阅读理解细节理解题（练）-2023年高考英语一轮复习

第11讲阅读理解细节理解题（练）

A

SoraobservedinamazementasWeilunpickeduptwolargemetalcans.ShefollowedWeilunwithapail（桶）

ofclothes,watchinghimcarrythetwocanseffortlessly.TheywerelargeandwerecoveringWeilun'ssmallframe.

Sora'sfatherhadsenthertothevillagetolearnaboutrurallife.Sorahadneveroncedoneanyhousehold

choresbackhome.Shedidnotunderstandwhyherfatherwouldalwayschant“Whereisyourwillingnessto

learn?”wheneversheaskedhimifshecouldstayhomefortheholidays.Herfatherhadgivenherachecklistonthe

lifeskillsthatsheneededtolearn,oneofwhichwastowashclothes.Sherecalledwashingatableclothafteranart

lessoninschool.Thatwasapieceofcake,shethought.SoSorarefusedWeilun'soffertohelp.Weilunthenwentto

fillthelargecanswithwateratthefarendoftheriver.

Suddenly,abigbirddivedfromtheskywhenSoraplacedthelastpieceofclothingbackinthepail.Sora

releasedhergraspofthepailinshock.Thenshewasrelaxedtofinditwasaimingforawormnearher.Butthe

clothesweredriftingintheriver.WeilunimmediatelycametohelpandSorashiftedtheblametothebird.

Hepointedatthedetergentfoam（洗涤剂泡沫）onthesurfaceoftheriver."Don'ttellmeyourinsed（漂洗）

thedetergentfromtheclothesintheriver.Don'tyouknowthatitmaykilltherivercreatures?Youcausedthe

problem,notthebird!,,Soralookeddowninshame."Youthinkthatyouknoweverything,butyouactuallydon't."

SoraclosedhereyestoletWeilun?swordssinkinforamoment.Shefinallyunderstoodthemeaningbehind

herfather5schants.ShewalkedtowardsWeilunandwhispered,t4Couldyouteachmeallthelifeskillsthatmy

fatherhadplannedformetoleam?^^

1.WhywasSoraamazed?

A.Weilunwastoosmallinsizeforthetwolargecans.

B.Weilunwaswillingtohelphisparentsdosomechores.

C.Weilunmanagedtocarrythetwolargecanseasily.

D.Weilunwaswillingtoacpanyhertotheriverside.

2.WhydidSorarefuseWeilun'soffertohelpwashtheclothes?

A.Shethoughtitwasaneasytask.

B.Shehadlearnedhowtodoit.

C.Shewantedherfathertobeproudofher.

D.Shewantedtolearnnewthingsbyherself.

3.WhathappenedwhenSorafoundthebirdflewtowardsher?

A.Thebirdwasdivingforfood.

B.Thebirdwasattackingher.

C.Sorawasrinsingthedetergentinthepail.

D.Sorawasshockedtofindaworminthepail.

4.WhatdoyouthinkSora"'finallyunderstood^^?

A.Shewasn'tcapableoflivingonherown.

B.Shereallylackedthewillingnesstolearn.

C.Lifeskillscouldbelearnedinthecountry.

D.HerfatherwantedhertolearnfromWeilun.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Sora的父亲让她去农村了解乡村生活，Sora从未做过家务，她也不明白父

亲让她学什么。通过与Weilun的相处，她明白了自己缺乏独立生活的能力。

1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第三句"SoraobservedinamazementasWeilunpickeduptwo

largemetalcans.TheywerelargeandwerecoveringWeilun'ssmallframe.”（Sora’惊讶地看着Weilun拿起两个

