北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版）

第1页/共1页北京市朝阳区2024~2025学年度第二学期期末质量检测高二英语试卷(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Outsideafewsnowflakes(雪花)felldownasthegreyafternoonskydarkened.AlthoughitwaslessthanoneweekbeforetheNewYear,Ifounditdifficulttobeina____1____mood.Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe____2____ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.Asawaveofhomesickness____3____myfamily,thedoorbellrang.Itwasdarkoutside,andweweren’t____4____anyone.Myfifteen-year-olddaughterRachelwenttoopenthedoor,andthensaid,“Mom,there’saboxonthedoorstep—withpresents...andnobodyisouthere!”Whocouldhaveleftit?Itwasindeeda(n)____5____.Theboxcontainedsomepackageswrappedinbrightpaper.Eachhadatypewrittenlabel:OpenDec.27th,OpenDec.28th,…Therewereatotalofsix.ItwasDecember27th,andthelabelforthatdaywas____6____toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfunwithyourfamily.Afterthat,wegatheredeachdayasafamilytoopenonemoregift.Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackagecontained,whichbecamea____7____forus.Asthedayspassed,wealso____8____butter,potatoes,sausages,peppersandberries.AlltogetherthepackagesmadeacompleteNewYeardinner.Butitturnedoutwedidn’tneedtouseourpackagesoffoodontheNewYear’sDaybecauseafamilyfromwork____9____invitedusoverfordinneronDecember31st.Wefeltsoblessed,andweresothankfultobeloved!Now,twodecadeslater,thattoughyearisadistantmemory.WeneverfindoutwhogaveustheNewYeargift.ButI’malways____10____forthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewedesperatelyneededtoknowwewerenotaloneafterall.1.A.joyful B.nervous C.depressed D.confident2.A.visited B.admired C.missed D.forgot3.A.cheeredup B.sweptover C.broughtback D.tookapart4.A.expecting B.detecting C.bothering D.informing5.A.accident B.mystery C.chance D.mistake6.A.delivered B.exposed C.related D.attached7.A.strategy B.problem C.trick D.game8.A.made B.examined C.discovered D.bought9.A.kindly B.calmly C.randomly D.hesitantly10.A.eager B.ready C.grateful D.responsible第二节选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意、从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。submitfrequentproposestrikereliableproceedtodisturbgetridofbededicatedtoinanattemptto11.Theteamhadto________thefalsedatatoensureaccurateresults.12.Beforethedeadline,studentsmust________theirfinalessaysonline.13.Theemployeesstayedupallnight________finishtheprojectontime.14.Theorganization________helpingtheelderlylivingalone,aspartofitslong-termmissionistoservethecommunity.第三节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。15.Alotmoreplasticwaste________(throw)intotheoceanlastyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)16.Luckily,theparents________(put)awayalltheclothesbeforeitrained.(所给词的适当形式填空)17.Shewantsajob__________hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.(用适当的词填空)18.Tomaccidentallyslippedonthewetfloor,________(injure)hisarmbadly.(所给词的适当形式填空)19.Thepoliticiansdeliveredseveralpowerful________(speech)attheconference.(所给词的适当形式填空)20.Thegovernment________(invest)2billionRMBinrenewableenergybynow.(所给词的适当形式填空)21.Themedicalstudentswereunsureabout________theyshoulddowiththeemergency.(用适当的词填空)22.Thelittlechildmadegreatefforts________(reach)fortheripepearhangingonthebranch.(所给词适当形式填空)23.Nowadays,theInternet,aswellasmodernsatellites,________(connect)remoteareasglobally.(所给词的适当形式填空)24.When________(question)aboutitsfactories’damagetotheenvironment,thecompanyinsistedthatithaddonenothingwrong.(所给词的适当形式填空)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorstheundergraduate(本科生)experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldofscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Weprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicandpersonaldevelopmentbothinsideandoutsideoftheclassroominordertopreparestudentsforthefuture.Liveandlearninacollegesettingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbestself.CourseHighlightsInourprogram,studentswill:•GainanunderstandingofthetheoryofresearchdesigninSTEM-relatedfields.•Participateinweeklywritingsessionsoncollegeapplicationpreparation.•Learnmoreaboutcooperativelearningthroughgroupdiscussions.•InteractwithprofessionalstoexploreSTEMmajors.•CompletetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelpstudentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,whotheywanttobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.ApplicationRequirementsTobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmust:•Bein11thgradeinhighschoolatthetimeofapplicationsubmission.•DemonstrateastronginterestinSTEMdisciplines.•Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesacommitmentincommunityengagement.Allqualifiedstudentsarewelcometoapply,andwestronglyencourageapplicationsfromstudentswhoareunderrepresentedinSTEMonthebasisof,butnotlimitedby:•BeingraisedinahomewhereEnglishwasasecondlanguage.•Currentlyattendingahighschoolwithhistoricallylowratesofadmittancetopremierinstitutions.•Identifyingasfirst-generationcollegestudentswhoseparent(s)didnotattendcollege.25.TheSAMSProgramhelpsstudents________.A.designSTEMcourses B.experiencecollegelifeC.adapttoclassroomlearning D.getalongwithundergraduates26.IntheSAMSProgram,studentswill________.A.formbetterself-awarenessB.conducttheirownresearchC.completetheircollegeapplicationD.assistexpertsingroupdiscussions27.WhichisarequirementfortheSAMSProgramapplicants?A.Graduatingfromatoplocalhighschool.B.Comingfromanon-nativeEnglishfamily.C.Havingpreviousinvolvementincommunitywork.D.Beingchildrenofparentswithoutcollegeeducation.BRunninghasalwaysbeenmywaytojustbreathe.ItusedtobethatwhenIran,mybodyspedforward,butmymindfoundararestillness,makingmefeelstrong,grounded,clear-headedandfree.ThatchangedduringthethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasdeeplyhurtbysomeoneItrusted—someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,IwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIoncewas.IfeltIneededtofindawaytodealwithitonmyown.Runninglateatnightsandinearlymorningsbecamemyshelterfromthatbadmemory.Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandtheburnofmylungs.Iranfasterandharder,thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.IpusheddistancesandlimitsIhadnevertriedbefore.Thatfall,Isignedupforafullmarathon.Irememberthemomentmyrightkneegaveout4monthsintomytraining.Asharppainhit.Icollapsedandcried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.Icouldnolongerputpressureonmyrightknee.Gradually,asIrecovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifeltashift,subtle(不易察觉)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelledbypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn’tdemandasmuchfromme.Asmall,barelyheardvoiceinsidemesaid,“Enough.”Inolongerneededtorunforthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolivewithit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingitconsumeordefineme.Iswitchedtorunningahalfmarathontoallowmybodytorecoverandbeganrunningalongsidefriendsandjoiningwomen’srunninggroups.WhenIcrossedthefinishline,itwasn’tareleasebutratherarecognitionofthestrengthIhadalwayscarried.Unstopping.Ifeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatIrunfor,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.28.Whatmadetheauthoravoidsocializing?A.Theneedforrunning. B.Thesearchforfreedom.C.Thepursuitofaclearmind. D.Theharmfromafriend.29.Whydidtheauthorrunfasterandharder?A.Toeasehersuffering. B.Totrainhermuscles.C.Tounlockherpotential. D.Tofightforamarathon.30.Asforrunning,howdidtheauthorfeelafterherknee’sinjury?A.Excited. B.Challenged. C.Relieved. D.Disappointed.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Loveisaverb.Actitout.B.Thinktwicebeforeyoumove.C.Youholdtheseedofyourrebirth.D.Successisbuiltonfocus,notfear.CANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedoverahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduringthe1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganizationbetweenour12thand25thyears.Thebraindoesn’tactuallygrowverymuchduringthisperiod.Ithasalreadyreached90percentofitsfullsizebythetimeapersonissix.Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,resemblinganetworkandwiringupgrade.BeatrizLuna,professorofUniversityofPittsburgh,usedneuroimagingtostudytheteenbrain.Lunascannedthebrainsofchildren,teens,andtwentysomethingswhiletheyperformedaspecifictask.Theyviewascreenonwhichtheredcrosshairsatthecenteroccasionallydisappearjustasalightflasheselsewhereonthescreen.Theinstructionsaretonotlookatthelightandinsteadtolookintheoppositedirection.Asensordetectsanyeyemovement.Ten-year-oldsfailabout45percentofthetime.Teensdomuchbetter.WhatLunafoundmostinteresting,however,wasnotthosescores.Itwasthebrainscansshetookwhilepeopletookthetest.Comparedwithadults,teenstendedtomakelessuseofbrainregionsthatspoterrors,plan,andstayfocused—areastheadultsseemedtobringonlineautomatically.Thislettheadultsuseavarietyofbrainresourcesandbetterresistdistractions,whiletheteensusedthoseareaslessoftenandmorereadilygaveintotheimpulsetolookattheflashinglight.Thishelpsexplainwhyteensbehavewithsuchannoyinginconsistency:attractingatbreakfast,disgustingatdinner;masterfulonMonday,sleepwalkingonSaturday.Meanwhile,takeinspirationinonelastdistinctionoftheteenbrain—afinalkeytobothitsawkwardnessanditsremarkableadaptability.Thisisthelastingplasticityofthoselate-developingfrontalareasastheyslowlymature.Andatfirstglancethisseemslikebadnews:Ifweneedtheseareasforthecomplextaskofenteringtheworld,whyaren’ttheyrunningatfullspeedwhenthechallengesaremostdiscouraging?Theansweristhatspeedcomesatthepriceofflexibility.AccordingtoDouglasFields,anNIHneuroscientist,“Thismeanstheperiodwhenabrainareaisgettingupgradedisasortofcrucialperiodoflearning—oncethat’sdoneit’shardertochange.”Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwehumansdon’twiseupabitearlierinlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we’dendupmorestupid.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resembling”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Buildingup. B.Lookinglike.C.Breakingdown. D.Connectingto.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Bepatientandteamscanstillbesmarter.B.Befocusedandwewillfacetheworldbetter.C.Brainshavethetendencytolevelupwhenneeded.D.Brains’processingspeediscompromisedastheymature.34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toanalysethecompositionofhumanbrains.B.Tofindreasonforteens’inconsistentbehaviours.C.Tomakeacontrastbetweenteenandadultbrains.D.Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopatareasonablepace.DAh,theworldOh,theworld—Moby-Dick.Thefirstscientificstudyofspermwhaleswaspublishedin1835byaScottishshipdoctornamedThomasBeale.Bealebelievedspermwhalestobesilent.HermanMelvillereliedheavilyonBealeincomposingMoly-Dick.“Thewhalehasnovoice,”Melvillewrote.“Butthenagain,”hewenton,“whathasthewhaletosay?SeldomhaveIspermwhaleknownanyprofoundbeingthathadanythingtosaytothisworld,unlessforcedtospeakoutsomethingbywayofgettingaliving.”Thequestionofwhetheranyspeciespossessesa“communicationsystem”comparabletothatofhumansisanopenandmuchdebatedone.Inthe1950s,thebehavioristB.F.Skinnerarguedthatchildrenlearnlanguagethroughpositivereinforcement;therefore,otheranimalsshouldbeabletodothesame.ThelinguistNoamChomskyhadadifferentview.Hedismissedthenotionthatkidsacquirelanguageviaconditioning,andalsothepossibilitythatlanguagewasavailabletootherspecies.MichaelBronstein,acomputerscientistfromtheRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudyinCambridge,decidedtodiscoverthemeaningofspermwhales’codas—quickburstsofclicksproducedbythewhales—whichtheyexchangewithoneanother.ThuswasborntheCetaceanTranslationInitiative—ProjectCETIforshort,whichrepresentsthemostambitious,themosttechnologicallyadvanced,andthemostwell-fundedeffortevermadetocommunicatewithanotherspecies.“OneimportantthingthatIthinkwillbeanoutcomeofthisprojecthastodowithhowweseelifeonlandandintheoceans,”Bronsteinsaid.“Ifweunderstand—orwehaveevidence,andveryclearevidenceintheformoflanguage-likecommunication—thatintelligentcreaturesarelivingthereandthatwearedestroyingthem,thatcouldchangethewaythatweapproachourEarth.Ifwecouldunderstandwhatthey’resaying,insteadof‘savethewhales’itwillbe‘savedbythewhales’.”AIsharesthishope.OratleasttheAI-poweredlanguagemodelissmartenoughtoexpressit.Notlongago,sufferingfromwriter’sblock,IaskedanAIchatbotifitcouldrewriteMoby-Dickfromthewhale’sperspective.TheAIchatbotwrote:Deepinthesea,Ilongedtocommunicatewiththecaptain,toshowhimthatmykind,too,hademotionsandfamiliestoprotect.Butthelanguagebarrierbetweenourworldsremainedagapthatcannotbebridged.Andthestoryendswithasomewhatdepressingbutnotunaffectedemotionalrequest:I,theWhiteWhale,couldonlywonderiftherewouldevercomeadaywhenmanandwhalewouldunderstandeachother,findingharmonyinthevastnessoftheocean’sembrace.35.WhydoestheauthorquoteHermanMelville?A.Torevealthepossibilityofwhales’talking.B.Topresentthepopularityofwhalesinliterature.C.Tohighlightthevalueofvoicesinmakingaliving.D.Toprovecommunicationsystemisuniquetohumans.36.