2025年九年级暑假预习仁爱科普版英语九年级上册Unit4 Amazing Science练习（含答案）

暑假学习仁爱版英语九年级上册Unit4AmazingScience一、核心词汇(KeyVocabulary)科技与发明discover/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/(v.发现)→discovery(n.发现)5.Technology/tekˈnɒlədʒi/(n.技术)→hightechnology(高新技术)9.spaceship/ˈspeɪsʃɪp/(n.宇宙飞船)2.Invent/ɪnˈvent/(v.发明)→invention(n.发明)→inventor(n.发明家)6.robot/ˈrəʊbɒt/(n.机器人)→robotic(adj.机器人的)10.rocket/ˈrɒkɪt/(n.火箭)3.create/kriˈeɪt/(v.创造)→creation(n.创造物)7.digital/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/(adj.数字的)→digitalcamera(数码相机)11.screen/skriːn/(n.屏幕)4.develop/dɪˈveləp/(v.发展；开发)→development(n.发展)8.satellite/ˈsætəlaɪt/(n.卫星)→man-madesatellite(人造卫星)12.control/kənˈtrəʊl/(v./n.控制)→remotecontrol(遥控器)宇宙探索1.planet/ˈplænɪt/(n.行星)→Mars(火星)/Jupiter(木星)3.galaxy/ˈɡæləksi/(n.星系)→theMilkyWay(银河系)5.landon(登陆)→Thespacecraftlandedonthemoon.2.universe/ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/(n.宇宙)4.astronaut/ˈæstrənɔːt/(n.宇航员)研究探索1.experiment/ɪkˈsperɪmənt/(n./v.实验)→doanexperiment3.explore/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/(v.探索)→exploration(n.探索)2.research/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/(n./v.研究)→scientificresearch4.theory/ˈθɪəri/(n.理论)→Einstein’stheory现代科技1.smartphone/ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/(n.智能手机)3.online/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/(adj./adv.在线的)→shoponline2.app/æp/(n.应用程序)4.download/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/(v.下载)↔upload(上传)二、重点句型(KeySentencePatterns)1.描述发明/发现(DescribingInventions/Discoveries):被动语态(重点！):E.g.PaperwasinventedbyChinesepeople.(纸是由中国人发明的。)Thenewrobothasbeendevelopedbyscientists.(新机器人已被科学家开发出来。)用途表达:E.g.Itisusedfor...(它被用来做...)→Computersareusedforstoringinformation.Itisusedto...(它被用来...)→Radiosareusedtolistentonews.2.讨论科技影响(DiscussingImpact):Advantages:Itmakesiteasierto...(它使...更容易)→TheInternetmakesiteasiertocommunicate.Ithelpsus(to)...(它帮助我们...)→Robotshelpusdodangerouswork.Disadvantages:Itmaycause...(它可能导致...)→Toomuchscreentimemaycauseeyeproblems.Peopledependtoomuchon...(人们过度依赖...)3.表达可能性(ExpressingPossibility):Itispossiblethat...(有可能...)HumansmightliveonMarsoneday.(人类也许有一天会住在火星上。)Scientistscouldfindnewplanets.(科学家可能发现新行星。)二、核心语法：(一)被动语态(PassiveVoice)结构：be+过去分词(V-ed/V3)时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+V3Englishisspokenworldwide.一般过去时was/were+V3ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.现在完成时have/hasbeen+V3ThespaceshiphasbeensenttoMars.含情态动词情态动词+be+V3Robotscanbecontrolledremotely.使用场景：1.强调动作承受者（发明物/发现物）:E.g.Thenewcomputerwasshownattheexhibition.(电脑被展出→强调电脑)(对比主动语态:Theyshowedthenewcomputer...强调“他们”)2.动作执行者未知或不重要:E.g.Myphonewasstolenyesterday.(手机被偷→谁偷的不重要)3.客观陈述事实/科学真理:E.g.Plasticisproducedfromoil.主动变被动三步法：1.原宾语→变主语2.谓语动词→变“be+过去分词”（be随新主语时态变化）3.原主语→变by+执行者（可省略）E.g.主动:ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulb.被动:ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdison.(二)定语从句(AttributiveClause)1.什么是定语从句？作用：修饰名词或代词（即先行词），相当于形容词。位置：紧跟先行词后，由关系代词（who/which/that/whose）或关系副词（where/when）引导。e.g.ThescientistwhoinventedthelightbulbisEdison.（修饰scientist）Thisisthelabwherewedoexperiments.（修饰lab）关系代词用法关系代词指代对象在从句中作用例句who人主语/宾语Theboywhoiswearingglassesismybrother.（主语）whom人宾语（可省略）Thegirl(whom)youmetisascientist.（宾语）which物主语/宾语Therobotwhichcantalkamazedus.（主语）that人或物主语/宾语Thebook(that)Iboughtisaboutspace.（宾语）whose人或物（所有格）定语（=ofwhom/which）That'sthescientistwhoseinventionchangedtheworld.特殊规则:只用that的情况：先行词是不定代词（all,everything,nothing等）All(that)weneedistime.先行词被序数词/最高级修饰Thisisthebestmovie(that)Ihaveseen.先行词同时包含人和物6.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings(that)theyremembered.不用that的情况：1.介词后（介词+which/whom）2.Thelabinwhichweworkismodern.（❌不说inthat）关系副词用法关系副词指代对象含义例句where地点in/atwhichThisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)carsaremade.when时间at/inwhichIrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wefirstmet.附：高频考点思维导图定语从句→关系代词→who(人)/which(物)/that(人/物)/whose(所有格)↘关系副词→where(地点)/when(时间)↘特殊规则→只用that：不定代词/序数词/最高级/人+物↘不用that：介词后三、分层知识练习A.基础巩固(词汇+句型)1.根据首字母或汉语提示填空：1)The________(卫星)sendssignalsbacktoEarth.2)Scientistsaredoingane________totestthetheory.3)Onlineshopping________(使变得)lifemoreconvenient.4)Thesmartphone________(开发)bythiscompanyisverypopular.5)Paper________(发明)inChinaabout2,000yearsago.2.将句子改为被动语态：1)Peopleusecomputerstosolveproblems.→Computersareusedtosolveproblems.2)Scientistshavediscoveredanewplanet.→Anewplanethasbeendiscoveredbyscientists.3)Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.→Theenvironmentshouldbeprotected.B.能力提升(语法+应用)语法填空(用被动语态的正确形式)：TheHistoryofComputersThefirstcomputer1.________(build)inthe1940s.It2.________(be)aslargeasaroom!Today,smallcomputers3.________(use)inhomesandoffices.Manytasks4.________(can/do)bycomputersnow,suchaswritinganddrawing.Inthefuture,morework5.________(may/complete)byAI.C、定语从句专练Part1选择填空1.Thecomputer______Iboughtlastweekdoesn’tworknow.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose2.Doyouknowtheman______isgivingaspeech?A.whichB.whomC.whoD.whose3.Thisistheschool______mymothertaught20yearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what4.Shewillneverforgettheday______shebecameascientist.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where5.Theboy______fatherisanastronautwantstogotoMars.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichPart2:合并句子（用定语从句合并）6.ThegirlisfromCanada.Shewonthesciencecompetition.→Thegirl______________________________isfromCanada.7.Wevisitedamuseum.Itshowsspacetechnology.→Wevisitedamuseum______________________________.8.July20,1969wastheday.Onthatdayhumansfirstwalkedonthemoon.→July20,1969wastheday______________________________.Part3:语法填空In2023,scientistscreatedarobot9______(name)"MarsExplorer",10______cancollectrocksonMars.Thelab11______itwasdesignedisinBeijing.Theengineers12______workthereareproudoftheirinvention.D.写作任务：提示：以“AnInventionThatChangedtheWorld”为题，写一篇80词短文。要求：使用被动语态描述发明（如：wasinvented,isused）说明其用途和影响至少使用3个本单元词汇（如：technology,discover,convenient）AnInventionThatChangedtheWorld_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：A.基础巩固(词汇+句型)词汇填空1）satellite2）experiment3）makes4）developed5