【EFPIA】2025年：制药行业的数字-The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures

efpfa

EuropeanFederationofpharmaceutical

IndustriesandAssociations

ThePharmaceuticalIndustryinFigures

KeyData2025

www.efpia.eu

EFPIAKeyData|2025

THEPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRY:

AKEYASSETTOSCIENTIFICANDMEDICALPROGRESS

Thankstoadvancesinscienceandtechnology,theresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustryisgoingthroughanexcitingerainmedicinesdevelopment.Researchmethodsareevolvingandwehavemanypromisingprospectsonthehorizon,withground-breakingcellandgenetherapiesbeingincreasinglyavailable*.Theinnovativepharmaceuticalindustryisdrivenby,anddrives,medicalprogress.Itaimstoturnfundamentalresearchintoinnovativetreatmentsthatarewidelyavailableandaccessibletopatients.

Already,theindustryhascontributedtosignificantimprovementsinpatientwell-being.Today’sEuropeancitizenscanexpecttoliveupto30yearslongerthantheydidacenturyago.Somemajorstepsinbiopharmaceuticalresearch,complementedbymanysmallersteps,haveallowedforreductionsinmortality,forinstancefromHIV/AIDS-relatedcausesandseveralcancers.Highbloodpressureandcardiovasculardiseasescanbecontrolledwithantihypertensiveandcholesterol-loweringmedicines;kneeorhipreplacementspreventpatientsfromimmobility;andsomecancerscanbecontrolled–orevencured–withthehelpofnew

targetedtreatments.Europeancitizenscanexpectnotonlytolivelonger,buttolivebetterqualitylives.Yetmajorhurdlesremain,includingAlzheimer’s,MultipleSclerosis,manycancers,andrarediseases.

TOTALNUMBEROFDEATHSAMONGAIDSCASESINEUROPE(TOTALEU/EEA)

2000

1500

1000

500

0

1792

1543

1538

1219

1172

1026

874

890

770

663

2014201520162017201820192020202120222023

Source:HIV/

AIDSsurveillance

inEurope2024

(2023data),WHOEuropeanRegion&EuropeanCentreforDiseasePreventionandControl(ECDC),28November2024

*

https://www.efpia.eu/media/hibdosn5/2024-pipeline-review.pdf

2·

THEPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRY:

AKEYASSETTOTHEEUROPEANECONOMY

Aswellasdrivingmedicalprogressbyresearching,developingandbringingnewmedicinesthatimprovehealthandqualityoflifeforpatientsaroundthe

world,theresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustryisakeyassetoftheEuropeaneconomy.ItisoneofEurope’stopperforminghigh-technologysectors.

INDUSTRY(EFPIAtotal)20002010202020232024

Production

127,504

197,359

276,357

204,824

71,533

27,920

699,059

116,360

153,685

129,706

322,554

509,828

347,124

162,704

38,736

850,928

121,717

215,902

143,762

405,701

440,000(e)

Exports(1)(2)

90,935

661,559

705,000(e)

Imports

68,841

468,032

485,000(e)

Tradebalance

22,094

193,527

220,000(e)

R&Dexpenditure

17,849

52,373

55,000(e)

Employment(units)

556,506

940,555

950,000(e)

R&Demployment(units)

88,397

123,535

130,000(e)

Totalpharmaceuticalmarketvalueatex-factoryprices

89,449

274,545

295,000(e)

Paymentforpharmaceuticalsbystatutoryhealthinsurancesystems(ambulatorycareonly)

76,909

172,689

185,000(e)

Valuesin€millionunlessotherwisestated

(1)DatarelatetoEU-27,Norway,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdomsince2005(EU-15before2005);CroatiaandSerbiaincludedsince2010;Turkeyincludedsince2011

(2)DatarelatingtototalexportsandtotalimportsincludeEU-27intra-trade(doublecountinginsomecases)Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(officialfigures)-(e):EFPIAestimate;Eurostat(EU-27tradedata2000-2024)

