IECWhitePapersTechnologyReports（2020）IEC 白皮书及技术报告（2020 年版）

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IECWhitePapers

&TechnologyReports

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WhitePapers&TechnologyReports

Everyyear,theIECpublishesoneormorewhitepapersortechnologyreportsthatensurethatIECworksupportsglobalchallengesinelectrotechnology.Theyassesspotentialworldwideneedsandproviderecommendationstoallrelevantstakeholders.

TheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB),bringstogetherCTOsofmajorinternationalcompanies.Ithelpsidentifyfuturetechnologiesandtrendsofinterest,anddevelopswhitepapers.

www.iec.ch

AbouttheIEC

Aglobalnetworkof173countriesthatcovers99%ofworldpopulationandelectricitygeneration

Keyfigures

173

membersandaffiliates

>200

technicalcommittees

20000

expertsfromindustry,testandresearch

labs,government,academiaandconsumergroups

>10000

internationalstandardspublished

4

globalconformityassessmentsystems

>1million

conformityassessmentcertificatesissued

>100

yearsofexpertise

OffersanaffiliatecountryprogrammetoencouragedevelopingcountriestogetinvolvedintheIECfreeofcharge

Developsinternationalstandardsandrunsfourconformityassessmentsystemstoverifythatelectricalandelectronicproductsworksafelyand

astheyareintendedto

IECInternationalStandardsrepresentaglobalconsensusofstate-of-the-artknow-howandexpertise

Anot-for-profitorganizationenablingglobaltradeanduniversalelectricityaccess

Tableofcontents

AbouttheIEC 3

Safetyinthefuture 5

Semanticinteroperability:challengesinthedigitaltransformationage 6

Cybersecurityandresilienceguidelinesforthesmartenergyoperationalenvironment 7

Artificialintelligenceacrossindustries 8

Stablegridoperationsinafutureofdistributedelectricpower 9

Edgeintelligence 10

LVDC:electricityforthe21stcentury 11

Globalenergyinterconnection 12

IoT2020:SmartandsecureIoTplatform 13

Factoryofthefuture 14

Strategicassetmanagementofpowernetworks 15

OrchestratinginfrastructureforsustainableSmartCities 16

InternetofThings:WirelessSensorNetworks 17

Microgridsfordisasterpreparednessandrecovery 18

Nanotechnologyinthesectorsofsolarenergyandenergystorage 19

Gridintegrationoflarge-capacityRenewableEnergysourcesanduseoflarge-capacity

ElectricalEnergyStorage 20

ElectricalEnergyStorage 21

CopingwiththeEnergyChallenge 22

WhitePaper

Safetyinthefuture

WhitePaper

Safetyinthefuture

Advancedrobotics,artificialintelligence,theInternetofThingsaretransforminghowhumansandelectrotechnicalsystemsinterconnect.Withtheintroductionofnewtechnologies,itiscriticallyimportanttoensurethathumansafetyremainsatthecentreofthehuman-machinerelationship.

Eachyear,severalmillionworkersareinjuredonthejob.Asidefromtheeconomiccost,thisisthesourceofimmeasurablesufferingthatislargelypreventable.

Usingreal-lifeexamples,thiswhitepaperaddressessafetyinthefuturebyexploringcurrentsocialtrendsandinitiativesaswellasprojectsthatarepioneeringinnovativesafetysolutions.Allofthemarebasedontheconceptthatsafetywillbeintegraltosystemsinwhichhumansandmachinescloselyinterface.Thepaperalsointroducesacollaborativeframework–thetripartitesystemforsafety–whichoffersasystematicapproachtoexaminingkeysafetyelements.

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Bringingthesesafetyconceptstofruitionwillrequiresignificantstandardizationeffortstomitigatechallengesrelatedtodecision-makinginvolvingmachinesandhumans.

ThewhitepaperformulatesrecommendationsbothofageneralnatureaswellastotheIECcommunity.

ThewhitepaperwasdevelopedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)safetyinthefutureprojectteam,directedbyDrKazuhikoTsutsumi,MSBConvenor,MitsubishiElectricCorporation,withmajorcontributionsfromtheleadprojectpartner,DrCoenvanGulijk,TNO,theNetherlands.

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Semanticinteroperability:challengesinthedigitaltransformationage

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Semanticinteroperability:challengesinthedigitaltransformationage

Humansusewords,diagrams,images,context,butalsosounds,facialexpressionsorbodylanguagetobeunderstood.Machinesusedataandinformationmodelsaswellasalgorithmstomanipulateinformation,andhumanconceptsneedtobetranslatedformachineuse.

Duetotheexponentiallygrowingnumberofsystemsthatcollect,process,andsharedata,machinesincreasinglyneedtobeabletocommunicatewitheachotherwithouttheinterventionofhumans.Thisrequiresincreasedinteroperabilityintermsofconcepts,datastructures,informationmodelsaswellasdigitalspecifications.Inadditiontoenablingdataexchange,so-calledsemanticinteroperabilitydefinesthemeaningofdatawithouttheneedforadditionalprogramming.Itprovidesthemeansfortwosystemstounderstandeachother’sconventionsandfunctionsbehindthedataandthecontextinwhichitisused.Itallowscomputersystemstoexchangedatawithunambiguous,sharedmeaning.Semanticinteroperabilitywillbethekeytodigitalizationandthelatestindustrialrevolution.

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Thiswhitepaperoutlineswhatittakestoachievemachine-to-machinecommunicationandhowstandardscanprovidestructuresthatwillallowmachinestointeracttrulyindependently.

ThewhitepaperwasdevelopedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)semanticontologiesprojectteamwithmajorcontributionsfromSiemensAGandprojectpartner,Prof.Dr.-Ing.ChristianDiedrich,ifak

e.V.Magdeburg(Germany).

TechnologyReport

Cybersecurityandresilienceguidelinesforthesmartenergyoperationalenvironment

TechnologyReport

Cybersecurityandresilienceguidelinesforthesmartenergyoperationalenvironment

Theenergybusinesssectorisundergoingprofoundchanges.Thetransitiontocleanenergyisunderwayandsocietyisincreasinglyreliantonelectricalenergy.However,thebusinessenvironmentismoreriskyandmountingcompetitionrequiresthecontinualimprovementofend-userservices.

Simultaneously,theenergysectorhasaccelerateditsevolutiontowardsdigitalizationdigitizationthusheighteningitsrelianceoncyberassets,includingsystems,controllersandintelligentdevices,tomanagethedeliveryofelectricalenergy.

However,thesecyberassetspresentseriouschallengesandbusinessesmustdeterminehowtocopewiththerealityofdeliberatecyberattacksaswellashowtoremainresilientinthefaceofinadvertentcyberthreatsarisingfrompersonnelmistakes,thecomplexityofsystems,equipmentfailureandnaturaldisaster.Energybusinessesthattraditionallyaddressedonlythesystemengineeringprocessmustnowincludecybersecurityservicesandtechnologies.

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ThisIECTechnologyReportprovidesguidelinestohelpexecutivesinthesmartenergyoperationalenvironmentunderstandthenecessarycybersecuritypolicies,proceduresandtechnologiesthatneedtobeimplemented.ItwaspreparedbythetaskforceoncybersecurityintheIECSystemsCommitteeonSmartenergyWorkingGroup3.

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Artificialintelligenceacrossindustries

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Artificialintelligence(AI)iscontinuouslymakinginroadsintodomainspreviouslyreservedtohumans.Robotssupportworkersinthemanufacturingsector;digitalassistantsautomateofficetasks;intelligentappliancesorderfoodbasedonowners’preferencesorcontrollightingandtemperatureinthehomeinpreparationoftheirarrival.Increasinglysophisticatedalgorithmshavethepotentialtohelpaddresssomeofhumanity’sbiggestchallenges.Theyalsobringaboutanumberofrisksandthreatsthatbusinesses,governmentsandpolicymakersneedtounderstandandtacklecarefully.

