Unit3Timeschange（知识清单）（挖空版）

Unit3Timeschange一、词汇清单单词1._________________n.十年；十年期2._________________adj.大名鼎鼎的，传奇式的3._________________adj.年老的4._________________n.同情5._________________n.一群，一伙6._________________n.领导；领导地位7._________________adj.简陋的8._________________v.竞争9._________________v.强调10._________________n.新闻工作者；新闻记者11._________________n.时代，年代12._________________n.改进；改革13._________________v.铺（路、地面等）14._________________prep.（与……）一起15._________________n.倡议16._________________adj.坚实的17._________________n.工作，职业18._________________n.组成部分19._________________n.类别20._________________v.（使）扩大；增加21._________________adj.情绪（上）的，情感（上）的22._________________n.手势，姿势23._________________adj.脸上的；面部的24._________________n.意图，目的25._________________/n.改编版26._________________adj.易懂的27._________________n.精神28._________________n.趋势29._________________v.促进；使便利30._________________adj.次要的，第二位的31._________________adv.紧急地；急迫地32._________________adj.有说服力的，使人信服的短语1._________________偶然(或顺便)走访(或访问)2._________________顺便拜访3._________________向……挥手告别4._________________永久地；一劳永逸地5._________________得力助手6._________________接管；接收7._________________突然出现，突然弹出的东西8._________________以……作答9._________________寻找；搜索10._________________一系列，一串11._________________传到，蔓延到熟词生义1.run常见义：v.跑步生义：v._________________2.chain常见义：n.链条生义：n._________________3.board常见义：n.木板；董事会生义：n._________________4.screen常见义：n.屏幕（电子设备）生义：n._________________5.campaign常见义：n.军事战役；政治运动生义：n._________________6.corporate常见义：adj.公司的生义：adj._________________7.character常见义：n.角色；性格生义：n._________________8.heartandsoul常见义：n.全心全意（抽象概念）生义：n._________________9.pack常见义：v.打包生义：v._________________10.language常见义：n.语言生义：n._________________句型1.makesbdosth“使某人做某事”ItmademerealizethatthebookstoreandallthatOldCaseyhadgiventothemunitycouldsoondisappearforgood.这让我意识到，书店和凯西给社区带来的一切可能很快就会永远消失。2.现在分词短语作结果状语IthasallowedChinatoacplishinjustfourdecadeswhattookWesternindustrialisedcountriesmorethan200yearstoachieve,breakingnewgroundinthehistoryofhumanachievement.它使中国用了仅仅四十年的时间就取得了西方工业化国家200多年才取得的成绩，这在人类成就史上是具有开创性的。3.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语Perhapspeoplewillonedaychoosetomunicateinpictures,andforgethowtowriteproperly.也许有一天，人们会选择用图画来交流，而忘记如何正确地书写。语法过去进行时的被动语态二、知识点精讲知识点1dropin顺便造访，临时拜访【教材原句】Thebookstore,whichwasalegendaryfixtureintheneighborhood,wasaplacewhereanyonecoulddropinandconnectthroughtheirloveofbooks.这家书店固定开设在附近，享有盛名，是一个任何人都可以因为爱看书而顺便进来并与他人建立良好关系的地方。(教材P26)【拓展】(1)dropinonsb/atsp顺便拜访某人/某地(2)dropby/over顺便拜访(3)dropoff落下；不知不觉入睡；送下车，送到；减少(4)dropout退学，辍学；退出，脱离(5)dropoutof从……中退出(6)dropbehind落后，落伍【经典练】单句语法填空①Intheolddaysmanygirlsinthecountrysidehadtodropout_________________school.②Herlongillnesscausedhertodrop_________________therestoftheclass.③IfIdodrop_________________,wakemeassoonasMartinarrives,won'tyou?补全句子④Besides,you'dbetterbringsomelittlegifts,suchasaspecialfoodordrinkfromyourcountry.Ofcourse,ifyou_________________friends,itisnotnecessary.除此之外，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你家乡的特产。当然，如果你是顺路拜访朋友的话，就没有什么必要了。知识点2sympathyn.同情；同情心；赞同【教材原句】Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,butIhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn'tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.