专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷20

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷20

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Today,cigarettesmokingisacommonhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmen

andthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedStatessmokecigarettesregularly.

Itisencouragingtoseethatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupsmoking.Itisafactthat

menasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroup

withthehighestproportionofsmokersis24-44.Income,education,andoccupationall

playapartindeterminingaperson'ssmokinghabit.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeople

livingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettes

thanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-

cducatcdmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksof

cigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentfbrwomen.Thereareslightly

moresmokersamongwomenwilhhigherfamilyincomeandhighereducalionihan

amongihelowerincomeandlowereducalionalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducated

womentendtosmokemoreheavily.Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Thereare

fewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfrom

familieslivinginfarmareas.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothof

theirparentssmoke.

1、Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

A、Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.

B、TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSA.

C^Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.

D、TheU.S.hasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercountry.

标准答案；C

知识点解析：很多人戒烟是个好消息。在文章的第一段，作者便提到，看到有数百

万的人戒烟是令人振奋的。所以选C。

2、Whatfactorsdetennineaperson?ssmokinghabit?

A、Age,incomeandeducation.

B、Age,sexandincome.

C、Occupation,incomeandsex.

D、Occupation,incomeandeducation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第三段的开头提到：Income,education,andoccupationallplaya

partindetenniningaperson'ssmokinghabit.（收入、教育背景和职业都在人们的吸

烟习惯中起到决定性的作用。）

3、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.

B、Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.

C^Menwithhigherincometendtosmoke.

D、Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：高知识、高收入的男人不太容易吸烟。文章第三段提到：Well-

cducatcdmenwithhighincomcsarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwith

feweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.文化程度和教育程度越高，吸烟的人越

少。所以选D。

4、Whatisthesmokingsituationfbrwomen?

A、Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasformen.

B、Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.

C、Therearemorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.

D^Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第四段提到：Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmoke

moreheavily.教育程度越高的女士抽烟越厉害。

5、Whatcanwcsayaboutteenagedsmokers?

A、Thepictureabouttheteenagedsmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.

B、Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.

C、Highschoolstudentsarcmorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.

D、Farmers'childrentendtosmokemore.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：青少年的情况与成年男人相似。最后一•段提到那些来自高收入、高知

识分子家庭和农场家庭的孩子吸烟的人数较少，这与第三段提到的男性的情况相

似。

OnestudyshowsthatAmericansprefertoanswerwithabrief"Yes""No"HSure",orthe

verypopular"Yeah"ratherthanwithalongerreply.Butbriefrepliesdonotmean

Americansareimpoliteorunfriendlytosomeextent.Veryoften,Americansareina

hurryandmaygreetyouwithasingleword"Hi",indeed;thisisagreetingyouwillhear

againandagainduringyourstayintheUnitedStates.Itisusedbyeveryone,regardless

ofrank,ageoroccupation.However,thosewhoareaccustomedtolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlemoretimebeforethey(eelcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk.

Americanssometimesuseplaintalkwhentheyareuncomfortable.Ifpeoplepraisethem

orthanktheminanespeciallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknow

whattosayinreply.Theydon'twanttobeimpoliteorrude,andyoucanbesurethatthey

likedwhatwassaidaboutthem.Exceptforcertainholidays,suchasChristmas,

Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.Thus,youwillfindAmericansembarrassedasthey

acceptgifts,especiallyiftheyhavenothingtogiveinreturn.Theyaregenerallyawarm

butinformalpeople.

6、ThefactthatAmericanslikeshorteranswerstellsus.

A、theyreplyveryquicklyinahurry

B、theychoosewordstoocarefully

C^theylikereplyingbriefly

D、theywanttobeaspoliteastheycan

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中第一句提了"OnestudyshowsthatAmericansprefertoanswerwith

abrief4Yes,4No,4Sure\ortheverypopular4Yeahfatherthanwithalongerreply.“一

次调查显示美国人更喜欢用简短的回答，与C项相符，A项在文中也可找到，但

是并不符合题意。B、D两项在文章中都未提及。

7、Thosewholikeusingbeautifulorformalwords.

A^needmoretimetogetusedtoAmericansimplegreeting

B、neednotimetogetfamiliarwithAmericangreeting

C、donotverymuchlikeAmericanwayofgreeting

D、thinkAmericansarenotpolitewhatever

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第一段最后一句说，“thosewhoareaccustomedtolongergreetingsmay

requirealittlemoretimebeforetheyfeelcomfortablewithAmericansimpletalk”“那些

习惯了较长问候的人们可能需要更长一些时间来适应美国人简短的谈话•、'，所以A

项符合题意。

8、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Americansoftenanswerwiththewordslike"Sure""Yeah".

B、Theyarenotimpolitewithbriefreplies.

C>Americansinhighranksmustuseformalwordsingreeting.

D、Americansareawarmbutinformalpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查考生对文章的理解c第一段倒数第二句说力tkiwcdby

everyone,regardlessofrank,ageoroccupation.”“人们不分官职、年龄或是职业，

都使用简短的对话。”C项说“美国高官职的人都必须用正式用语”，与文章不符。

A、B和D三项都可以从文章第一段中找到依据。改选C。

9、TheAmericanslikeothers'praisebutifinapoliteway.

A、theydon'tknowwhattosayinreply

B、theyfeelsomewhatuneasy

C、theydon'twanttoreply

D、bothAandB

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段的第二、三句说“Ifpeoplepraisethemorthanktheminan

especiallypoliteway,theymaybecomeuncomfortableandnotknowwhattosayin

reply.”“如果有人用一种很礼貌的方式赞扬或是感谢美国人的话，他们会感到不自

在，而且不知如何应答。”A项说“他们不知如何应答”，B项说“他们感到不舒服/

不自然“，都符合题意，C项在原文中找不到依据。

10>Thepassageindicatesthat.

A、Americansexchangegiftsthefirsttimetheymeet

B、Americansseldomgivegiftsexceptforsomeholidays

C、Americansoftenbringsomegiftstotheirfriends

D、Americansonlywanttogetgiftsfromothers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查考生对全文意思的把握。第二段第四句说'上xceptforcertain

holidays,suchasChristinas,Americansdon'tusuallygivegifts.除了像圣诞节这

样的节口之外，美国人不经常送礼物。”与B项相符合。A、C和D三项都在原文

中找不到依据，所以不正确。

Today,cigarettesmokingisacommonhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmen

andthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedSlatessmokecigarettesregularly.

Itisencouragingtoseethatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupsmoking.Itisafactthat

menasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroup

withthehighestproportionofsmokersis24-44.Income,education,andoccupationall

playapartindeterminingaperson'ssmokinghabit.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeople

livingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettes

thanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-

educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksof

cigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightly

moresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomeandhighereducationthan

amongthelowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducated

womentendtosmokemereheavily.Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Thereare

fewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfrom

familieslivinginfarmareas.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothof

theirparentssmoke.

11、Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

A、Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.

B、TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSA.

C^Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.

D、TheU.S.hasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercountry.

标准答案：c

知识点。析：很多人戒烟是个好消息。在文章的第一段，作者便提到，看到有数百

万的人戒烟是令人振奋的。所以选C。

12、Whatfactorsdetermineaperson'ssmokinghabit?

A、Age,incomeandeducation.

B、Age,sexandincome.

C、Occupation,incomeandsex.

D、Occupation,incomeandeducation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第三段的开头提到：Income,education,andoccupationallplay

apartindeterminingaperson'ssmokinghabit.（收入、教育背景和职业都在人们的吸

烟习惯中起到决定性的作用。）

13、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.

B、Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.

C^Menwithhigherincometendtosmoke.

D、Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：高知识、高收入的男人不太容易吸烟。文章第三段提到：Well-

educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfewer

yearsofSchoolingandlowerincomes.文化程度和教育程度越高，吸烟的人越少。

所以选D。

14、Whatisthesmokingsituationfbrwomen?

A、Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasfbrmen.

R、Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.

C>Therearcmorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.

D、Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第四段提到：Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmoke

moreheavily.教育程度越高的女士抽烟越厉害。

15、Whatcanwesayaboutteenagedsmokers?

A^Thepictureabouttheteenagedsmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.

B、Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.

C^Highschoolstudentsaremorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.

D、Farmers5childrentendtosmokemore.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：青少年的情况与成年男人相似。最后一段提到那些来自高收入、高知

识分子家庭和农场家庭的孩子吸烟的人数较少，这与第三段提到的男性的情况相

似。

Duringastateofdeeprelaxation,severalphysiologicalchangestakeplaceinthebody:

thebody'soxygenconsumptionisreduced;theheartbeatdecreases;muscletensionand

sweatingease,andthereisdecreasedsympathetic（交感的）nervoussystemactivity.This

restfulstatenotonlyallowsthebodytorepairandrestoreitself,butalsohasacalming

effectontheconsciousness.Howtoachievethisstateofrelaxation,however,isamatter

ofopinion,andinsomemedicalcircles,amatterofcontroversy.ArecentreportbyDr.