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Artificialintelligenceacrossindustries

ThiswhitepapersetsthesceneforunderstandingwhereAIstandstodayandtheoutlookforthenext5to10years.Takinganindustrialperspective,itdiscussesinmoredetail:smarthomes,intelligentmanufacturing,smarttransportation/self-drivingvehicles,andtheenergysector.

Itcoverscurrenttechnologicalcapabilitiesandprovidesadetaileddescriptionofsomeofthemajorexistingandfuturechallengesrelatedtosafety,security,privacy,trustandethicsthatAIwillhavetoaddressattheinternationallevel.AIwillbecomeoneofthecoretechnologiesacrossmanydifferentindustriesandstandardizationwillplayacriticalroleinshapingitsfuture.

ThewhitepaperwasdevelopedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)withmajorcontributionsfromHaierGroupandprojectpartnertheGermanResearchCentreforArtificialIntelligence(DFKI).SupportingprojectteammembersincludedSAP,Huawei,NSWDataAnalyticsCentre(DAC),ChinaElectronicStandardizationInstitute(CESI),LGElectronics,andKoreaElectricPowerCorporation(KEPCO).

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Stablegridoperationsinafutureofdistributedelectricpower

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Stablegridoperationsinafutureofdistributedelectricpower

Increasingly,electricityisgeneratedoutsideofbigpowerplants,forexamplethroughsolarpanels,smallwindturbinesorsmallhydro,andusuallyclosetowhereitisconsumed.Whenmoreenergyisgeneratedthanconsumed,surplusenergyisfedbackintotheexistingpowernetworkwhereitcannegativelyaffectgridstability.Unlikewithtraditionalpowergeneration,theseadditionalresourcesareofteninvisibletogridoperators,whoareunabletopredictandcontrolwhenenergyisfedbackintothenetwork.

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Thiswhitepaperexploresthedrivingfactorsbehinddecentralizedpowergeneration.Itexploresfuturegridmodelsandtechnologysolutionsthatwillallowgridoperatorstoensuregridstabilityandensurecleaner,affordableandreliablepower.Italsoprovidesrecommendationstoindustryleaders,policymakersandtheIECcommunity.

ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)advancednetworkoperationprojectteamwithmajorcontributionsfromTokyoElectricPowerCompany(TEPCO)andprojectpartnerGridOptimize.SupportingcontributionscamefromHuaweiTechnologies,FZSONICKSA,WasedaUniversity,ToshibaEnergySystems&Solutions,andStateGridCorporationofChina(SGCC).

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Edgeintelligence

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Edgeintelligence

Toenableandrealizethetruevalueoftheinternetofthings(IoT),edgeintelligencepushesprocessingfordataintensiveapplicationsawayfromthecoreofthecloudtotheedgeofthenetwork.

Thisradicaltransformationfromthecloudtotheedge,edgeintelligence,willsupporttrillionsofsensorsandbillionsofsystems.Itwilltreatdatainmotiondifferentlyfromdataatrest.

Thiswhitepapersynthesizescurrenttrendsintheareasofcloudcomputing,mobilenetworking,IoTandotherdomainsthatrequirelowdelayincommunicationanddecision.Suchdomainsincludesmartmanufacturing,videoanalysisforsecurityandsafety,automotive,intelligentcityfurnitureorvirtualreality.Thepublicationexploresmarketpotentialandverticalusecaserequirements,analyzesgapsandproducesrecommendationsforadoptingverticaledgeintelligencetechnologies.

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ThewhitepaperwasdevelopedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)edgeintelligenceprojectteamwithmajorcontributionsfromHuaweiandtheFraunhoferInstituteforOpenCommunicationsSystemsFOKUS.

AlsoavailableinChineseandKorean

TechnologyReport

LVDC:electricityforthe21stcentury

TechnologyReport

LVDC:electricityforthe21stcentury

Lowvoltagedirectcurrent(LVDC)isadisruptivetechnologythatfundamentallyacceleratesenergyaccessandimprovesenergyefficiency.LVDCapplicationsaremanyandvaried,andcanbeappliedineverycountryintheworld.