我想要说些同情的话，却发现自己不得不承认彩虹书店的确开不下去了。(教材P26)【拓展】(1)have/feel(no)sympathyforsb(不)同情某人express/offersympathy表达/表示同情getsympathyfromsb得到某人的同情(2)sympatheticadj.同情的；赞同的be/feelsympatheticto/towards同情……【写作佳句】Welearnedalessonfromtheexperiencethatkindnessandsympathymadeabigdifferencetoourlife.我们从这次经历中领悟到一个道理：善意与同情能给人生带来重大改变。【经典练】单句语法填空①Actually,theyfeltgreatsympathy_________________thevictimsintheaccident.②Myfriendswerevery_________________(sympathy)whenIlostmyjob.③IthoughtI'dgotsomesympathy_________________myparents.[链接写作]翻译句子④我对考试作弊被抓的学生完全不同情。____________________________________________________________________知识点3takeover夺取，占据；接替；接管【教材原句】ThecampaignhadbeenledbyJenniferOakley,asaleswomanwhohadgrownupintheneighborhoodandwhohadnowtakenoverthebookstorefromCasey.这次活动由珍妮弗·奥克利领导，她是一位售货员，从小在社区长大，现在已经从凯西手中接手了书店。(教材P27)【拓展】(1)takeaway拿走；夺走(2)takedown写下，记下；拆卸(3)takein吸收；理解；欺骗；收容(4)takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功(5)takeon接纳；雇用；呈现；承担(6)takeup拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续(7)take...forgranted认为……是理所当然的【写作佳句】Finally,myconsciousnesstookover.最终，我的意识恢复了清醒。【经典练】单句语法填空①Youhavetolearntotake_________________thekeypointseventhoughyoudon'ttakethemin.②WhenMrGreenretired,hissontook_________________thebusinessfromhim.③Smartphonesnotonlytake_________________ourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.④Don'tbetaken_________________byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.⑤Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastaken_________________anewlook.补全句子⑥Whenavolunteerwasill,__________________________________.ThoseAmericanstudentsthoughthighlyofme.当一个志愿者生病时，我接替了她的工作。那些美国学生对我评价很高。知识点4popup突然出现，冒出来(尤指出乎意料)【教材原句】IjoinedCasey，whowaslookingupatthescreenonwhichreaders'mentskeptpoppingup.在书店里我与凯西相见，他在看着屏幕上不断出现的读者评论。(教材P27)【拓展】(1)popin/along顺便经过，顺道来访(2)popoff(突然)死去；(急忙)离去(3)popout突然出现【写作佳句】Aboutthirtyminuteslater,themessagepoppeduponmyphone.大约半小时后，这条消息突然出现在我手机上。【经典练】单句语法填空①Themoderatorseemstopop_________________inthemostunlikelyplaces，whichoftensurprisestheaudience.②Sincewehavefriendsinairline,weoftenpop_________________forcoffeewhenwestopattheairport.③I’monlysixty,youknow—I'mnotgoingtopop_________________yet!补全句子④Theboarder'seyesnearly_________________hisheadimmediatelyhesawwhathehadwon.这个寄宿生一看到自己赢得的东西，顿时两眼瞪得大大的。知识点5petev.比赛；竞争【教材原句】Traditionalbookstorescan’tpetewithlargebookstorechains.传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。(教材P28)【拓展】(1)in...tein...参加……(比赛/竞争)for...efor...为……而竞争petewith/againstsb与某人竞争(2)petitionn.比赛；竞争with...etitionwith...与……进行竞争(3)petitiveadj.竞争的；有竞争力的petitorn.竞争者；对手【写作佳句】Thepetitorsfromdifferentclassespetedwitheachother.来自不同班级的选手们互相角逐。【经典练】单句语法填空①Onlyqualifiedorinvited_________________can_________________inthefinal_________________inShanghai.(pete)②Noonecanentirelykeepawayfromthe_________________(pete)world.③Lifeislikealongrace_________________whichwepete_________________otherstogobeyondourselves.翻译句子④我们将和其他排球队在比赛中竞争冠军。