Unit+1+People+of+Achievement+People+of+Achievement高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

U1

PeopleofAchievement

卓有成就的人物physiology/ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine

诺贝尔生理学或医学奖physiologist/ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒɪst/n.生理学家

physiological/ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/adj.生理学的n.生理学；生理机能

[U]artemisinin/ˌɑːtɪˈmiːsɪnɪn/n.[药]青蒿素

[U]黄花蒿疟疾是一种由疟原虫引起的蚊媒传染病，主要通过受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬传播。典型“寒战-高热-出汗”循环

头痛、肌肉酸痛、疲劳，严重时

可导致贫血、肝脾肿大、脑疟

（昏迷）甚至死亡。青蒿素联合疗法（ACTs）——目前最有效的治疗方法（屠呦呦的贡献）。malaria/məˈleəriə/n.疟疾

[U]crucial/ˈkruːʃ(ə)l/1）

becrucialto/for对…至关重要

Winningthiscontractiscrucialtothesuccessofthecompany.2）itiscrucial+that从句

[(should)+V.]……极为重要

Itiscrucialthatwegetthisright.我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。3）playacrucialrole/partin…

在…中起至关重要的作用Parentsplayacrucialroleinpreparingtheirchildforschool.4)atthecrucialmoment

在关键时刻；在紧要关头5)cruciallyadv.至关重要地adj.至关重要的；关键性的vital/ˈvaɪtl/adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的1）

bevitalto/for对…至关重要

Winningthiscontractisvitaltothesuccessofthecompany.2）itisvital+that从句

[(should)+V.]……极为重要

Itisvitalthatwegetthisright.我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。3）playavitalrole/partin…

在…中起至关重要的作用Parentsplayavitalroleinpreparingtheirchildforschool.4)avitalpersonality

充满活力的个性5)vitallyadv.极其；紧要地；生死攸关地①Asweallknow,waterisvitalto/forkeepingeverythingalive,without________theworldwouldbeadeadplace.②________isvitalthatyou(should)keepaccuraterecordswhenyouareself­-­employed.③Theconservationoftropicalforestsis____vitalimportance.which

It

ofExercisescommit/kəˈmɪt/commit-committed-committed1)commityourselftosth./todoingsth.

承诺；保证......

PeoplecommittedthemselvestoworkingonSundays.2)commitacrime犯罪3)commitsuicide自杀4)committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的

Theyarecommittedsocialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者。

becommittedtosth./doingsth.

献身于/致力于(做)某事5)commitmentn.承诺；许诺；保证[C/U]

makeacommitmentto(doing)sth.

承诺(做)某事vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入①

Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselves_______takingoutaloan.

②Bothsidescommittedthemselves____________(settle)disputepeacefully.

③Tomisa____________(commit)memberofourfootballteam.

④Amanwhocommittedamistakeanddoesn'tcorrectitis______________(commit)anothermistake.Exercisestotosettlingcommittedcommitting过而不改，是谓过矣academy/əˈkædəmi/n.研究院;学会;专科院校

[C]英国国家学术院ChineseAcademyofSciences

academic/ˌækəˈdemɪk/adj.学业的；学术的n.高等院校教师；高校科研人员[C]academicyear学年

Agroupofacademicssaytheycanpredicthousepricesthroughacomputerprogram.一批学者声称，他们可以通过一种电脑程序预测房价。

academically

adv.学业地；学术地Youhavetodowellacademicallytogetintoamedicalschool.objective/əbˈdʒektɪv/1)objective=goal;aim;purpose;targetteachingobjectives

教学目标achieveanobjective

达成一个目标

2)anobjectiveanalysis

客观的分析

asubjectiveanalysis

主观的分析

3)objectivelyadv.客观地

4)objectto(doing)sth反对(做)某事Manylocalpeopleobjecttothebuildingofthenewairport.n.目标；目的[C]

adj.客观的botanical/bəˈtænɪk(ə)l/adj.植物学的traditionalbotanicaltreatments

传统植物疗法botany/ˈbɒtəni/n.植物学

botanist/ˈbɒtənɪst/n.植物学家evaluate/ɪˈvæljueɪt/vt.评价；评估=assess/əˈses/Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.evaluationn.评价；评估[C/U]

makeanevaluationof

对……进行评估property/ˈprɒpəti/n.性质[C];特征[C];财产[U]1)Let’scomparethephysicalpropertiesofthetwometals.