Indevelopedeconomies,themaindriversfortheuseofLVDCaretheimprovementofenergyefficiencyandpowerqualityaswellastheconversiontorenewableenergy.

Indevelopingeconomies,thestandardizationofvariousaspectsofLVDCislikelytohaveaprofoundimpactbyfacilitatingelectricityaccessineventheremotestofvillages.

ThistechnologyreportexaminesLVDCintermsofmarketpotential,accesstoenergy,voltagestandardization,safetyandotherkeyconsiderations.Itpoolsthecollectiveexpertiseandknow-howofexpertsfromallaroundtheworld.

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Globalenergyinterconnection

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Globalenergyinterconnection

Energyiscentraltonearlyeverymajorchallengeandopportunitytheworldfaces.However,onefifthoftheworldpopulationstilllacksaccesstoenergy.

Theinterconnectionofgridswouldopenupanunprecedentedopportunitytogloballysharetheresourcesofthewholeplanet,bringingcleanenergytoeverybody,everywhereintheworld.

Globalenergyinterconnection(GEI)istechnicallyhighlycomplex.Itwillrequirealevelofdependabilityneverseenbefore.InternationalStandardsinherentlycontainsolutionsthatwillhelppre-addressthiscomplexityandtheyplayacrucialroleinmasteringdependabilityupfront.

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AlsoavailableinChinese,KoreanandRussian

Thiswhitepaperaimstoassesstheworldwideneeds,benefits,policiesandpreconditionsforGEI.Itexaminesthereadinessofpotentialmarketsandidentifiestechnicalandbusinesstrendsaswellashurdles.Itanalyzesandcomparesseveralglobaltransmissionscenariosandevaluatestheirimpactonenergysupply,theenvironment,technologies,policiesaswellasstandardsdevelopment,providingrecommendationstoallstakeholders.

ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)globalenergyinterconnectionprojectteamwithmajorcontributionsfromtheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)andStateGridCorporationofChina(SGCC).

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IoT2020:SmartandsecureIoTplatform

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IoT2020:SmartandsecureIoTplatform

TheInternetofThings(IoT)isaninfrastructureofinterconnectedobjects,peopleorsystemsthatprocessesandreactstophysicalandvirtualinformation.IoTcollectivelyusestoday’sinternetbackbonetoconnectthingsusingsensorsandothertechnologies.Throughdatacollectionandanalysisitachievesamultitudeofoutcomesthatgenerallyaimtoimproveuserexperienceortheperformanceofdevicesandsystems.

HowdataiscollectedandimplementedwilldeterminehowtransformationalIoTcanbecome.Securitygrowsexponentiallyinimportanceasdevicesthatwereonceisolatedbecomeinterconnectedandmoreandmoreinformationiscollected.Aswithmostdisruptivetechnologiessolutionsaredevelopedbyawiderangeofproviderspromotingtheirproprietaryapproacheswhichcanalsoimpactinterconnectivity.BringingtheambitiousvisionsexpressedbyIoTtorealitywillrequiresignificanteffortsinstandardization.

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Printedcopy:CHF50.-

AlsoavailableinChineseandKorean

Thiswhitepaperaimstoprovideanoverviewoftoday’sIoT,includingitslimitationsanddeficienciesintheareaofsecurity,interoperabilityandscalability.ItcontainsusecasesthatpointtorequirementsforsmartandsecureIoTplatforms.Italsodiscussesnextgenerationplatform-leveltechnologiesandprovidesimportantrecommendationstoIoTstakeholdersandforIoTstandardizationwork.

ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)IoT2020projectteamwithmajorcontributionsfromSAPandtheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedandIntegratedSecurityAISEC.

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Factoryofthefuture

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Factoryofthefuture

Whatwillmanufacturinglooklikeinthefuture?Howwillhumansandmachinescommunicatewitheachother?Willourworkenvironmentadapttoourneeds?

Inthefactoryofthefuturehumanswillhavetocometotermswithanincreasingcomplexityofprocesses,machinesandcomponents.Thiswillrequirenewoperatingconceptsforoptimizedhuman-machineinteraction.