_____________________________________________________________________________________知识点6searchfor寻找，搜寻【教材原句】Insteadofreplyingwithasimple“OK,don’trush”,Isearchedforemojisonmyphonethatwouldexpressthesamemessage:我没有简单地回复“好的，不急”，而是在手机上找起能表达同样意思的表情包：(教材P32)【拓展】(1)inone'ssearchfor寻找insearchof寻找；搜寻；寻求(2)searchsth/sb搜查某物/搜身search...for...为找到……而搜查……searchfor寻找；搜索【写作佳句】AsfarasIamconcerned,searchingforandlearningpreviousspeechesbyexcellentcontestantsareofgreatimportance.在我看来，搜寻并学习优秀选手的往届演讲至关重要。【经典练】对比填空(searchfor/insearchof/search)①Firstly,theyspentmoretime_________________food.②I_________________theroomforthelostkey,butinvain.③Janethoughtanddecidedto_________________somefood.[链接写作]一句多译每年有许多受过良的年轻人去海南岛找工作。④___________________________________________________(searchn．)⑤___________________________________________________(searchv．)知识点7expandv．(使)扩大；增加【教材原句】Nowtherearemorethan3,000emojisthatexpanduponthewayinwhichwemunicate.如今，已有3000多个表情符号拓展了我们的交流方式。(教材P33)【拓展】(1)expandinto发展成；扩展到expandon/upon详细阐述；详述expandone'sknowledge/horizons拓展知识/开阔视野(2)expansionn.扩大；扩张；扩展【写作佳句】Forexample,readavarietyofbooks,andconstantlyexpandyourreadinginordertomakeupforthelackofreading.例如，广泛阅读各类书籍，并持续拓展阅读量以弥补阅读不足。【经典练】单句语法填空①Whenyouheatametal,it_________________(expand)．②Idon'tquiteunderstandyourexplanation.Canyouexpand_________________it?[链接写作]翻译句子③我们上周五参加了一个志愿者活动，该活动开阔了我们的视野。_____________________________________________________________________________________知识点8convincingadj.有说服力的，使人信服的【教材原句】Whatsupportingargumentsdoestheauthorgivetomakethepointconvincing?作者提出了哪些支持性论据来增强其观点的说服力？(教材P35)【拓展】(1)convincev.使信服；使相信convincesbtodosth说服某人做某事convincesbofsth使某人相信某事(2)convincedadj.确信的；深信的that...incedthat...相信……makesbconvincedofsth使某人相信某事【写作佳句】Thiseventturnedoutagreatsuccess,convincingusthatit'sourdutytoaimhighwhiledoingsolidwork.此次活动取得了圆满成功，让我们深刻认识到：既要志存高远，又要脚踏实地，这是我们应尽的职责。【经典练】单句语法填空/补全句子①Hedidn'tlook_________________(convince),becauseherideawasnotvery_________________(convince).Butshefinallyconvincedhim_________________(change)hismind.②Imanagedtomakehim_________________(convince)ofmyabilitytodothejob.③_________________(我确信)youradvicewillcontributetoourgoodperformance,soIsincerelyhopeyoucanhelpus.句式升级④____________________________________________________________________[用分词作状语升级句③]三、句式清单句式1theday引导的时间状语从句【教材原句】ThedayIheardthattheRainbowBookstorewasclosingafter50yearsofbusiness，Iwasheartbroken.听说经营了50年的彩虹书店要停业的那天，我的心都要碎了。(教材P26)句式分析：句中ThedayIheardthattheRainbowBookstorewasclosingafter50yearsofbusiness为theday引导的时间状语从句。时间名词morning，afternoon，evening，day，night，week，month，year与定冠词the连用可以引导时间状语从句。【拓展】时间状语从句的用法：(1)when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，主句和从句中的动作或状态可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。while引导时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。as引导时间状语从句时，常表示两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译作“一边……一边……；随着”。(2)表示“一……就……”的常见表达形式还有：themoment，theminute，theinstant，thesecond，instantly，immediately，directly，sooner...thansooner...than，hardly...when等。(3)since(自从……)，until/till(直到……)，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，bythetime(到……的时候)等都可以引导时间状语从句。(4)由time构成的名词词组：thefirst/lasttime，each/everytime，nexttime，anytime等。【经典练】补全句子①__________________________________,hisfatherwasalreadydead.