大铁罐。它们很大，盖住了Weilun小小的身躯。）可知，Weilun的身体对这两个大铁罐来说太小了，所以

Sora很惊奇。故选A。

2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句"Thatwasapieceofcake,shethought.SoSora

refiisedWeilurfsoffertohelp."（那是小菜一碟，她想。所以Sora拒绝了Weilun的帮助。）可知，因为Sora

觉得这很简单，所以她拒绝了Weihm的帮助。故选A。

3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Suddenly,abigbirddivedfromtheskywhenSoraplacedthelast

pieceofclothingbackinthepail.”（当Sora把最后一件衣服放回桶里时，突然,一只大鸟从天上飞了下来。）

和第四段第二句"Don'ttellmeyourinsed（漂洗）thedetergentfromtheclothesintheriver.’'（另告诉我你在河里

把衣服上的洗涤剂洗掉了。）可知，当Sora发现一只鸟飞向她时，她正在漂洗桶里的洗涤剂。故选C。

4.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Couldyouteachmeallthelifeskillsthatmyfatherhadplanned

formetolearn?”（你能教我所有我父亲计划让我学习的生活技能吗？）可知，Sora终于明白了她无法独立生

活。故选A。

B

Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallorotherhealththreateningincidents

canchangeeverythingrapidly.

Thewearable"panicbuttons^^introducedinthelate1980swereagreatadvance.Buttheyonlyworkifpeople

actuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninanemergency.Todaytherearepassivewearablesthatautomatically

detectfalls,andcamerabasedsystemstomonitoreldersafety.

ingfroma40yearcareerinthesemiconductorandwirelessmunicationfield,RafiZackdecidedtofinda

betteralternative."Peoplearen'tdevotedtowearingsmalldevices24/7,andcamerabasedsystemsareaninvasion

（侵犯）ofprivacy,9,hepointsout,“Themostchallengingaspectisafall.Howfastwecandetectafallmatters

becausethemedicalsituationworsensquickly.Sometimespeoplestayonthefloorforalongtime.Wehavetofind

outhowtosolvethatproblem.^^

Zackisacofounder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO

（ElderlyCareHomeObserver）,acloudconnectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.

Becauseradarseesthroughwalls,oneECHOunitfixedontheceilingorwallcanmonitoroneperson（ortwo

persons,inafutureversion）inastandardsizedapartmentinaseniorlivingfacility.Thedevicedetectsfalls,

breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandotherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealth

worseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringandanalyzingtheperson'slocation,posture（姿势）,motionand

breath.EchoCaretestedthedeviceintheUnitedStates,Japan,AustraliaandIsrael.ECHOwascertified（认证）in

2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.

“Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidentshappenannually.9,saidSMK

DirectorandExecutiveVicePresidentTetsuoHara."'Bathroommakers,homesecurityserviceprovidersand

nursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare^solution.Zacknoted,“Asmoreandmoreelderpeoplelive

aloneasaresultofsocialdistancing,thereisanincreasedneedtomonitorthemwithouttheburdenofwearablesor

privacyinvadingcameras.9,

5.WhafstheadvantageofECHOover"panicbuttons”?

A.Ithascamerabasedsystems.B.Ithasbeenwidelyaccepted.

C.Itcanfunctionwithoutcameras.D.Itsbuttonscanbeeasilyreached.

6.WhatcanweknowaboutECHOfromparagraph5?

A.Itisdesignedtosendoutwarningsregularly.

B.Itmonitorsdangeroushealthrelatedevents.

C.Itwascertifiedinmanydevelopedcountries.

D.Itdetectsmorethanonepersonatthesametime.

7.WhatcanweinferaboutthefutureofECHO?

A.It511beemorepopularwiththeelderly.

B.It'llstop17,000deathshappeningannually.

C.If11beusedinnursinghomesandhospitals.

D.It'Uhelpelderlypeopletoliveanactivelife.

8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AnAdvancedMedicalInstrument

B.AHightechMonitorfortheElderly

C.TheInventionofaHealthcareDevice

D.TheImprovementofaMedicalFacility

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在家独立生活是每个老年人的理想选择。但是，跌倒或其他危

害健康的事件可能会迅速改变一切。EchoCareTechnologies该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），

这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。该设备可以检测到跌倒，呼吸困难，溺水淹没浴缸和

其他危险事件。

5.C［解析］细节理解题。根据第二段"Buttheyonlyworkifpeopleactuallywearthemandcanreachthebutton

inanemergency."（但是，只有在人们实际佩戴它们并且在紧急情况下可以到达按钮时，它们才起作用。）以

及第四段“Zackisacofbunder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdeveloped

ECHO（ElderlyCareHomeObserver）,acloudconnectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachine

learning.（Zack是EchoCareTechnologies的联合创始人，首席执行官兼研发副总裁，该公司开发了ECHO（老

人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。）可知，ECH是机遇雷达技术和

机器学习的云连接显示器。以及最后一段最后一句话“withouttheburdenofwearablesorprivacyinvading

cameras”可知，ECHO让老人不承受可穿戴设备或侵犯隐私的相机的负担。所以C项说法正确。故选C项。

6.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段"Thedevicedetectsfalls,breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtuband

otherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealthworseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoring

andanalyzingtheperson'slocation,posture（姿势），motionandbreath.”（该设备可以检测到跌侄i］,呼吸困难，

溺水淹没浴缸和其他危险事件。通过持续监视和分析人员的位置，姿势（姿势），运动和呼吸，它可以警

告潜在的健康状况恶化状况。）可知，该设备不仅仅发送警告信号，同时可以检测和分析一系列危险事件。

A项说法错误。以及“ECHOwascertified（认证）in2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationinthe

world.”（ECHO于2019年在日本获得了世界上人口老龄化最多的认证（认证）。）可知，只在日本获得了认

证。C项说法错误。D项文中未提及。故选B项。

7.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadly

accidentshappenannually.（浴室是主要的测试区域，每年约发生17,000起致命事故。）以及“Bathroommakers,

homesecurityserviceprovidersandnursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare5ssolution.”（浴室制造商，家

庭安全服务提供商和疗养院对EchoCare的解决方案非常感兴趣。）可知，每年在浴室会发生17000起致命的

事故是，不是死亡。B项说法错误。文中提到浴室制造商，家庭安全服务商以及疗养院会感兴趣。所以C

项说法错误。D项文中未提及。故选A项。

8.B［解析］主旨大意题。根据第一段“Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafall

orotherhealththreateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.%在家独立生活是每个老年人的理想选择。

但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能会迅速改变一切。）以及第四段“Zackisacofounder,CEOandvice

presidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO（ElderlyCareHomeObserver）,a

cloudconnectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning/Zack是EchoCareTechnologies的联合

创始人，首席执行官兼研发副总裁，该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技

术和机器学习的云连接显示器。）可知，本文主要介绍了ECHO,这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连

接显示器，旨在监测老人的安全。故选B项。

C

NearlyeveryoneknowseBayisawebsitewhereyoucanbuyandsellprettymuchanything.Thereareother

Internetauction（拍卖）sites,butnoneeclosetoeBayforbrandnamerecognition.Andforgoodreason:eBayisthe

largestEnglishlanguageonlineauctionsiteintheworld.BuyersetoeBayforthebestchanceoffindingthe

particularthingtheywant.Sellerseforthelargestpoolofbuyers,whichtheyhopemeansthebestchanceofselling

atthehighestpossibleprice.

BuyingthingsoneBayisprettysimple.Youcantypeatermintothesearchfield,orclickthroughthe

categorieslisttogettowhatyouwant.Insideanindividualitemlisting,you'llseethecurrentaskingprice,anda

littlebuttontoclickifyouwishtoplaceyourownbid.Enteraprice,occasionallyebacktoseeifsomeonehasbid

higherthanyouandwaitfortheendoftheauctionperiod.Ifyourbidisthehighest,youwin!Nowallyouhaveto

doisarrangepaymentandshippingmethodwiththeseller.eBayisonlyinthebusinessofputtingbuyersand

sellerstogetherforasmallfeefromtheseller.Itdoesn'thandletheactualpaymentorshippingofgoods.Inother

words,itisn'tabigdepartmentstore,orawarehouse.Ifstheownerofafleamarket,andyouhavetodoyourown

dealswiththeindividualsellersintheirvirtualstalls.

TobeaskillfuleBaybuyer,youshouldlearnwhentotrustsellersandhowaproxy（代理人）bidcansaveyou

fromgoingonlineeveryhalfhourtoupyourbid.ExperiencedeBayusersalsoknowhowtouseescrows（公正托管）

toguaranteegoods,andhowtoavoidsellingtrickssuchasfakebidsthatpushupprices.Themoreoftenyoubuy

oneBay,themoreyoulearn.

9.WhyiseBaythebestwebsiteforpeopletobuyandsellthings?

A.Becauseithasallbrandproducts.

B.BecausethetradelanguageisEnglish.