Nimble,adaptiveandintelligentmanufacturingprocesseswillbethemeasureofsuccess.Thecombinationof“virtual”and“real”inordertogetafullviewofthecompletevaluechainwillallowfactoriestoproduceproductsmorerapidly,moreefficientlyandwithgreaterreturnusingfewerresources.

Thiswhitepaperwillassessthepotentialworldwideneeds,benefits,conceptsandpre-conditionsforthefactoryofthefuture.Itidentifiesthebusinesstrendsinrelatedtechnologiesandmarkets,aswellastheirimpactondata,people,technologiesandstandards.

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ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)factoryofthefutureprojectteamincooperationwiththeFraunhoferInstituteforManufacturingEngineeringandAutomationIPA.

AlsoavailableinKoreanandRussian

WhitePaper

Strategicassetmanagementofpowernetworks

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Strategicassetmanagementofpowernetworks

Worldwide,theelectricityindustryisfacinganumberofverysignificantchallenges,andthefirstofthese,listedbymanyelectricitynetworkbusinessCEOs,isassetmanagement.

Whilepowernetworksindevelopednationsstrugglewithanequipmentbasenearingtheendofitslifetime,thoseindevelopingcountrieswrestlewithtryingtoidentifybest-practiceexamplestomodeltheiroperationson.Thisistakingplaceagainstabackgroundofchangingregulatoryenvironments,climatechange,evolvingconsumerbehaviourandnewmarketdynamics.

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AlsoavailableinChinese,KoreanandRussian

Thecurrentlackofinternationalstandardsorguidelinesonassetmanagementforelectricalnetworkswillhaveasignificantimpactonthereliabilityandfutureviabilityoftheelectricitysector.

Thiswhitepaperexploresthisissueindepth.Itexaminesassetmanagementintheelectricitypowernetworksectorandidentifiesareasofassetmanagementpracticethatcouldbenefitfrominternationalstandards.

ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)projectteamonstrategicassetmanagementofpowernetworkswithsupportfromN.OGEEConsultantsafterextensiveindustryconsultation.Threeinternationalworkshops,heldaroundtheworld,wereattendedbyelectricitynetworkbusinesses,equipmentmanufacturers,researchinstitutionsandotherstandardsorganizations.

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OrchestratinginfrastructureforsustainableSmartCities

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OrchestratinginfrastructureforsustainableSmartCities

By2050,itisprojectedthat67%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.Smartcitiesarenecessarytoreduceemissionsandtohandlethisrapidurbangrowth.

Howevercities,asweknowthem,arefacedwithacomplexchallenge–thetraditionalprocessesofplanning,procuringandfinancingarenotadequatefortheneedsofsmartcities.Theirdevelopmentrequirestherightenvironmentforsmartsolutionstobeeffectivelyadoptedandused.

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AlsoavailableinChinese,KoreanandRussian

Electricityiscoreinanyurbaninfrastructuresystemandthekeyenablerofcitiesdevelopment,soIEChasaspecificroletoplayinthedevelopmentofsmartcitystandards.Deliveringthefullvalueofstandardstoacceleratethedevelopmentofsmartcitiesandloweritscostsalsoclearlyneedsastrongcollaborationofallcitystakeholders.

Thiswhitepaperexplainswhatisneededtomovecitiestogreatersmartness;thewhat,whoandhowofsmartcitydevelopment.Itcallsforawidecollaborationbetweenmanystakeholders,includingotherinternationalstandardizationbodiestoultimatelyleadtointegrated,cost-efficient,andsustainablesolutions.

ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)projectteamonsmartcitiesincooperationwiththeCentreforEuropeanPolicyStudies(CEPS).

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InternetofThings:WirelessSensorNetworks

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InternetofThings:WirelessSensorNetworks

Wirelesssensornetworks(WSN)aregeneratingincreasinginterestfromindustryandresearch.Thisisdrivenbytheavailabilityofinexpensive,low-poweredminiaturecomponentssuchasprocessors,radiosandsensorswhicharesometimesintegratedonasinglechip.