他回家的那一天，他父亲已经死了。②__________________________________,hewasatthepeakofhiscareer.遇车祸身亡的那一年，他正处于职业生涯的顶峰。句式2现在分词短语作状语【教材原句】Sighingdeeply,hetoldmehowitwasbeingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.他深深地叹了口气，告诉我经营一家独立书店变得有多困难。(教材P26)句式分析：句中Sighingdeeply是现在分词短语在句中作状语，表示伴随情况。【拓展】现在分词在句中还可作原因、目的、条件、方式、结果状语。(1)时间性，与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。(2)语态性，与句子主语之间是主谓关系。(3)人称一致性，分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。【经典练】完成句子①Theoldmanwassittinginthechair,__________________________________.这位老人正坐在椅子上，听着经典而又难忘的爵士乐。②ShetravelledwidelythroughoutNorthAmerica,__________________________________.她在北美就妇女权利问题作巡回演讲。四、语法清单过去进行时的被动语态【感知·语法规律】1．WhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedintoboxes.当我赶到书店时，看见书籍已经正在被打包装箱。2．Theplanwasnotbeingdiscussedwhenyouenteredtheroom.你进房间时，（大家）并未在讨论该计划。3．Wasthehouseyouboughtbeingdecoratedlastweek?你买的房子上周在装修吗？4．Whatwasbeingdonetothemachine?这台机器当时在接受什么处理？【精讲·语法知识】过去进行时的被动语态表示在过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。一、构成1．肯定结构：主语＋was/were＋being＋doneputerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.他那时正在大学学计算机专业。2．否定结构：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋doneAnotherbridgewasn’tbeingbuiltovertheYangtzeRiverthen.那时长江上并没有建造另一座大桥。3.疑问句结构：Was/Were＋主语＋beingdone...？特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋beingdone？Wasanewlibrarybeingputupintheirschooljustthen?他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？昨天12：00前这项任务完成了吗？Whatmeasureswerebeingtakenwhentheaccidenthappened?事故发生时正在采取什么措施？二、基本用法1.表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的被动动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：lastnight，lastSaturday，yesterday等；或者与when，while，as引导的过去时间状语连用。Thisfilmwasbeingshownatthistimelastnight.昨晚这个时候这部电影正在放映。HetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuiltlastSaturday.他说上周六正在修建一个新车站。2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的被动动作。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。Themanwasbeingoperatedonateighto'clocklastnight.昨晚八点那个人正在动手术。3.与always，constantly等表示频率的副词连用，表示被动的动作和某种感情色彩。Hewasfiredbecausemistakeswerealwaysbeingmade.他因为老在工作中犯错误而被解雇。Shewasalwaysbeingpraisedforhelpingtheelderly.她总是因帮助老人而受到表扬。4.表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。HesaidthattheweddingceremonywasbeingheldnextDecember.他说婚礼将于明年12月举行。【经典练】单句语法填空/句型转换①Weleftwithadeepsenseofunease，becauseweknewsomething________________(hid)fromus.②Thepark________________(repair)thistimelastmonth.Nowwecancrossit.③Thecampus________________(clean)fromMondaytoFridaylastweekbyus.④Theflowers________________(water)bythemnow.⑤Hewasteachinghisdogatrickthen.(改为被动语态)→

