Unit 4 Discover Useful Structures 分层作业（解析版）

Unit4BodyLanguage--DiscoverUsefulStructures分层作业练习Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空。Atpresent,______________(face)thetoughtaskofpreventingimportedcasesandresurgenceathome,Chinaismakingitseffortstoovercomedifficultiesindevelopingeconomyandfightingagainstthepandemic.【答案】facing【解析】目前，面对预防输入性病例和国内疫情复发的艰巨任务，中国正在努力克服发展经济和抗击疫情中的困难。face面对，逻辑主语为“China”，中国面对，正在发生，主动，方式状语表示伴随的状态，face要变成-ing形式，facingScientistshaverespondedby_________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.【答案】noting【解析】科学家做出回应，指出说，饥饿的熊可能正在人类居住区周围聚集。note的逻辑主语为科学家，科学家指出，为主动，与谓语动词同时发生，在宾语by后面作宾语，notingA90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for________(be)Britain’soldestfull­timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.【答案】being【解析】一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女士奖”，因为是英国最年长的全职员工，目前仍然每周工作40小时。be的逻辑主语是a90-year-old，主动，与谓语动词同时发生，beingWhenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.【答案】saying【解析】当我们接到一个电话，说她入围了，我们都以为是个玩笑。say的逻辑主语是acall，主动，与谓语动词got同时发生，作后置定语，sayingOnthelastdayofourweek­longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【答案】listening【解析】在最后一天，我们被邀请去参加一个私人音乐会，听音乐家们演奏，与有趣的当地人见面。listen的逻辑主语为we，主动，并列连词and连接listening和meeting，作方式状语，表示伴随的状态。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_________(die)earlybyrunning.【答案】dying【解析】你可能喝酒抽烟超重，而且通过跑步减少早死的风险。die的逻辑主语为you,主动，在介词of后面作宾语，dyingFastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by_________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.【答案】eating【解析】快餐高盐高油，通过吃更多的快餐，人们会摄取超过需要的盐和脂肪。eat的逻辑主语为people，主动，与谓语动词get同时发生，在介词by后作宾语，eatingManyChinesebrands,_______________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.【答案】havingdeveloped【解析】很多中国品牌，历经百年打造自己的声誉，正面临来自现代市场的挑战。develop的逻辑主语为manyChinesebrands，与逻辑主语为主动关系，在谓语动词arefacing之前发生，-ing形式的完成式，havingdevelopedAcityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,__________(reflect)man’sintelligenceandcreativity.【答案】reflecting【解析】一座城市是人类手和脑的产物，反应了人类的智慧和创造力。reflect的逻辑主语为acity,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，与谓语动词is同时发生，reflectingLastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople____________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.【答案】watching【解析】昨晚，有数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了开幕式直播。watch的逻辑主语为people,和逻辑主语之间为主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，作后置定语，watchingHegotwell­preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_________(lose)thegoodopportunity.【答案】losing【解析】他为面试做了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。lose的逻辑主语为he,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，在risk后面作宾语，risking_______________(finish)herprojectwithdistinction,shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.【答案】Havingfinished【解析】以优异的成绩完成这个项目，她被学校邀请给新生讲话。finish的逻辑主语为she,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，在谓语动词之前发生，havingfinished____________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.【答案】Traveling【解析】延丝绸之路旅行是有趣而且有收获的经历。动词的-ing形式做主语，travelingPaststudieshaveshownalinkbetweensleepinglessandweighingmore,butscientistshavehaddifficulty___________(determine)“whichcamefirst,thechickenortheegg？”saysJulieLumengoftheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.【答案】determining【解析】过去的研究表明在睡得少和长得胖之间有联系，但是科学家们很难确定到底是鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡。Havedifficultydoingsth，determiningActually,itisquitenormalfortheaverageperson___________(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.【答案】living【解析】实际上，对于一个住在城里的普通人每天见到成千上万的广告是再正常不过的。live的逻辑主语是theaveragepeople，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，livingTraditionalChineseweddingcustomsmayvaryfromplacetoplaceandtimetotime,buthavebeenholdinganimportantpositioninthelivesofChinesepeople,___________(cause)afar­reachingimpactonthewaytheChineseleadtheirlives.【答案】causing【解析】传统的中国婚礼因人因地而不同，但是在中国人的生活中占有重要地位，对中国人的生活方式产生了深远的影响。cause的逻辑主语是Chineseweddingcustoms，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，与谓语动词vary和havebeenholding...同时发生，作目的状语，causingIcan’thaveyou____________(get)awaywithtellinglies.【答案】getting【解析】我绝不允许你撒谎而不受到惩罚。不允许做某事，can’t/don’thavesbdoingsth____________(notknow)hisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.