TheideaoftheInternetofThings(IoT)developedinparalleltoWSNs.WhileIoTdoesn’tassumeaspecificcommunicationtechnology,wirelesscommunicationtechnologieswillplayamajorroleintheroll-outofIoT.WSNswilldrivemanyapplicationsandmanyindustries.

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ThiswhitepaperdiscussestheuseandevolutionofWSNsinthewidercontextofIoT.ItprovidesareviewofWSNapplications,infrastructurestechnologies,applicationsaswellasstandardsthatapplytoWSNdesigns.

ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)wirelesssensornetworksprojectteamincooperationwiththeUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).

AlsoavailableinKoreanandRussian

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Microgridsfordisasterpreparednessandrecovery

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Microgridsfordisasterpreparednessandrecovery

Withelectricitycontinuityplansandsystems

Whiletheyareoftenseenasameansofencouragingthetakeupofrenewableenergyandaddressingchallengesofpeakdemand,microgridscanmakeasignificantcontributiontodisasterpreparednessandrecovery.

Thiswhitepaperconsiderspreparationforandrecoveryfrommajorelectricityoutages,withafocusoncustomer-sidemeasures.Itexamineshowdisasterpreparednessandpostdisasterrecoverymaybenefitfromstandardsandthedesignofplansforcoordinatedactivity.

Microgridsareasolutiontomanyoftheissuesidentifiedinthedisasterreview.Byrelyingonavarietyofgenerators,amicrogridsystemavoidsmanyofthesingle-point-of-failureissuesofthetraditionalelectricitygrid.Keysuggestionsencouragetheoperationofmicrogridsandtheimplementationofstandardstoassistdisasterreliefplanning.Businessandelectricitycontinuityplanningaswellaselectricitycontinuitysystemsareexaminedassolutionsfordisasterpreparednessandrecovery.

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ThewhitepaperwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)projectteamonmicrogriddisasterpreparednessandrecoveryincooperationwiththeCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisationofAustralia(CSIRO)andtheJapaneseNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology(AIST).

TechnologyReport

Nanotechnologyinthesectorsofsolarenergyandenergystorage

TechnologyReport

Nanotechnologyinthesectorsofsolarenergyandenergystorage

Nanotechnologybringssignificantbenefitstoenergystorageandtheoverallsolarenergysectorforexampleintermsofimprovedmaterials’efficiencyandreducedmanufacturingcosts.Concretely,batterystoragecapacitycouldbeincreased,solarcellscouldbeproducedcheaperandtheirlifetimeextended.

Thistechnologyreportoutlinesawholerangeofnanomaterialsandnanotechnologies,evaluatingtheirroleinaddressingtheenergychallenge.Notably,itdiscussestheirpotentialcontributiontothesuccessfulintegrationofrenewableenergyandenergystorage.

Thepublicationisintendedformanufacturersofproductsforenergygenerationandstorageaswellasforenergyregulators.

ThetechnologyreportwaspreparedbytheIECMarketStrategyBoard(MSB)togetherwiththeFraunhoferInstituteforSystemsandInnovationResearchISI.

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WhitePaper

Gridintegrationoflarge-capacityRenewableEnergysourcesanduseoflarge-capacityElectricalEnergyStorage

Gridintegrationoflarge-capacityRenewableEnergysourcesanduseoflarge-capacityElectricalEnergyStorage

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Theproportionofrenewableenergiesislikelytoincreaseinallmajorelectricitymarkets.Theirlargescaleincorporationintoexistingelectricitygridswillbecomplex,andtheirsuccessfulintegrationwilllikelydependonlarge-capacityelectricalenergystorage.

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Thiswhitepaper’sprimarygoalistoprovideaglobalviewonthecurrentstateandfuturedirectionsforgridintegrationoflarge-capacityrenewableenergysourcesandtheapplicationoflarge-capacityenergystorageforthatpurpose.Itidentifieschallengesforgridoperatorsandproducersofelectricit