·3

y

EFPIAKeyData|2025

MAINTRENDS

Theresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustrycanplayacriticalroleinrestoringEuropetogrowthandensuringfuturecompetitivenessinanadvancingglobaleconomy.In2024itinvestedanestimated€55,000millioninR&DinEurope.Itdirectlyemployssome950,000peopleandgeneratesaboutthreetimesmoreemploymentindirectly–upstreamanddownstream–thanitdoesdirectly(PwC,EconomicandsocietalfootprintofthepharmaceuticalindustryinEurope,November2024).However,thesectorfacesrealchallenges.BesidestheadditionalregulatoryhurdlesandescalatingR&Dcosts,thesectorcontinuestobehitbytheimpactoffiscalausteritymeasuresintroducedbygovernmentsacrossmuchofEuropesince2010.

ThereisrapidgrowthinthemarketandresearchenvironmentinemergingeconomiessuchasBrazil,ChinaandIndia,leadingtoagradualmigrationofeconomicandresearchactivitiesfromEuropetothesefast-growingmarkets.Duringtheperiod2019-2024theBrazilian,

ChineseandIndianmarketsgrewby14.3%,2.2%and9.5%respectivelycomparedtoanaveragemarketgrowthof7.9%forthetop5EuropeanUnionmarketsand9.8%fortheUSmarket(source:IQVIAMIDAS,May2025).

In2024NorthAmericaaccountedfor54.8%ofestimatedworldpharmaceuticalsalescomparedwith22.7%forEurope.AccordingtoIQVIA(MI-DASMay2025),66.9%ofsalesofnewmedicineslaunchedduringtheperiod2019-2023wereontheUSmarket,comparedwith15.8%ontheEu-ropeanmarket(top5markets).

ThefragmentationoftheEUpharmaceuticalmarkethasresultedinalucrativeparalleltrade.ThisbenefitsneithersocialsecuritynorpatientsbutdeprivestheindustryofadditionalresourcestofundR&Dandleadstosupplydisruptionsonseveralsmallermarkets.Paralleltradewasestimatedtoamountto€6,497million(valueatex-factoryprices)in2023.

GEOGRAPHICALBREAKDOWN(BYMAINMARKETS)OFSALESOFNEWMEDICINESLAUNCHEDDURINGTHEPERIOD2019-2023

15.8%

Europe

(Top5)

66.9%

USA

4.4%

y

10.7%

Restof

theWorld

2.2%

Note:

Newmedicinescoverallnew

activeingredientsmarketed

forthefirsttimeontheworld

marketduringtheperiod2019-2023(withlatestsalesin2024atex-factoryprices)

Europe(Top5)comprisesFrance,Germany,Italy,SpainandUnitedKingdom

Pharmergingcomprises22

countriesrankedbyIQVIAas

high-growthpharmaceuticalmarkets(Algeria,Argentina,

Bangladesh,Brazil,Chile,

China,Colombia,Egypt,India,Indonesia,Kazakhstan,Mexico,Nigeria,Pakistan,Philippines,Poland,Russia,SaudiArabia,

SouthAfrica,Thailand,TurkeyandVietnam)

Source:IQVIA(MIDASMay2025)

4·

PHARMACEUTICALR&DEXPENDITUREINEUROPE,USA,JAPANANDCHINA(MILLIONSOFNATIONALCURRENCYUNITS*),1990-2023

110,000

100,000

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0,000

109,632

72,412

78,460

71,374

7,766

6,803

5,161

1990

17,849

21,364

7,462

2000

1,925**

27,920

40,688

12,760

2010

38,736

52,373

12,263

13,216

15,386

2020

2023

*Note:Europe:€million;USA:$million;Japan:¥millionx100;China:Yuanmillion(**2001year)Source:EFPIAmemberassociations,PhRMA,JPMA,ChinaStatisticalYearbook

EuropeUSAJapanChina

SHAREOFPARALLELIMPORTSINPHARMACYMARKETSALES(%)-2023

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

26.7

7.88.06.0

7.0

5.65.6

3.1

2.11.3

AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFinlandGermanyIrelandNetherlandsPolandSwedenU.K.