【答案】Notknowing【解析】不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。Notknow的逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，非谓语的否定式放在非谓语动词的前面，Notknowing____________(notstudy)hislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.【答案】Nothavingstudied【解析】因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。notstudy的逻辑主语为he,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，在谓语动词之前发生，否定词放在非谓语动词的前面，Nothavingstudied____________(show)thelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.【答案】Havingbeenshown【解析】在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。show的逻辑主语是we，与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，在谓语动词之前发生，HavingbeenshownⅡ.单项填空从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworldA.making B.makes C.made D.tomake【答案】A【解析】动词的-ing形式表示结果，making2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_______itmoredifficult.A.notmake B.nottomake C.notmaking D.don’tmake【答案】B【解析】新技术的目的是是生活更便捷，而不是让生活更困难。动词不定式表示目的，nottomake3.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoctor,______Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.A.read B.reads C.toread D.reading【答案】D【解析】当我到家时，看到门上钉着一个便条，上面说“对不起没见到你，请给我打电话”read的逻辑主语是thepassage,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，reading4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expects【答案】B【解析】我以前与孩子们一起工作过，因此我知道在新工作中期待的是什么。expect的逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，将要发生，动词不定式，toexpect5.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_______.A.haveitdo B.haveitdone C.havedoneit D.havingitdone【答案】A【解析】电脑只能做会思考的人类让它做的事情。do的逻辑主语是it,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，have使得，havesbdo...6.Cleaningwomaninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay【答案】C【解析】大城市中的清洁女工通常是按小时付费。getpaid7.Hesentmeane-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.A.hoped B.hoping C.tohope D.hope【答案】B【解析】他发给我一份邮件，希望能获得更多信息。hope的逻辑主语为he,与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，hoping8.The____boywaslastseen______neartheEastLake.A.missing,playing B.missing,play Cmissed,played Dmissed,toplay【答案】A【解析】失踪的男孩最后被看到在东湖附近玩。失踪的，missing，看到某人正在做某事，seesbdoingsth...9.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedhavingnotinvited Dnothavingbeeninvited【答案】D【解析】Tony因为没有收到邀请而不开心。Invite的逻辑主语为Tony,与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，在谓语动词之前发生，否定词放在最前面，nothavingbeeninvited10.Heclaimed_______inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreated B.treatingbadly C.tobetreatedbadly D.tohavebeenbadlytreated【答案】D【解析】他声称昨天在超市购物时他受到了不好的对待。treat的逻辑主语为he,与逻辑主语至今是被动关系，在谓语动词之前发生，tohavebeenbadlytreated11.Sheaskedmetohelpher,_____thatshecouldn’tmovetheheavysuitcasealone.A.onlytorealize B.realizing C.havingbeenrealizedD.realized【答案】B【解析】她让我帮她，意识到她自己搬不动那么重的箱子。realize的逻辑主语为she,与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，realizing12.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyouremember______methestoryyesterday?told B.telling C.totell D.tohavetold【答案】B【解析】记得做过某事，rememberdoing...13._____areplyhedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.Receiving C.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived【答案】C【解析】没有收到回复他决定再写一次信。receive的逻辑主语是he，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，自谓语动词之前发生，否定词放在前面，Nothavingreceived14.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?—______enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.Get B.Getting C.Toget D.Tobegoing【答案】C【解析】为了让你获得从租的蛋白质和营养，动词不定式表示目的，toget15.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____.A.20dollarsremained B.20dollarstoremain C.remained20dollars D.remaining20dollars【答案】D【解析】这位女士说她会用剩下的20块钱给她的女儿买一件礼物。剩下的，remaining放在名词前，left放在名词后，剩下的20块钱：theremaining20dollars/the20dollarsleft16.Willthose____thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?A.teaching B.teach C.whoteaches D.whoteaching【答案】A【解析】教外国学生的老师要到校长办公室吗？主动，teaching/whoteach17._____moretime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.Havinggiven B.Togive C.Giving D.Given【答案】D【解析】如果被给与更多的时间，他会成为一名一流的网球选手。Give的逻辑主语是he，与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，只有D为被动关系。18.HewenttoAmerican_____someEnglishaswellas____.A.learning,totravel B.learning,traveling C.tolearn,travelD.tolearn,totravel【答案】D【解析】他去美国，去学英语及旅游。