________________________________________________.⑥Thearticlewasbeingwrittenbythelittlegirl.(改为否定句)→________________________________________________.⑦Thesongswerebeingpractisedthosedays.(改为一般疑问句)→________________________________________________?⑧TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthismachinewerebeingdiscussedwhenIwentintothemeetingroom.(对画线部分提问)→________________________________?Astheassignment________________，hewentontosearchtheInternet.三、过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别1.都强调过去发生的事，但是过去进行时强调过程，不一定完成；一般过去时强调结果，已经完成。AletterwaswrittentoherfriendwhenIenteredtheroomlastnight.昨晚我进入房间时，她给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)AletterwasbeingwrittentoherfriendwhenIenteredtheroomlastnight.昨晚我进入房间时，她正在给朋友写信。(信未写完)2.一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复进行。(短暂性动词)Shewavedtome.她朝我挥了挥手。ItwasquiteclearthePresidentwasbeinggivenfalseinformationbythosearoundhim.很明显，总统身边的人在不断向他传递错误信息。【经典练】单句语法填空/完成句子/1①Thebaby________________(正被照顾)byhisgrandmotherwhenitsmotherwasaway.②Muchprogress________________(正被取得)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople'shardworkinthelastcentury.③Theprofessortoldusthatmorenewtechnologies

________________(正被应用于)inthefieldofIT.④Wedon'tknowwhat________________(正被争论)，butwethoughtnoagreementwouldbearrivedat.⑤He________________(正在接受询问)byapolicemanwhenIarrived.⑥Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshe________________(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.⑦Thenewsaboutelection________________(broadcast)whenIturnedontheradio.⑧Tom'shouse

________________(paint)whenwepaidavisittohimlastweek.⑨Theownerclaimedtheboat________________(use)withoutherknowledge.⑩Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool________________(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.三、写作清单【点拨·写作技巧】关于发展变化的文章，其体裁可以是记叙文、议论文或说明文。如果是记叙文，要交代清楚时间、地点、人物、过程和结局；如果是议论文，观点要明确，要分层次给出有力的论据；如果是说明文，要把现象的特征以及因果关系等描述清楚。具体写作步骤归纳如下：【积累·写作素材】1.常用短语1.withthedevelopmentoftechnology随着科技的发展2.greatchangeshavetakenplace发生了巨大变化3.duringthelastfewyears在过去的几年里4.doharmtoenvironment对环境有害5.attractmoretravellers吸引更多的游客6.takeonanewlook呈现新面貌7.becoveredwithgreentrees被绿树覆盖8.tosomeextent在某种程度上2.常用语句★精彩开头（1）Idothinkletterswilldisappearinourlife.我坚信信件会在我们的生活中消失。（2）Thecashlesssocietyisingascashandbank­noteswillnotbeinuseanymorealmostpletely.随着现金和纸币将几乎完全不再使用，无现金社会到来了。★丰满主体（3）Withoutdoubt，artificialintelligencewilltaketheplaceofmanyjobs，whichmakesmanyprofessionsatriskofdisappearance.毫无疑问，人工智能将取代许多工作，这使得许多职业面临消失的危险。（4）That'swhymanymanagersexpectachangefromfull­timeworktoflexibleemploymentwithafocusonproductivity.这就是为什么许多管理者期望从全职工作转变为注重生产率的灵活就业。（5）Foronething，productivityhasbeengreatlyincreasedbyusingrobots，whichinturnhelpspromotethepopularityofrobots.一方面，通过使用机器人生产效率得到了提高，这反过来又帮助促进了机器人的流行。（6）Greatadvancesinscienceandtechnologymakeitpossibleforpeopletoabandontheuseoftraditionalletters.科学技术的巨大进步使人们有可能放弃使用传统的书信。（7）Thereasonwhysomedeadlydiseaseswillnolongerexististhatgenetechnologymakesitpossibleforpeoplewithgeneticdiseasestogivebirthtohealthybabies.一些致命疾病将不再存在的原因是基因技术使患有基因疾病的人有可能生下健康的婴儿。★余味结尾（8）AsfarasIamconcerned，ifthenewspaperbeeslessandlessattractive，itwon'tappealtomorereaders.就我而言，如果报纸越来越不吸引人，就不会吸引更多的读者。（9）Inoneword，letterwritingwillfadeoutoneday.总之，书信将在未来某一天消失。（10）Therefore，cheapputers，faxesandphonecallswillmakemutingtoworkathingofthepast.因此，廉价的电脑、传真和电话通信将使每天坐车上下班成为历史。【示例·分步写作】假如你是李华。现在你校举办一次英文演讲比赛，主题是关于你所在城市的变化。请根据以下要点，写一篇演讲稿。内容要点:1、城市变化的简介；2、个人的感想。注意:1、词数80100左右；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。ThechangesofmycityLadiesandgentlemen,