Note:U.K.:in%ofpharmacymarketsalesatreimbursementprices

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(estimate)

·5

EFPIAKeyData|2025

PHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINEUROPE

Allnewmedicinesintroducedintothemarketaretheresultoflengthy,costlyandriskyresearchanddevelopment(R&D)conductedbypharmaceuticalcompanies:

Bythetimeamedicinalproductreachesthemarket,anaverageof12-13yearswillhaveelapsedsincethefirstsynthesisofthenewactivesubstance;

Thecostofresearchinganddevelopinganewchemicalorbiologicalentityisestimatedat€3,130million($3,296millioninyear2022

dollars)in2022applyingthemethodologyusedbyJosephA.DiMasiinhis1991,2003and2016TuftCenterfortheStudyofDrugDevelopmentstudies(Wild,C.andFabian,D.(2024),AIHTA,TheRoleofPublicContributionstotheDevelopmentofHealthInnovations,HTA-Projektbericht158);

Onaverage,onlyonetotwoofevery10,000substancessynthesisedinlaboratorieswillsuccessfullypassallstagesofdevelopmentrequiredtobecomeamarketablemedicine.

PHASESOFTHERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTPROCESS

Pre–clinical

Pharmacologydevelopment

Patentapplication

Acutetoxicity

Clinicaltrials

Screening(10,000molecules)

Chronictoxicity

PhaseI

PhaseII

PhaseIII

Registration/Marketingauthorisation

Price

Reimbursement

Pharmacovigilance

1medicinalproduct

25years

SPC(supplementaryprotectioncertificate)max.+5years

05years10years15years20years

patentexpiry

10yearsofR&D2to3yearsof

administrativeprocedures

6·

PHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINEUROPE

EFPIA2023

€million

€million

Latvia

n.a

Lithuania

n.a

Malta

n.a

Netherlands

900

Norway

126

Poland

1,520

Portugal

111

Romania

110

Slovakia

35

Slovenia

301

Spain

1,438

Sweden

1,184

Switzerland

9,158

Turkey

71

U.K.

10,180

Italy2,000

TOTAL52,373

Bulgaria

101

Croatia

40

Cyprus

85

CzechRep.

337

Denmark

1,771

Estonia

n.a

Finland

232

France

5,900

Germany

9,929

Greece

161

Hungary

298

Iceland

n.a

Austria426.

Belgium5,654

Ireland305.

Note:

ThefiguresrelatetotheR&Dcarriedoutineachcountry.

Poland,Slovenia,U.K.:2022data;Austria,Netherlands:2021data;Hungary,Slovakia,Turkey:2020data;Norway:2015data;

Cyprus,Ireland:2013data;Croatia:2011data

Belgium,Croatia,Denmark,France,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,Norway(LMImembers),Romania,Slovenia,Sweden,Switzerland(Interpharmamembers),Turkey:estimate

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(officialfigures)

·7

EFPIAKeyData|2025

ALLOCATIONOFR&DINVESTMENTSBYFUNCTION(%)

15.8

43.8

2.2

8.0

30.1

Pre-human/Pre-clinical

ClinicalTrials

Approval

Pharmacovigilance(PhaseIV)

Uncategorized

PhaseIPhaseII

7.5

9.5

ClinicalTrials

PhaseIII

26.8

Source:PhRMA,AnnualMembership

Survey2024(percentagescalculatedfrom2023data;totalvaluesmaybeaffectedbyrounding)

2020-2024INDETAIL

39

45

40

35

30

25

20

NUMBEROFNEWCHEMICALANDBIOLOGICALENTITIES

35

(2005-2024)

28

25

25

28

24

18

19

18

17

18

Japan

Europe

USA

16

15

15

17

10

10

15

10

5

0

8

7

6

5

55

5

China

Others

20202021202220232024

160

151

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

120

83

8994

66

73

52

58

41

46

36

38

2930

1711

0

2005-20092010-20142015-20192020-2024

Source:CITELINE2025&SCRIP–EFPIAcalculations(accordingtonationalityofmothercompany)