动词不定式表示目的。19.“Canyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrily C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing【答案】A【解析】你难道看不见吗？Mary生气地说，同时指着通知。point的逻辑主语为Mary，与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生。angrilypointing20.Thewallsoftheroomsaresaid___whiteinnotime.A.tobepainted B.painted C.topaintD.havingbeenpainted【答案】A【解析】房间的墙据说不就就会粉刷。Paint的逻辑主语是thewalls，与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，还没有发生，tobepaintedⅢ.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023全国高考北京卷）It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.1WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.2Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.3Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.4Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.5Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】1.D2.F3.G4.B5.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。【1题详解】根据空前内容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。【2题详解】根据空前内容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。【3题详解】空前内容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。【4题详解】根据空前内容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。【5题详解】根据下文内容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。Ⅳ.阅读理解（2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模）Fromorderingfoodtobuyinganewbooktomakingacharitabledonation,moreandmoredecisionsthatusedtobemadeonpaperarenowbeingmadeondigitaldevicesliketablets,phones,andcomputers.Andthistrendtowardsdigitalizationhasmanyadvantages,inparticularwhenitcomestoefficiencyandsustainability—butcoulditalsobenegativelyinfluencinghowwemakedecisions?Weconductedaseriesofstudieswithmorethan2,500participantsacrosstheU.S.andChinatoexploretheimpactofthemediumyouusetomakeadecision,withaparticularfocusondecisionswithsomesortofmoralcomponent,suchaswhetherornottomakeadonationtoacharity,orwhethertochooseahealthyorunhealthyentrée(主菜)atarestaurant.Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(变量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice:Forexample,participantswhoreadtheirchoicesandmadeaselectiononpaperweresignificantlymorelikelytogivemoneytocharity,chooseahealthyentree,andoptforaneducationalbookratherthansomethingmoreentertaining.Whymightthisbe?Ourresearchsuggeststhatthekeymechanismdrivingthiseffectishow“real”thedecisionfeels.Weaskedparticipantsintwoofourstudiestodescribehowrealadecisionfelt,aswellastheextenttowhichtheybelievedthedecisionasrepresentingwhotheywereaspeople,andtheyconsistentlyindicatedthatmakingachoiceonpaperfeltmorerealandrepresentativethanmakingthesamedecisiononadigitaldevice.Itmayseemlikeaminordetail,butourresearchshowsthatthemediumwithwhichyourcustomers,employees,orcommunitymembersmakeadecisioncanhaveamajorimpactonthechoicestheymake.Thishasimplications(暗示)formarketers,policymakers,andanyoneseekingtoencourageanysortofvirtuousbehaviour.Forexample,toencouragecustomerstochoosehealthieroptions,restaurantsmightconsideroptingforpaperratherthandigitalmenus.Similarly,parentsandeducatorsmightopttoprovidestudentswithpaperratherthanonlinebookorderforms,toincreasethechancesthatthey’llchooseeducationalreadingmaterials.1．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudies?A．TheparticipantsareallfromAmerica.B．Theparticipantsaredividedintothreegroups.C．Thestudiespayspecialattentiontodecisionswithmoralcomponent.D．Thestudiesprovetheefficiencyandavailabilityofthedigitaldevice.2．Whatmainmechanismisresponsibleforthiseffectmentionedinthetext?A．Theawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.B．People’sobjectiontotrendtowardsdigitalization.C．Therealfeelingcausedbymakingdecisionsonpaper.D．People’scareabouttheiridentitywhenmakingdecisionsonpaper.3．Whatcanweinferabouttheresearchfindingfromthelastparagraph?A．Ithaspracticalvalue. B．Itneedsimprovement.C．Itcanstandthetestoftime. D．Itmakessenseineverysituation.4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Penandpaperwillneverbereplaced.B．Weencourageeveryonetomakearesponsiblechoice.C．Wemakemoremoralchoiceswhenusingpenandpaper.D．Educationalreadingmaterialsshouldbeprovidedintheformofpaper.【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了数字化趋势对人们决策的影响。