C.Becausesellersandbuyerscanclosetheirdeals.

D.Becausesellerscanfindaswimmingpoolthere.

10.Whatshouldyoudofirstifyouwanttobuysomethingatthesite?

A.Findthecurrentaskingprice.

B.Clickabuttontoplaceyourownbid.

C.Enterapricewhichishigherthanothers.

D.Findwhatyouwantinthecategorieslist.

11.Whatshouldthebuyerdoifhe/shewinsthebid?

A.GetgoodsfromeBay.

B.Determinepaymentandshipment.

C.Sendsomebodyforthegoods.

D.Talkaboutthepriceofthegoods.

12.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.HowtobeaskillfulbuyerateBay.

B.Howtomakesureofqualifiedgoods.

C.Howtoavoidbeingcheatedbyothers.

D.Howtospareyoufromgoingonlinefrequently.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一个可让全球网民上网买卖物品的线上拍卖及购物网站eBay,以

及如何进行买卖的技巧等。

9.C［解析］细节理解题。根据第一段"NearlyeveryoneknowseBayisawebsitewhereyoucanbuyandsell

prettymuchanything.^^（几乎所有人都知道eBay是个网站，你可以买卖任何东西。）及“BuyersetoeBayfor

thebestchanceoffindingtheparticularthingtheywant.Sellerseforthelargestpoolofbuyers,

whichtheyhopemeansthebestchanceofsellingatthehighestpossibleprice.”（买家来eBay是为了找至!J他们想

要的东西。卖家的目标是最大的买家群体，他们希望这意味着最有可能以最高价格卖出的机会。）可知，

eBay是人们买卖物品的最佳网站是因为在eBay,买卖双方都能成交，选项C与文意相符，故选C。

10.D【解析】细节理角军题。根据第二段“BuyingthingsoneBayisprettysimple.Youcantypeatermintothesearch

field,orclickthroughthecategorieslisttogettowhatyouwant.eBay上买东西很简单。您可以在搜索字

段中键入术语，或者通过单击类别列表来获得所需的内容。）可知，如果你要在网站买东西，你需要在分

类列表中找到你想要的或在搜索栏键入你需要的东西。选项D与文意相符，故选D。

11.B［解析］细节理解题o根据第二段“Ifyourbidisthehighest,youwin!Nowallyouhavetodoisarrange

paymentandshippingmethodwiththeseller.”（如果你的出价最高，你就赢了！现在你所要做的就是与卖方安

排付款和装运方式。）可知，在你获胜之后，你需要的是安排支付和装运的方式。选项B与文意相符，故

选B。

12.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句"TobeaskillfuleBaybuyer,youshouldlearnwhentotrust

sellersandhowaproxy（代理人）bidcansaveyoufromgoingonlineeveryhalfhourtoupyourbid.”（要成为一个

熟练的eBay买家，你应该学会什么时候信任卖家，以及代理出价如何能让你省去每半小时上网一次的麻

烦。）可知，本段主要谈论如何成为一个熟练的买主，选项A与文意相符，故选A。

D

TheuseofAI（artificialintelligence）isbeingmoremoninmanybranchesofindustryandonlineshopping.

Traditionallinesofwork,suchasgoodstransportanddriving,aredevelopinginasimilardirectionalthoughmainly

outofpublicview.ScientistsattheUniversityofGottingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient（高效的）theuse

ofAIcanbeinthemercialmanagementoftrucks.

“Digitalapplications-aswellasmachineleaning,akindofAI-areincreasinglyappliedtooperationsand

coursesinthetransportarea,^^explainsProfessorMatthiasKlumppfromtheFacultyofEconomics.t4Thequestion

inthemercialarea,however,iswhetherornotthiscontributestoachievinggoals.”

Toanswerthisquestion,theresearchersparedtheworkefficiencyoftruckdriverswiththeirmainuseofAI

applications.Lookingattradedeliverybytruck,theystudiedthreegroups:thefirstdrovepletelyfollowinghuman

decisionmakingmodels;thesecondusedabinationofhumanandmachine;andthethirddependedpletelyonfully

automateddecisions.