Note:Upto2017Chinaisincludedunder‘Others’

8·

3400

3200

IMPORTANCEOF

3000

PHARMACEUTICALR&D

2800

2600

2400

2200

2000

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

In2023thepharmaceuticalindustryinvestedabout€52,400millioninR&DinEurope.AdecadeofstrongUSmarketdominanceledtoasignificantshiftofeconomicandresearchactivitytowardstheUSduringtheperiods1995-2005and2015-2020,atrendthathasbeensomewhatslowingdownfollowingtheCOVIDpandemic.Additionally,Europeisnowfacingincreasingcompetitionfromemergingeconomies:rapidgrowthinthemarketandresearchenvironmentsincountriessuchasChinaarecontributingtothemoveofeconomicandresearchactivitiestonon-Europeanmarkets.In2024ChinaoutpacedbothUSandEuropeasoriginatorsofnewactivesubstanceslaunchedforthefirsttimeontheworldmarket.In2024,outofatotalof81newmolecules,28originatedfromChinese(includingHongKong)headquarteredcompanieswhilst25and18originatedfromUSandEuropeanheadquarteredcompaniesrespectively.Afterhavinglostitscrownasthetopinnovationregionintheworldin2000,Europeisnowonthethirdplaceonthepodiumasoriginatorofnewmolecules.

600

ESTIMATEDFULLCOSTOFBRINGINGANEW

400

CHEMICALORBIOLOGICALENTITYTOMARKET($MILLION-YEAR2022$)

200

0

Source:Wild,C.andFabian,D.(2024),AIHTA,TheRoleofPublicContributionstotheDevelopmentofHealthInnovations,HTA-Projektbericht158

594.1

1991

1368.0

2003

3295.9

2016

40

30

20

10

0

PHARMACEUTICALR&DEXPENDITUREANNUALGROWTHRATE(%)

32.9

9.79.4

16.2

2.53.2

3.9

8.3

3.0

2010-20142015-20192020-2024

Note:USA,China:datarelatingtoperiod2020-2023

Source:EFPIA,PhRMA,ChinaStatisticalYearbook2002-2024

EuropeUSA

China

·9

EFPIAKeyData|2025

RANKINGOFINDUSTRIALSECTORSBYOVERALLSECTORR&DINTENSITY(R&DASPERCENTAGEOFNETSALES-2023)

135%

109%

HealthIndustries

82%

ICTsoftware

ICThardware

51%

Total

Automotive

Aerospace

&defence

Financial

Others

Industrials

Construction

&materials

Chemicals

Energy

48%41%33%

30%

25%

24%

24%

0.6%

Note:

Datarelatetothetop2,000companieswithregisteredofficesintheEU-27(322),Japan(185),theUS(681),China(524)andtheRestoftheWorld(288),rankedbytotalworldwideR&Dinvestment(withinvestmentinR&Dabove€67million).

CompaniesaredistributedbymainsectoraccordingtotheInternationalClassificationBenchmark(ICB3digitlevel);health

industriesincludepharmaceuticals,biotechnology,medicalequipment,healthcareequipment&servicesandhealthcareproviders.Source:The2024EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard,EuropeanCommission,JRC/DGR&I

AccordingtoEUROSTATdata,thepharmaceuticalindustryisthehightechnologysectorwiththehighestaddedvalueperpersonemployed,significantlyhigherthantheaveragevalueforhigh-techandmanufacturingindustries.Thepharmaceuticalindustryisalsothesector

withthehighestratioofR&Dinvestmenttonetsales.Accordingtothe2024EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard,healthindustriesinvestedabout€258.1billioninR&Din2023,accountingfor20.5%oftotalbusinessR&Dexpenditureworldwide.

10·

PHARMACEUTICALPRODUCTION

EFPIA2023€million€million

Austria

3,284

Belgium

29,148

Bulgaria

340

Croatia

730

Cyprus

351

CzechRep.