作者进行了一系列研究，发现使用纸质表格做出的决策比使用数字设备做出的决策更具有道德性。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Weconductedaseriesofstudieswithmorethan2,500participantsacrosstheU.S.andChinatoexploretheimpactofthemediumyouusetomakeadecision,withaparticularfocusondecisionswithsomesortofmoralcomponent,suchaswhetherornottomakeadonationtoacharity,orwhethertochooseahealthyorunhealthyentrée(主菜)atarestaurant.(我们对美国和中国的2500多名参与者进行了一系列研究，以探索你用来做决定的媒介的影响，特别关注带有某种道德成分的决定，比如是否向慈善机构捐款，或者在餐馆里选择健康或不健康的主菜。)”可知，这些研究特别关注带有道德成分的决定。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ourresearchsuggeststhatthekeymechanismdrivingthiseffectishow“real”thedecisionfeels.(我们的研究表明，驱动这种效应的关键机制是决定给人的“真实”感觉。)”和“…makingachoiceonpaperfeltmorerealandrepresentativethanmakingthesamedecisiononadigitaldevice.(……在纸上做出选择比在数字设备上做出同样的决定更真实、更有代表性。)”可知，纸上决策带来的真实感受是造成这种效果的原因。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thishasimplications(暗示)formarketers,policymakers,andanyoneseekingtoencourageanysortofvirtuousbehaviour.Forexample,toencouragecustomerstochoosehealthieroptions,restaurantsmightconsideroptingforpaperratherthandigitalmenus.Similarly,parentsandeducatorsmightopttoprovidestudentswithpaperratherthanonlinebookorderforms,toincreasethechancesthatthey’llchooseeducationalreadingmaterials.(这对市场营销人员、政策制定者和任何试图鼓励任何良性行为的人都有启示。例如，为了鼓励顾客选择更健康的食物，餐馆可能会考虑选择纸质菜单而不是电子菜单。同样，家长和教育工作者可能会选择向学生提供纸质而非在线图书订购表，以增加他们选择教育读物的机会。)”可知，研究结果具有实用价值。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(变量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice(我们要求参与者使用纸质表格或数字平板电脑做出各种各样的选择，尽管控制了所有其他变量，但我们一致发现，使用纸质表格的人比使用数字设备的人做出更多的道德决定)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了数字化趋势对人们决策的影响。作者进行了一系列研究，发现使用纸质表格做出的决策比使用数字设备做出的决策更具有道德性。由此可知，C项：Wemakemoremoralchoiceswhenusingpenandpaper.(当我们用笔和纸时，我们会做出更多的道德选择。)是文章的主旨大意。故选C。（2023·山东淄博·校联考二模）Inthethreateningtroubleofclimatechange,growingcommercialcropsonsolarfarmsisapotentiallyefficientuseofagriculturallandthatcanbothincreasecommercialfoodproductionandimprovesolarpanelperformanceandlongevity(寿命),accordingtoanewCornellresearch.“Wenowhave,forthefirsttime,aphysics-basedtooltoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofco-locatingsolarpanelsandcommercialagricultureintermsofincreasedpowerconversionefficiencyandsolar-panellongevity,”saidleadauthorHenryWilliams,adoctoralstudentinCornellEngineering.“Thereispotentialforagrivoltaic(农业光伏)systems-whereagricultureandsolarpanelscoexist-toprovideincreasedpassivecoolingthroughtallerpanelheights,morereflectivegroundcoverandhigherevapotranspiration(蒸散)ratescomparedtotraditionalsolarfarms,”saidMaxZhang,professorintheSibleySchoolofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,“Wecangeneraterenewableelectricityandconservefarmlandthroughagrivoltaicsystems.”InNewYork,forexample,about40%ofsolarfarmcapacityhasbeendevelopedonagriculturallands,whileabout84%oflandsuitableforsolardevelopmentisagricultural,accordingtoapreviousresearchstudyfromZhang’sgroup.Theengineersshowedthatsolarpanelsmountedovervegetationrevealsurfacetemperaturedropscomparedtothosebuiltoverbareground.Solarpanelsweremounted4metersaboveacottoncropandthesolarpanelsshowedtemperaturereductionsbyupto10degreesCelsius,comparedwiththosemountedahalf-meterabovebaresoil.“Asyoudecreasethesolarpaneloperatingtemperature,youcanincreaseefficiencyandimprovethelongevityofyoursolarpanels,”saidWilliams,“We’reshowingdoublebenefits.Ononehand,youhavefoodproductionforfarmers,andontheotherhand,we’veshownimprovedlongevityandimprovedconversionefficiencyforsolardevelopers.”“Uptothispoint,mostofthebenefitsfromagrivoltaicsystemshavebeenaroundareaswithabundantsunshine,”saidZhang,“ThisresearchistakingasteptowardevaluatingtheapplicationofagrivoltaicsinclimatesrepresentativeoftheNortheasternU.S.inrelaxingtheland-usecompetitionitfaces.”5．WhatdoesthenewCornellresearchconvey?A．Growingcommercialcropscanrelieveclimatechange.B．It’scostlytoimprovesolarpanelperformanceandlongevity.C．Commercialagriculturecanincreasepowerconversionefficiency.D．Thecoexistenceofsolarpanelsandcommercialcropsismutuallybeneficial.6．Whydoestheauthorlistthefiguresinparagraph3?A．Toshowthepromisingfutureofagrivoltaics.B．ToindicatethelackofsolarfarmsinNewYork.C．Totellagriculturallandsarebasedonsolarfarms.D．Todemonst