DavidHolmesoftheUniversityofKansasinthejournal"Americanpsychologist"said

thatsimplesittinginanarmchairhasjustasmanybeneficialcharacteristicsforthebody

asmeditationdoes.Researchersofotherrelaxationtechniquesdisagree.Theseexperts

believethatmorestructuredtechniques,suchasmeditation,leadtoaconditionofdeep

relaxation.Thedebategoeson,butonethingappearstobeclear;therelaxationresponse

canbereachedbyanumberofmelhods,andihemelhodsihemselvesnotasimportant

asgelling(here.Oneday,onemethodmayworkbest;onanotherday,analternative

methodmaybemoreappropriate.Onceyouareawareofallthemethods,youcanfind

theonethatworksbestforyou.Someoftherelaxationtechniquesaremeditation,

autoanalysis(自我心理分析)andprogressivemusclerelaxationresponsethanjustsitting

quietlyinachair,theyhavetheaddedbenefitofstructureanddiscipline,andforthese

reasonsappeartobemoreeffective(ormostindividuals.

16、Thepassageindicatesthatastateofdeeprelaxationisnotonlygoodfbrone's

body,butalsobeneficialto.

A、heartbeat

consciousness

C、muscletension

D、sympatheticnervoussystem

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第一段最后一句话“butalsohasacalmingeffectontheconsciousness”

可知正确答案为B。

17、Peopleseemtoagreethat.

A^sittinginanarmchairbenefitsapersonasmeditationdoes

B、whatpeoplearestrugglingfbrisastateofdeeprelaxation

C>toachieveastateofdeeprelaxationispossiblethroughvariousmeans

D^structuredconsciousnessrelaxationtechniquesaremorebeneficialforaperson

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由第三段第一句话“…butonethingappearstobeclear：the

relaxation...anumberofmethods”可知正确答案为Co

18、Inthethirdparagraph,thephrase"gettingthere"mostprobablymeans.

A、arrivingatone'sdestination

B、gettingwhatonewantsmost

C、reachingastateofdeeprelaxation

D、findingoutasuitablerelaxationtechnique

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由短语所左的那句话“themethodsthemselyesarenotasimportantas

gettingthere”可知短语所指为“t知methods”,即“findingoutasuitablerelaxation

technique”,故D正确。

19、Asfarasrelaxationisconcerned,theauthorindicatesthat.

A、aimsaremoreimportantthanmeans

B、meansaremoreimportantthanaims

C、somerelaxationtechniquesarebetterthanothers

D、moreandmorepeopleareinterestedinrelaxationtechniques

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由倒数第二段的内容可知方法是多种多样的，而目标只有一个。所以

相比之下目标更重要一些。可知A项正确。

20、Theauthor,sattitudetowardrelaxationisbestdescribedas.

A、critical

B、objective

C^optimistic

D、subjective

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者对于“放松”这一生理状态的描述应该是客观的，由第二段所描述

的不同人的不同见解为例就可说明这一点。

IftheEuropeansthoughtadrought—alongperiodofdryweather—wassomethingthat

happenedonlyinAfrica,theyknowbetternow.Afterfouryearsofbelow-normalrainfall

(insomecasesonly10percentoftheannualsaverage),vastareasofFrance,Spain,

Portugal,Belgium,BritainandIrelandaredryandbarren.Waterissolowinthecanals

ofnorthernFrancethatwaterwaytrafficisforbiddenexceptonweekends.Oyster(牡蛎)

growsinBrittanyreporta30percentdropinproductionbecauseofthelossoffresh

waterinlocalriversnecessaryforoysterbreeding.InsoutheasternEngland,therolling

greenhillsofKenthaveturnedsobrownthatofficialshavebeenweighingplanstopipe

inwaterfromWales.InPortugal,farmersinthesouthernAlentejoregionhaveheld

prayermeetingforrain—sofar,invain.Governmentsindrought-spreadcountriesare

takingseveremeasures.Authoritiesinhard-hitareasofFrancehavebannedwashingcars

andwateringlawns.InBritain,waterwillsoonbemetered,likegasandelectricity."The

Englishhavealwaystakenwaterforgranted,"saysGrahamWarren,aspokesmanof

Britain'sNationalRiversAuthority."Nowthey'reputtingapriceonit."Evenasudden

endtothedroughtwouldnotendthemiseryinsomeareas.Itwilltakeseveralyearsof

unusuallyheavywinterrain,theexpertssay,justtobringexistingwaterreservesuplo

theirnormallevels.

21、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"theyknowbetternow"?

A、Theyknowmoreaboutthecausesofthedrought.

TheyhaveabetterunderstandingofthedroughtinAfrica.

C、TheyhaverealizedthatthedroughtinEuropeisthemostseriousone.

D、TheyhaverealizedthatdroughtshitnotonlyAfricabutalsoEurope.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：答案在第一段第一句话：IftheEuropeansthoughtadrought—along

periodofdryweather-wassomethingthathappenedonlyinAfrica,theyknowbetter

now.“如果欧洲人认为干旱天气只会出现在非洲的话，那么他们现在更清楚地知

道了，情况并非如此。“因此，theyknowbetternow意为“theyhaverealizedthat

droughtshitnot,onlyAfricabutalsoEurope.欧洲人已经意识到干旱不仅会袭击