751

Denmark

29,701

Estonia

57

Finland

2,061

France

28,185

Germany

37,597

Greece

2,186

Hungary

3,410

Iceland

294

Ireland

67,682

Italy52,000U.K.30,503

TOTAL405,701

Lithuania

n.a

Malta

190

Netherlands

7,328

Norway

1,603

Poland

3,339

Portugal

3,432

Romania

1,000

Serbia

482

Slovakia

356

Slovenia

11,589

Spain

23,211

Sweden

12,228

Switzerland

48,864

Turkey

3,497

Latvia302

Note:

AlldatabasedonSITC54

Spain,U.K.:2022data;Cyprus,Estonia,Iceland,Malta,Netherlands,Romania,Serbia:2020data(EurostatNACERev.2);Turkey:2020data;Slovakia:2017data

Croatia,Denmark,France,Ireland,Italy,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland:estimate

Bulgaria,Croatia,France,Hungary,Ireland,Latvia,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovenia:veterinaryproductsexcluded

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(officialfigures)

·11

EFPIAKeyData|2025

EMPLOYMENTINTHEPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRY

EFPIA2023UnitsUnits

Latvia2,681

Lithuania

1,220

Luxembourg

75

Malta

1,370

Netherlands

20,000

Norway

4,500

Poland

30,021

Portugal

10,000

Romania

33,880

Serbia

4,724

Slovakia

2,191

Slovenia

13,535

Spain

57,800

Sweden

15,000

Switzerland

52,183

Turkey

42,291

U.K.

70,000

Austria

19,973

Belgium

44,958

Bulgaria

15,750

Croatia

5,921

Cyprus

2,220

CzechRep.

18,800

Denmark

45,585

Estonia

398

Finland

6,190

France

98,043

Germany

132,660

Greece

32,786

Hungary

34,800

Iceland

1,000

Ireland

50,000

Italy

70,000

TOTAL940,555

Note:

Latvia,Poland,Spain:2022data;Hungary,Malta,U.K.:2021data;Netherlands,Turkey:2020data;Estonia,Serbia,Slovakia:2020data(EurostatNACERev.2);Lithuania:2013data

Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Estonia,France,Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovenia,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,UnitedKingdom:estimate

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(officialfigures)

Theresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustryisoneofEurope’smajorhigh-technologyindustrialemployers.Recentstudiesinsomecountriesshowedthattheresearch-basedpharmaceuticalindustrygeneratesaboutthreetimesmoreemploymentindirectly–upstreamanddownstream–thanitdoesdirectly(PwC,Economicandsocietalfootprint

ofthepharmaceuticalindustryinEurope,November2024).Furthermore,asignificantproportionofthesearevaluableskilledjobs,forinstanceinthefieldsofacademiaorclinicalscience,whichcanhelpmaintainahigh-levelknowledgebaseandpreventaEuropean“braindrain”.

12·

EMPLOYMENTINTHEPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRY(1995-2024)

499,482

1995

556,506

2000

636,684

2005

699,059

2010

746,673

2015

850,928

2020

940,555

2023

950,000

(e)

2024

Note:

DataincludesIceland(since2017),Croatia,LithuaniaandTurkey(since2010),Bulgaria,EstoniaandHungary(since2009),CzechRepublic(since2008),Cyprus(since2007),Latvia,Romania&Slovakia(since2005),Malta,PolandandSlovenia(since2004)

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(officialfigures)-(e):EFPIAestimate

EMPLOYMENTINPHARMACEUTICALR&D(1995-2024)

82,618

1995

88,397

2000

100,636

2005

116,360

2010

113,163

2015

121,717

2020

123,535

2023

130,000

(e)

2024

Note:

DataincludesIceland(since2017),Greece&Lithuania(since2013),BulgariaandTurkey(since2012),Poland(since2010),CzechRepublic,EstoniaandHungary(since2009),Romania(since2005)andSlovenia(since2004)

Croatia,Cyprus,Latvia,Malta,Serbia,Slovakia:datanotavailable

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations-(e):EFPIAestimate

13

EFPIAKeyData|2025

PHARMACEUTICALSALES

Theworldpharmaceutical(prescription)marketwasworthanestimated€1,413,609million($1,528,535million)atex-factorypricesin2024.TheNorthAmericanmarket(USA&Canada)remainedtheworld’slargestmarketwitha54.8%share,wellaheadofEurope,ChinaandJapan.