物理特性2)Be

careful

not

to

damage

other

people’s

property.

3)properadj.adj.合适的;恰当的distinct/dɪˈstɪŋkt/adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的；确实的；确切的1)Hisvoicewasquietbuteverywordwasdistinct.

他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。

2)bedistinctfrom

与......截然不同；有区别Thetwokindsofmusicaredistinctfromeachother.3)BeingtallgaveTonyadistinctadvantage.个子高给了托尼一个明显的优势。4)distinctionn.区别

[C]=difference

distinctionsbetweentraditionalandmodernsocieties1)extractfromsweetwormwood青蒿提取物

2)extractfromsth.

摘自......Thefollowingextractistakenfromhernewnovel.下面一段摘自她的新小说

3)extractsth.(from...)

：(从......里)提取；提炼；摘录toextractessentialoilsfromplants从植物中提取香精油extract/ˈekstrækt/

/ɪkˈstrækt/n.提取物[U/C]；摘录

[C]vt.提取；提炼；摘录；拔出wormwood/ˈwɜːmwʊd/n.蒿；洋艾

[U]

1)Thewaterwasbubblingandboilingaway.

水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。

2)Bringthesouptotheboil.把汤煮开。

3)boilingpoint

沸点

boilinghot=veryhot炽热的；很热的boil/bɔɪl/vt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点

gas

[ɡæs]:n.气体;汽油

solid[ˈsɔlɪd]：n.固体Washinwarmwaterwithliquiddetergent.用液体清洁剂在温水中清洗。liquidn.液体

[U]adj.液体的；液态的/ˈlɪkwɪd/

1)toobtainadvice/information/permission

获得忠告/信息/许可2)Theseconditionsnolongerobtain(=apply).这些条件不再适用。obtainvt.(经过努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章；习俗等)存在；流行/əbˈteɪn/acknowledge/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/1)=admitacknowledgedoingsth.承认做某事beacknowledged...as...被承认......是......≈beacknowledgedtobeHeiswidelyacknowledgedasthebestplayerintheworld.Heiswidelyacknowledgedtobethebestplayerintheworld.普遍认为，他是世界最佳球员。2)Igratefullyacknowledgefinancialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。vt.承认(属实；权威等)；

(公开)感谢

1)TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.屠呦呦不会承认失败。

2)anarrowdefeat

惜败；aheavydefeat

惨败

3)=beatbeat/defeatsb/单位at...:在某方面打败某人/单位Hedefeatedthematfootball.defeatn.失败；挫败

[C/U]vt.击败；战胜/dɪˈfiːt/analyse/ze/ˈænəlaɪz/1)Sheanalyzedthemedicaltextsagain.她再次分析了医学文本2)analysis/əˈnæləsɪs/n.分析

[C]vt.分析apparently/əˈpærəntli/=obviously,clearly

Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她得出结论，将苦艾煮沸显然会破坏其药用特性。

apparent:adj.显而易见的;明白易懂的;表面上的adv.显而易见；看来；显然substance/ˈsʌbstəns/

1)Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.她通过降低温度提取，发现了一种有效的物质。2)Itwasmaliciousgossip,completelywithoutsubstance.这是恶意造谣，完全没有事实根据。n.物质；物品

[C]；

事实根据

[U]insist/ɪnˈsɪst/1)insistonsth.

坚决要求......Weinsistedonarefundofthefullamount.我们坚持要求全额退款。

2)insistondoingsth.

执意继续做......

Theyinsistonplayingtheirmusiclateatnight.

已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。3)insistthatsb(should)do…坚持要求/主张Heinsiststhatshe(should)come.4)insist(that)...