TheresearchersfoundthatanintelligentbinationofhumanworkanddecisionmakingabilitieswithAI

applicationspromisesthehighesttransportanddrivingefficiency.t6Onaverage,thesecondgroupachievedthemost

efficienttransporttrips,withthefewestinterventions（干预）andoffcoursefromthebestpath."oneresearchersaid,

“Clearly,neitherapletelyhumandecisionmakingstructurenorafullyautomateddrivingsystemcanpromiseto

meetcurrentgoodstransportrequirements.ThescientiststhereforesummarizedthatdespitetheprogressofAIin

thefieldoftransportationbytruck,humanexperienceanddecisionmakingabilitieswillstillbenecessaryinthe

longerterm.However,thechallengeisthatawiderangeoftrainingandqualification（资格）needswillealongby

workingwithAlapplications,especiallyforsimplegoodstransportactivities.

13.WhatdoesMatthiasKlumppfocuson?

A.TheefficiencyofAL

B.TheadvantagesofAL

C.TheproblemscausedbyAL

D.ThewideapplicationsofAL

14.Howdidtheresearchersgetthefinding?

A.Byprovidingexamples.

B.Bymakingparisons.

C.Byusingdifferenttrucks.

D.Bylistingthreeexperiments.

15.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Alisbetteratmakingdecisions.

B.AbalanceisneededbetweenhumanandAL

C.HumanwillsoonbereplacedbyAIindriving.

D.Alapplicationsmeetthecurrentrequirements.

16.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thefutureoftransport.

B.Artificialintelligenceasacodriver.

C.Artificialintelligenceabetterchoiceindriving.

D.Thestrengthsofartificialintelligenceintransport.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在许多行业和网上购物中变得越来越普遍。科学家正

在研究在卡车的商业管理中，人工智能的使用效率有多高，并通过实验得出结论——人与人工智能并存效

率最高。

13.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句"ScientistsattheUniversityofGottingenhavenow

investigatedhowefficient（高效的）theuseofAIcanbeinthemercialmanagementoftrucks.（哥廷根大学的科

学家已经开始调查在卡车的商业管理中，人工智能的使用效率有多高）和第二段最后一句"Thequestioninthe

mercialarea,however,iswhetherornotthiscontributestoachievinggoals."（然而，在商业领域中的问题是这是

不是有助于实现目标）以及第三段第一句"Toanswerthisquestion,theresearchersparedtheworkefficiencyof

truckdriverswiththeirmainuseofAIapplications.（为了回答这个问题，研究人员将卡车司机的工作效率与

人工智能的主要应用进行了比较）可知，MatthiasKlumpp教授主要关注的是人工智能的效率。故选A。

14.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段"Lookingattradedeliverybytruck,theystudiedthreegroups:thefirst

drovepletelyfollowinghumandecisionmakingmodels;thesecondusedabinationofhumanandmachine;andthe

thirddependedpletelyonfullyautomateddecisions.9,（观察用卡车运送货物，他们研究了三组：第一组完全按

照人类的决定的模式来运送，第二组用人类和机器的组合模式，第三组完全自动化的模式）可知，研究人

员通过分三组实验来研究。故选D。

15.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后——段“Theresearchersfoundthatanintelligentbinationofhumanworkand

decisionmakingabilitieswithAIapplicationspromisesthehighesttransportanddrivingefficiency”（研究人员发现

人类工作和决策能力与人工智能应用的智能结合有着最高的运输和驾驶效率）可知，人与人工智能并存效

率最高，所以需要人类和人工智能之间的平衡。故选B。

16.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“TheuseofAI（artificialintelligence）isbeingmoremoninmany

branchesofindustryandonlineshopping.”（人工智能在许多行业和网上购物中变得越来越普遍）最后一句

""ScientistsattheUniversityofGottingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient（高效的）theuseofAIcanbeinthe

mercialmanagementoftrucks.”（哥廷根大学的科学家已经开始调查在卡车的商业管理中，人工智能的使用效

率有多高）引出要谈论的话题，以及之后引出的实验——对比人和人工智能当司机的效率，最好一段得出

结论，人与人工智能并存效率最高，可知，文章最好的标题“人工智能作为共同的司机“，凸显文章主旨。故

选B。

E

Justasahungrybraincraves（渴望）food,alonelybraincravespeople.Anewbrainstudydemonstratesthis.