BREAKDOWNOFTHEWORLDPHARMACEUTICALMARKET-2024SALES

Europe

22.7%

(USA,Canada)

54.8%

NorthAmerica

Japan

4.0%

China

7.1%

罗

y

Latin

America

4.1%

Africa,Asia*

&Australia

7.4%

*ExcludingChina&Japan

Note:

EuropeincludesBelarus,Turkey,Russiaand

Ukraine;percentages

mightnotaddupduetorounding

Source:IQVIAMIDAS

(auditedsales)FY2024,May2025;datarelatetothe2024globalretailandhospitalpharmaceuticalmarket(prescriptiononly)atex-factoryprices.

PRICESTRUCTURE

Distributionmargins,whicharegenerallyfixedbygovernments,andVATratesdiffersignificantlyfromcountrytocountryinEurope.Onaverage,approximatelyonethirdoftheretailpriceofamedicinerevertstodistributors(pharmacistsandwholesalers)andtheState.

BREAKDOWNOFTHERETAILPRICEOFAMEDICINE,2023(%)

Manufacturer

67.0%

Wholesaler

5.0%

Pharmacist

17.5%

State(VATandothertaxes)

10.5%

Note:

Non-weightedaverageforEurope(average

estimatefor25countries)

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations

14·

PHARMACEUTICALMARKETVALUE(atex–factoryprices)

EFPIA2023€million€million

Austria

6,298

Belgium

7,597

Bulgaria

1,999

Croatia

1,396

Cyprus

484

CzechRep.

3,697

Denmark

4,028

Estonia

456

Finland

3,077

France

38,518

Germany

53,729

Greece

5,456

Hungary

2,750

Iceland

251

Ireland

3,070

Italy

25,438

Lithuania752

Luxembourg

384

Malta

196

Netherlands

8,358

Norway

3,883

Poland

10,709

Portugal

4,437

Romania

6,055

Serbia

1,121

Slovakia

1,902

Slovenia

940

Spain

21,031

Sweden

5,106

Switzerland

7,645

Turkey

8,986

U.K.

34,285

Latvia511

TOTAL274,545

Note:

MedicinalproductsasdefinedbyDirective2001/83/EC

Cyprus,Denmark,Finland,Iceland,Latvia,Lithuania,Netherlands,Norway,Slovenia,Sweden:pharmaceuticalmarketvalueatpharmacypurchasingprices

Belgium,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Norway,Spain,U.K.:estimate

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations(officialfigures);Lithuania,Serbia:IQVIA;Malta:2019data

Thefiguresaboveareforpharmaceuticalsales,atex-factoryprices,throughalldistributionchannels(pharmacies,hospitals,

dispensingdoctors,supermarkets,etc.),whetherdispensedonprescriptionoratthepatient’srequest.Salesofveterinarymedicinesareexcluded.

·15

EFPIAKeyData|2025

16·

VATRATESAPPLICABLETOMEDICINES

ThetablebelowshowstheVATratesappliedtomedicinesinEuropeancountriesasof1January2025.

CountryStandardVATrate(%)VATratesappliedtomedicines

Prescription(%)OTC(%)

Austria

20,0

10,0

10,0

Belgium

21,0

6,0

6,0

Bulgaria

20,0

20,0

20,0

Croatia

25,0

5,0

5,0

Cyprus

19,0

5,0

5,0

CzechRep.

21,0

12,0

12,0

Denmark

25,0

25,0

25,0

Estonia

22,0

9,0

9,0

Finland

25,5

14,0

14,0

France(1)

20,0

2,1

10,0

Germany

19,0

19,0

19,0

Greece

24,0

6,0

6,0-13,0

Hungary

27,0

5,0

5,0

Iceland

24,0

24,0

24,0

Ireland(2)

23,0

0-23,0

0-23,0

Italy

22,0

10,0

10,0

Latvia

21,0

12,0

12,0

Lithuania(3)

21,0

5,0

21,0

Luxembourg

17,0

3,0

3,0

Malta

18,0

0,0

0,0

Netherlands

21,0

9,0

9,0

Norway

25,0

25,0

25,0

Poland

23,0

8,0

8,0

Portugal

23,0

6,0

6,0

Romania

19,0

9,0

19,0

Serbia

20,0

10,0

10,0

Slovakia

23,0

5,0

23,0

Slovenia

22,0

9,5

9,5

Spain

21,0

4,0

4,0

Sweden

25,0

0,0

25,0

Switzerland

8,1

2,6

2,6

Turkey

20,0

10,0

10,0

U.K.(4)

20,0

0-20,0

20,0

(1)France:reimbursablemedicines2.1%;non-reimbursablemedicines10.0%

(2)Ireland:oralmedication0%;othermedication23%

(3)Lithuania:reimbursablemedicines5.0%;non-reimbursablemedicines21.0%

(4)U.K.:0%forprescriptionmedicinesdispensedintheCommunity;20%forprescriptionmedicinesconsumedinthehospitalsetting

GENERICSANDBIOSIMILARS

Genericsandbiosimilarsareusuallyproducedbyamanufacturerwhoisnottheinventoroftheoriginalchemicalorbiologicalsubstance.Theycanbemarketedafterexpiryoftheintellectualproperty

protectionrightsoftheinnovativeproduct.Datamightnotbestrictlycomparableacrosscountriesduetodifferencesinprocurementandreimbursementpractices.

AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprus

CzechRepublicDenmark

EstoniaFinlandFrance

Germany

Greece

HungaryIrelandItaly

Latvia

Lithuania

47.5

17.1

24.6

39.030.5

26.9

39.519.7

24.017.5

18.7

24.0

36.818.0

22.8

46.0

24.0

Luxembourg4.0

NetherlandsNorway

PolandPortugalRomaniaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpain

Sweden

31.0

35.1

51.0

25.2

25.7

24.021.4

21.9

26.7

23.1

Switzerland14.4

Turkey34.6

U.K.30.5

SHARE(ESTIMATE-IN%)

ACCOUNTEDFORBYGENERICSIN

PHARMACEUTICALMARKETSALES

VALUE(ATEX-FACTORYPRICES),2023

Note:

Bulgaria,Croatia,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,Hungary,Netherlands,

Slovenia,U.K.:shareofgenericsinpharmacymarketsales

Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,France,Germany,Greece,Italy,Portugal,Spain:shareof

genericsinreimbursablepharmacymarketsales

Ireland,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,

Norway,Poland,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey:shareof

genericsintotalmarketsales

Lithuania:2020data;Cyprus,Iceland,Malta:datanotavailable

France:datarelateonlytothoseactivesubstanceslistedontheofficiallistofmedicines

Source:EFPIAmemberassociations

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%

·17

EFPIAKeyData|2025

PHARMACEUTICALEXPORTS

EFPIA2023€million€million

Austria

16,524

Belgium

77,879

Bulgaria

1,269

Croatia

1,125

Cyprus

405

CzechRepublic

4,057

Denmark

21,447

Estonia

140

Finland

1,837

France

36,130

Germany

112,213

Greece

2,808

Hungary

8,728

Iceland

61

Ireland

77,469

Italy48,080UnitedKingdom29,850

TOTAL661,559

Lithuania

1,085

Luxembourg

189

Malta

386

Netherlands

56,136

Norway

978

Poland

5,915

Portugal

2,773

Romania

1,215

Slovakia

745

Slovenia

18,786

Spain

21,188

Sweden

13,300

Swit