坚持认为Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.他坚持说他是无辜的。vi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求

Heinsistedthathe___(do)nothingwrongand____________(set)free.

did(should)besetExercises1)Iinsistonyour_______(take)immediateactiontoputthisright.2)Iinsistedthatadoctor_______________(send)forimmediately.3)Janeinsistedthatshe_________(do)nothingwrong.4)Heinsistedthathe___(do)nothingwrongand____________(set)free.

taking(should)besenthaddonedid(should)besetscientific/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/scientificresearch科学研究adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的science

科学scientist

科学家scientific科学的scientifically系统地；

合乎科学地mostly/ˈməʊstli/=mainly;chieflyPassageslikethismostlycontainfacts.像这样的文章大多包含事实。adv.主要地；一般地wearandtear/teə(r)/wear--wore--worn

tear--tore--torn

Scientistsneedtoevaluatehowthenewmaterialstandsuptowearandtear(承受磨损)toprovehowvaluableitis.

科学家们需要评估这种新材料的耐磨性，以证明它的价值。(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗conclusion/kənˈkluːʒn/1)得出......结论cometo

draw

reach

getto

arriveat

2)inconclusion

最后；总之3)concludev.断定，推断出;完成；达成concludethat

得出结论……conclude...from...

从……中推断……

conclude...with/by...

以……结束……toconclude

总而言之；最后n.结论；推论

[C]aconclusion

that...Exercises1)Itcanbe_________(conclude)thatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,”giventhatthey’reprofitable.2)Whenthegroupdiscussionsisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeit______animportantpoint.3)Afteracarefulinvestigation,wedrewaconclusion______theirdecisionwaswrong.4)_______conclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.concludedwithInpenicillin/ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/n.青霉素；盘尼西林ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,whodiscoveredpenicilin.flee(fled,fled)/fliː/Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离希特勒掌权的德国。迅速离开；逃跑circumstance/ˈsɜːkəmstəns/1)under/innocircumstances

无论如何都不……(位于句首时句子要部分倒装)Undernocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost.

2)under/inthecircumstances

在这种情况下；既然这样

3)under/inanycircumstance(s)

在任何情况下Studentsshould

sticktotheirdreamsunderanycircumstances.n.[pl.]条件；环境；状况novel/ˈnɒv(ə)l/n.(长篇)小说

[C]noveln.(长篇)小说adj.新颖的novelistn.小说家fiction

(短篇)小说anovelfeatureflow/fləʊ/1)Shewatchedtheflowofcarsandbusesalongthestreet.她注视着街道上川流不息的小车和巴士。2)Astreamflowedgentlydownintothevalley.一条小溪缓缓地流进山谷。n.流；流动；流畅；供应[U]vi.流；流动ABCchart/tʃɑːt/1)aflowchart

流程图2)Onedoctorhaschartedadramaticriseinlocalchildhoodasthmasincetheroadwasbuilt.一位医生用图表记录的方式，说明道路建成后当地儿童哮喘发病率急剧上升。n.图表

[C]vt.记录；制定计划found/faʊnd/1)befoundedin

建立于……2)befoundedon/upon建立在……基础上;(建筑物)建立在……上3)founder

n.创始人;创建者;缔造者4)foundation

n.地基;基础;根据

laya(film/solid)foundationfor...为……打下(坚实的)基础AdamSmithisconsideredoneofthe_________(found)ofclassicaleconomics.

TsinghuaUniversity,________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingindividuals.

vt.创建；建立；把......建立在foundersfoundedinfer/ɪnˈfɜː(r)/infer--inferred--inferred--inferringWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?vt.推断；推定politician/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃ(ə)n/n.从政者；政治家；政客

[C]political[pəˈlɪtɪkl]：adj.政治的;党派的

politics[ˈpɔlɪtɪks]：n.政治numerous/ˈnjuːmərəs/In

a

mall,

there

are

numerous

departments

selling

differentkinds

of

goods.

number

[ˈnʌmbə]：n.数字;数目anumberof(+复数名):许多Anumberofstudents______(be)fromAmerica.