Afterbeingleftalone,itshowspeople'sbrainswouldbeactivatedatthesightofotherpeople.Theactionwasinthe

samebrainregionthatspeedsupwhenahungrypersonseesfood.

LiviaTomova,aneuroscientist,whostudieshowthebrainproducesmentalactivities,andhercolleagues

beganthisstudy.Theyrecruited（招募）40people.Ononeday,theparticipantshadtofast-noteatanythingat

all——for10hours.Onanotherday,thesamepeoplewereplacedinaroomfor10hours.Theycouldn'tseeanyone.

Nofriends,nofamilyandnosocialmedia.Theyweren'tevenallowedtochecktheiremail.Afterbothdays,

TomovaandhercolleaguesputthepeopleinaMRImachine.Itshowsactivityinthebrainbytrackinghowmuch

bloodisflowingtoeachregion.

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientists

wereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincraving

andrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.

Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.

Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.

Themidbrainplaysanimportantpartinpeople'smotivationtoseekfoodorfriends.Infact,itrespondstofood

andsocialsignalsevenwhenpeoplearen'thungryorlonely.Buthungerandlonelinessincreasedthereactionsand

madepeople'sresponsesspecifictothethingtheyweremissing.Andthemorehungerorisolationthevolunteers

saidtheywereexperiencing,thestrongertheactivityinthispartofthebrain.Tomovaandhercolleaguespublished

theirresultsNovember23inNatureNeuroscience.

17.HowdoesTomovatestouttheresultofthestudy?

A.Bystimulatingdesire.B.Bycontrollingbloodflow.

C.Bymonitoringbrainactivity.D.Byexaminingmentalactivities.

18.Whatdoweknowaboutmidbrain?

A.Itconsistsoftwoareas.B.Ithelpsmotivatedesireforfood.

C.Itstopsworkingwhenpeoplearefull.D.Itdecreasesresponsestolostfriends.

19.Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.D.Ahamburger.

20.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Dopamine-aSureSignofAgeB.Midbrain-aNestfortheThoughts

C.HungerMakesMentalHealthStruggleD.LonelinessMakesOurBrainsNeedPeople

【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了Tomova和她的同事通过研究，发现“饥饿的大脑渴望食物和孤独的大

脑渴望与人的交往”这一行为背后的大脑机制。

17.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Afterbothdays,TomovaandhercolleaguesputthepeopleinaMRI

machine.Itshowsactivityinthebrainbytrackinghowmuchbloodisflowingtoeachregion.（两天之后，Tomova

和她的同事们对这些人进行了核磁共振检查。它通过追踪流向每个区域的血液量来显示大脑的活动）”可知，

Tomova用核磁共振监测大脑活动的方式来进行研究。故选C项。

18.B【解析】细节理解题。根据四第自然段“Themidbrainplaysanimportantpartinpeople'smotivationtoseek

foodorfriends.（中脑在人们寻求食物或朋友的动机中扮演着重要的角色）”可知，中脑与人寻找食物的动机有

关。故选B项。

19.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecame

activewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.（在志愿者被

隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天）”

可知，代词1L指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的socialactivities之一。故选B项。

20.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一自然段段首句“Justasahungrybraincraves(渴望)food,alonelybrain

cravespeople.(就像饥饿的大脑渴望食物一样，孤独的大脑渴望人)”和下文的实验介绍与理论分析可知，本

文主要讲，饥饿让大脑渴望食物，孤独让大脑渴望与人的交往这一人类行为和其背后的大脑机制。故选D

项。

F

BlackValley,63kilometersfromdowntownChongqing,isoneofthebestpreservednaturalwondersaround

themunicipality.Thenational5Alevelscenicspotisapopularsummerresortforsightseeing,forestadventures,

outdoorcamping,huntingandangling.

LocatedinHeishantown,WanshengEconomicDevelopmentZone,thescenicspotspansover103square

kilometers,97percentofwhicharecoveredbyprimitiveforests.Withover110,000negativeoxygenionsineach

cubiccentimeterofair,itisdubbedasanaturaloxygenbarand“themostbeautifulhealthcarethemedvalley.

BlackValleyisalsoknownas“thenaturalgenebankofChongqingandGuizhouregions^^fbrthediversityof

itsrareplantsandwildlife,includingCathayaargyrophylla,Davidiainvolucrata,Trachypithecusfrancoisiand

cloudedleopards.

Scenicspotlevel:AAAAA

Address:Heishantown,WanshengEconomicDevelopmentZone,63kilometersfromdowntownChongqing

Openinghours:8:30am3:30pm(peakseasonfromNovembertoFebruary),9:00am3:00pm(offseasonfrom

MarchtoOctober)

Idealsightseeingseason:fromMaytoSeptember

Ticketprice:60yuan($8.72)duringoffseasonand100yuanduringpeakseason,sightseeingbusandcable

notincluded.

Notes:

1.Itisremendedthattouristsstartfromthehighersouthernareaforadownwardjourney.

2.Theaveragetemperatureis18.1degrees.

3.IfsagoodideatoexperiencethelocalfolkcultureoftheMiaoethnicgroup,especiallywhenyouchooseto

visitinMaywhenthetraditionalCaishanFestivalofMiaoethnicgroupiscelebrated.

21.WhatcanweknowaboutBlackValley?

A.ItliesindowntownChongqing.

B.Plantsandwildlifearerarelyseenthere.

C.Avisittherecostsatmost100yuan.

D.Theairisveryhighinnegativeoxygenionsthere.

22.AbesttimeforavisitorandloverofthefolkculturetoBlackValleyisin

A.January.B.March.C.May.D.July.

23.Whichsectionisthetexttakenfrominanewspaper?

A.Culture.B.Travel.C.Nature.D.Wildlife.

【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍重庆万盛黑山谷景区，它是AAAAA级景区，位于万盛经济开发

区的黑山镇，占地超过103平方千米，97%是原始森林，被称为天然氧吧。黑山谷景区全年开放，最佳旅游

时间是五月，苗族人民在这个时候举行盛大的踩山会庆祝活动。

21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句"Withover110,000negativeoxygenionsineachcubic

centimeterofair,itisdubbedasanaturaloxygenbarand“themostbeautifulhealthcarethemedvalley.^^（空气中的

负氧离子超过11万个每立方厘米，它被称为天然氧吧和“最美丽的医疗主题山谷”）可知，黑山谷的负氧离

子含量很高。故选D项。

22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句"It'sagoodideatoexperiencethelocalfdlkcultureoftheMiao

ethnicgroup,especiallywhenyouchoosetovisitinMaywhenthetraditionalCaishanFestivalofMiaoethnic

groupiscelebrated."（体验当地苗族民俗文化是一个不错的主意，特别是当你选择在5月的传统苗族踩山会

的时候去参观。）可知，前往黑山谷的最佳旅游时间是五月。故选C项。

23.B［解析］文章出处题。根据文章第一段“BlackValley,63kilometersfromdowntownChongqing,isoneof

thebestpreservednaturalwondersaroundthemunicipality.”（黑山谷距离重庆市中心63公里，是重庆市周围保

存最完好的自然奇观之一。）以及景点评级“Scenicspotlevel:AAAAA"（5A级景区），还有文章中关于黑

山谷景区的票务信息、开放时间以及注意事项可知，文章是旅游相关的主题。故选B项。

G

THEBESTBOOKSOF2020

Inoureffortstoincreaseandspreadknowledge,wehighlyremendthesetitlesissuedthisyear.

YouNeverForgetYourFirst:ABiographyofGeorgeWashington

Treatingthefirstpresidenfsmasculinity（冈U毅）asa"previousconclusion^^,historianAlexisCoeexplores

lesserknownaspectsofWashington5slife,fromhisinterestinanimalhusbandry（畜牧业）tohisroleasafather

figure.

AllWeCanSave:Truth,Courage,andSolutionsfortheClimateCrisis

Johnson,amarinebiologistandthefounderofOceanCollective,andWilkinson,theeditorinchiefofProject

Drawdowneditedappealingpiecesonclimatechangecraftedby60women.Thecollection,AllWeCanSave,

showcasesadiverserangeofexperts,allworkingtotackleclimateissuesinpowerfulways.

FeastingWild:InSearchoftheLastUntamedFood

GinaRaeLaCervatravelstheglobeinsearchofsomeoftheplanefslasttrulywildfoods.Herjourneytakes

hert