriesinIndia.D.Morearchaeologicalsiteswillbeidentified.

Passage8.(2020•拉萨二模)

Youarcwalkingoverthetan-colored(棕褐色的)sandoftheemptydesertwhenarattlesnakeappears

outofthesandinfrontofyou.Luckilyithadwarnedyouofitspresence.Imagineifthatsamesnakewere

movedtoagreenleafyrainforest.Thecolorsthathelpedthesnakeblendinto(融合)thedesertwouldmake

itstandoutagainstthegreenenvironment.

Thisjustgoestoshowyou(hatcamouflage(保护色)doesn'tworkeverywhere.Let'stakealookatone

animalspeciesthatisfamousforchangingovertimetostaycamouflaged：thepepperedmoth.Moth

collectorsinEnglandnotedthatmostpepperedmothscollectedintheearly1800swerelightgraypepperedwith

bitsofblack.Manyyearslatermostofthemothscollectedwerealmostcompletelyblack.Whatcouldhave

causedthemorecommonlightcoloredmothtobecomerare?

Duringthe1800s,EuropeandAmericaexperiencedtheIndustrialRevolution.Oneofthenewfuel

sourcesthatwereheavilyusedduringthistimeperiodwascoal.Asthetreesdarkenedwithsoot(煤烟)，the

light-coloredmothswereeasiertosee.Theywereeatenbybirdsmoreandmore,whiletheraredarkcolored

mothsblendedinbetteronthedarkertrees.Thismadethemhaveahighersunivalrateandthustheywere

morelikelytopasstheirdarkcoloredgenesoniotheirchildren.Overtime,thedarkcoloredmothsbecamethe

morecommonofthetwocolorforms.Naturalselectionfavoredthedarkmoths>sotheyweremoresuccessful

afterthetreeschanged.

Soundalittlehardtobelieve?Well,morechangeshavecomeaboutsincetheseconditionsstartedto

reverse(转变)，starlingin(he1950s.Then,aCleanAirActwasintroduced.Sincethattime,technology

andcleanerburningfuelshavestartedtodecreasepollutionintheareaswherethepepperedmothlives.The

blacksootnolongersettleson(hetrees.Asexpected,thelightpepperedmothhasrecentlybeenmore

commoninthepopulation.Thisisbecauseitisbettercamouflaged.

(1)Whatdowcknowabouttherattlesnakeinadesert?

A.Italmosthasnoenemies.B.Itattackstravelersoften.

C.Itstandsoutagainsttheenvironment.D.Itisgoodatmakingitspresenceunknovs,n.

(2)Theunderlinedword"This"inParagraph3refers"

A.thesoot-darkenedtreeB.theIndustrialRevolution

C.dark-coloredmothsstayingcamouflagedD.light-coloredmothsfacingmoreenemies

(3)WhatdidtheCleanAirActbringabout?

A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Moreobservationsofmoths.

C.Anincreaseinthevarietyofmothspecies.D.Adecreaseinthenumberofdark-coloredmoths.

(4)Whatis(hetextmainlyabout?

A.Camouflageintheanimalworld.B.Thebattlebetweentwomothspecies.

C.TheinfluenceoftheIndustrialRevolution.D.Anexcellentexampleofenvironmentaladaptation.

Passage9.(2020♦泰安模拟)

OnthelastMondayinMay,peopleintheUnitedStatescelebrateMemorialDay.Thisfederalholiday

honorsmembersoftheAmericanmilitarywhodiedatwar.Schoolsandgovernmentofficesclose.Most

peopleintheUShavethisdayofffromwork.PeoplecelebrateMemorialDaywithoutdoorparades.

MostAmericansconsideritthestartofsummerthoughtheseasonreallybeginsinJune.Withsomany

peopleoffwork,MemorialDayhasalsobecomeapopularshoppingday.However,onmostoccasions

MemorialDayisaseriousandevensorrowfulholiday.Thosewhohavelostfamilymembersatwarvisitburial

sitestodecoratethegraves.Theyplaceflowers,wreathsandUSflagsonthegraves.

MemorialDaycomesfromatraditionthatbeganaftertheUSCivilWarcalledDecorationDay.TheCivil

WarwasaverydarktimeintheUShistory.Historianshavelongthoughtthatabout620,000soldiersdiedin

thefighting.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthedeadnumberedabout750,000.

In1868,about5,000peoplegatheredatArlingtonNationalCemeteryontheedgeofWashington,

D.C.Theydecoratedmorethan10,000gravesofUnionandConfederatesoldiers.TheycalleditDecoration

Day.bone

Thetraditionspreadtootherareasofthecountry.In1873,NewYorkStatecalleditMemorialDayand

wasthefirsttomakeitalegal-holiday.OtherStatesallowed,butnotall.Sonicsouthernstateshad(and

-stillhave)separatecelebrationsthathonoronlydeadConfederatesoldiers.

AfterWorldWarIendedin1918,MemorialDaybecameadaytohonorallAmericansoldierskilledat

war.In1971,CongresspassedalawmakingitanofficialfederalholidayalloverAmerica.

(1)What'sthepurposeofMemorialDayinAmerica?

A.Tomarkthestartofsummer.B.Toletpeopleenjoythemselves.

C.TDshowrespecttodeadsoldiers.D.TDsetaholidaytoencouragesoldiers.

(2)What'stheatmosphereofAmericanMemorialDaylikeonmostoccasions?

A.Sad.B.Casual.C.Pleasant.D.Relaxing.

(3)WhendidMemorialCasual,becomealegalholidaythroughouttheUS?

A.In1971.B.In1873.C.In1918.D.In1868.

(4)Whatis(hebest(illeforthetext?

CelebrationActivitiesofMemorialDayintheUSB.TheProspectofAmericanMemorialDay

C.MembersHonoredonAmerican