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Livinginagreementwithnatureiswellunderway.B.TheauthormaybelieveSkinnermorethanChomsky.C.AIchatbotshaveabigadvantageoverhumansinwriting.D.CETIwassetuptoproveotherintelligentcreaturesexist.37.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Humanscancorrecttheirmistakewhentheyknowit.B.Humansaretoostubborntounderstandotherspecies.C.Tofigureoutwhetherotheranimalshavelanguagesisurgent.D.Weneedcrosslanguagebarrierstogetthroughtootherspecies.38.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.LookAhead:HowAreHumans’BehavioursAffectingtheNature?BTalktoThem:CanWeBeEquippedtoSpeaktoAnotherSpecies?C.ThinkAgain:WhatcontributionWillAIMaketoAnimals’Survival?D.ReflectonOurselves:AreOtherAnimalsSeenasinferiortoHumans?第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimesithelpstohavea“pokerface”,anexpressiononyourfacethatdoesnotshowwhatyouarethinkingorfeeling.____39____Ourresearchshowsthatmovingyourfaceinsomewaymayhelppeoplewarmtoyoumore.Tounderstandwhyfacialexpressivityissobeneficial,wefirstneedtoemphasisejusthowcrucialsocialbondingistohumansurvival.Throughoutmostofourevolutionaryhistory,ourspecieshasreliedontight-knitcommunitiestokeepourselvesfed,sheltered,andprotectedfromdangerousoutsiders.____40____Anyskillorbehaviourthatimprovedsomeone’sabilitytocreateandmaintainlifesavingbondswaslikelytoexistinourgenepooloverthegenerations.Andourresearchsuggeststhatfacialexpressivitymayfallinthiscategory.____41____Imaginemeetingsomeonenewandtryingtofigureouthowgoodafittheymightbeasafriend,oracolleague.Youmightwonderwhetheryoucantrustthem,andwhetheryoucanevenbegintounderstandeachother.Someonewhoiseasiertoreadmayseemtobemoreappealingthansomeonewhoismoreguarded.Simplyput,beingfaciallyexpressivemaygiveothersasensethattheyunderstandyou,whichtheylike.Thisinturnsupportsthesuggestionthatthekeyfunctionoffacialexpressivityistomakeusmorepredictable.Furthermore,wefoundthatparticipants’levelofexpressivitydidn’tchangeacrosssituationsorwithdifferentsocialpartners.Thisfindingmayleaveyouwonderingwhysomepeopleremaincomparativelyinexpressiveacrosssituations.____42____Andtherecouldbealternativeroutestobeinganattractivesocialpartner.Clearly,regardlessofhowexpressivewetendtobeoverall,wecanalsomakechoicesaboutsharingmoreofourselvesincertainsituations.Beingmoreopenandexpressivemaybescary—leavingpeopleeasytobehurt.____43____Sofornowwethinkit’sbesttoleaveyourpokerfaceatthecardtable.A.Howeverourworkshowsthatitcomeswithrewards.B.Managingsocialrelationshipswasamatteroflifeordeath.C.Interestingly,moreagreeablepeopleweremorefaciallyexpressive.D.Forsome,thecostsofrevealingoneselfmayoutweighthebenefits.E.Youmightguessthatpeoplewithcheerfulexpressionsarebestliked.F.Whywouldfacialexpressivityimprovesomeone’sabilitytobuildsocialbonds?G.Yet,inday-to-daylife,whensocializing,you’dbetterletyourfacialfeaturesflyfree.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第50、51题各2分、第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyyear,asbirdsmaketheirjourneyshundreds—sometimesthousands—ofmilesacrosswholecontinents,theyattracttheattentionofbird-watchers.Peoplegatheralongwetlandsandshorelines,coldhandsholdingtheirtelescopesandexcitementgrowingintheirstomachs.Foroutsidersofbird-watchingabird-watcherisusuallysomeonefromanoldergeneration,suchasanoldgrandmasittingatherfeederlookingatdifferentbirds.However,accordingtotheNationalSurveyofFishing,Hunting,andWildlife-Associatedrecreation,therewere4.7millionyoungbird-watchersin2016and10.8millionin2022.Whyexactlyhasthisrapidgrowthhappened?Technologymaybetherealgatewaythesedays.Familiesmightintroduceyoungpeopletobird-watching,butappsandsocialmedianetworksarehelpingthemkeepuptheircommitmenttothehobby.Onceinterested,teenagersfindthebenefitsofbird-watchingaretrulynoticeable:ithelpsthemgetaccesstothetraditionalrecreationandbroadenstheirunderstandingofecosystems.Teenagebird-watchersarefindingtheirowndigitalwayintoaverytraditionalandmeaningfulactivity.SadieCosby,a17-year-oldseniorinRichmond,recognizestheappealofonlinebird-watchingplatforms.She’sevenpartofaun