thenumberof(+复数名):......的数字;......的数目Thenumberofgirlsinourclass______(be)20.

adj.众多的；许多的areistheory/ˈθɪəri/put

the

theory

into

practice

:将理论付诸/用于实践

intheory:理论上；按理说

Intheory,thesemachinesshouldlastfortenyears.n.理论；学说[C/U]relativity/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/TheTheoryofRelativity:《相对论》relativeadj.相对的；有关系的；成比例的

n.亲戚；相关物

relatevt.叙述；使…有联系

berelatedto

与…有关Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.它被认为与食物消费有关。n.相对论；相对性formula/ˈfɔːmjələ/E=mc2

Thisisafamousformula.n.公式；方程式；配方genius/ˈdʒiːniəs/

Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.

haveageniusforsth./doingsth有（做）某事的才能

Hehadageniusformakingpeoplefeelathome.

他有一种能使人感到轻松自在的本领。n.(geniuses)天才[C]；天资；天赋[U]gentle/ˈdʒent(ə)l/ThisgentlegeniuswasborninGermanyon14March1879.gently:adv.温柔地;温和地;文静地Shegentlycroonedalullaby.她轻声哼唱了一支摇篮曲。adj.温柔的；文静的patent/ˈpeɪt(ə)nt//ˈpæt(ə)nt/1)applyforapatenton/for

申请......的专利权

get/obtainapatenton/for

获得......的专利权Theyhavegotapatentfortheirresearchresult.2)

apatentapplication专利申请

apatentmedicine

专利药n.专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的passion/ˈpæʃ(ə)n/1)haveapassionfor

热爱;酷爱2)passionate/ˈpæʃənət/adj.热诚的;狂热的bepassionateabout

对……充满热情Inadditiontotheirinterestincomputers,theysharedapassion_____music.

Thatwillhelpshowyouknowthefieldyouare__________(passion)about.

n.酷爱[C]；激情[U]forpassionatedoctorate/ˈdɒktərət/=doctor’sdegreeHecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.master’sdegree

硕士学位

bachelor’sdegree

学士学位n.博士学位

[C]extraordinary/ɪkˈstrɔːd(ə)n(ə)ri/

Thatsameyear,whichwaslaterrecordedasamiracle(奇迹)yearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.outstanding,exceptional,remarkableadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的gradually/ˈɡrædʒuəli/Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamousthroughouttheworldasthenewIsaacNewton.此后，他逐渐闻名全球，被誉为新一代的艾萨克·牛顿。gradual:adj.逐渐的;逐步的;不陡的stepbystep

逐渐地adv.逐渐地；逐步地photoelectric/ˌfəʊtəʊɪˈlektrɪk/In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.1922年，他因对光电效应的阐释被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。adj.光电的cometopowerCircumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.1933年局势骤变，希特勒在德国掌权。

beinpower:执政(开始)掌权；上台institute/ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/1)aresearchinstitute

研究所2)institution社会公共机构；制度；习俗[C]institute：具体、专业、中小型机构（尤其是教育/科技领域）。institution：广义机构或抽象社会机制（如金融、习俗、

大型系统）。

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)（麻省理工学院）→

具体实体Highereducationinstitutions（高等教育机构）→

泛指类别

注：部分场景下二者可互换，但含义侧重点不同，需根据语境判断。n.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑

[C]consequence/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/asaconsequence＝asaresult＝inconsequence因此；结果Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.

asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof＝inconsequenceof由于……的缘故beofno/greatconsequence

无关紧要/非常重要consequentlyadv.结果；因此Grandfatherhadsustainedabrokenbackwhileworkinginthemines.Consequently,hespenttherestofhislifeinawheelchair.爷爷在矿上做工时受了背伤，结果，他在轮椅上度过了他的余生。n.后果；结果takeupapositionHefinallytookupaposition

asaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.最后，他在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员。担任；任职moustachemustache/məˈstɑːʃ//ˈmʌstæʃ/n.上唇的胡子；髭（zī）[C]Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonend